writing writing writing test 3 instructions:...

1

WRITING WRITING WRITING

TEST 3

INSTRUCTIONS:

For this section of the test, a proctor will give you a special answer form. Make sure that your

name appears correctly on the front of the form.

Using a Number 2 pencil ONLY, write as much as you can, as well as you can, in an

original, 35-minute composition on ONE of the two topics below.

1. Many people believe that the clothes you wear or the car you drive reflect who you are.

This is why some people wear only expensive brands or designer clothes and drive

expensive foreign cars. Are you such a person? Do you think such status symbols make

the mane? Be sure to support your opinion with reasons and explanations.

OR

2. How many times have you met a totally incompetent person in a high position and

wondered how such things are possible? What do you think counts more in finding a job,

what you know or who you know? Be sure to support your opinion with reasons and

explanations.

DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

2

LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST Part 1: Short Conversations For each question in your test booklet, you will hear a short conversation. The conversation has a short title to tell you what it is about. Listen to the conversation and choose the letter of the choice that best answers the question that appears in your test booklet. You will not hear the question; you will see it and read it. You will read it quietly to yourself. Use your pencil to mark your answer on your answer sheet. You are allowed to take notes in the test booklet. Example X: Walking Across Campus Mary wants to go to______. a. the library b. her house c. a class

The perfect gift 1. How does the man feel about her discovery?

a. He is just as thrilled. b. He prefers conventional gifts. c. He likes the suspense.

Weather conditions 2. What will she probably end up doing? a. going to the mountains b. staying home c. going to the coast Summer camp job 3. What doesn’t she want? a. to have to care for very young children b. to be out of doors c. to sleep in a cabin Picking a book to read 4. What will she probably do? a. Read the DaVinci Code. b. Get a new book Helen’s read. c. Try to find a book through the net. A trip to the dentist 5. What is the woman’s problem? a. She doesn't like taking antibiotics. b. She’s afraid of dentists. c. Her tooth must come out. Backyard picnic 6. Which of the following is true? a. He’ll probably cook something. b. The man and woman are neighbors c. She’ll probably bring a salad.

3

LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST Technology buff 7. What does he say about women? a. They are technologically inclined. b. They can’t follow manuals. c. They have no interest in technology. Noisy neighbor 8. What is the woman’s problem?

a. She has turned him down. b. She needs to get a battery. c. She doesn't like to apologize.

Part 2: Longer Conversations In this section you will hear a few longer conversations. After each conversation you will read between 3 and 5 questions. Listen to each conversation and answer the questions that appear in your test booklet.

At the mall: A friend’s request 9. What is Jill complaining about?

a. the money she owes b. her lack of restraint in shopping c. her many vulnerabilities

10. Who does Jill blame for her condition?

a. the society and our way of life b. credit card companies c. her mother

11. Which trap is Jack referring to?

a. the “buy now, pay later” plan of credit companies b. buying things she doesn’t need c. of living in the environment she does

12. Jill spends money _________. a. because she is ill b. to feel fulfilled c. because her mother does 13. What does Jack suggest she do? a. Follow his instructions. b. Restructure her repayments. c. Switch to a different credit card company. A discussion in the office 14. What is the woman’s problem? a. She can’t drive at night. b. She gets lost easily. c. She can’t read road maps. 15. What is special about this new map? a. It is only for women. b. It has been simplified. c. It involves spatial tasks.

4

LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST 16. The Institute of Psychiatry Research showed _________. a. women only use one side of their brain b. men use both sides of their brain c. women are not good at spatial tasks During an on-campus rock concert 17. According to the man _________. a. the concert is for a charitable cause b. the music of the 20th century was better c. Sinatra sang songs about the war 18. How does she feel about the concert music?

a. She’s too old for this kind of music. b. She doesn't find it creative c. The music makes her want to dance

19. What does the man claim Sinatra did?

a. He served as a medic. b. He awoke deep feelings in his fans. c. He fought along with the rest of American males.

20. What does she say about the concert singers?

a. They are using some of Sinatra’s techniques. b. They are not aware of what they’re doing. c. Their voices complement the band.

Part 3: Extended Discourse In this section you will hear a presentation and an extended dialogue. You will listen to each twice, and then you will answer several questions. A visit to a famous pen factory 21. What where the earliest pens made from?

a. reeds b. sea rushes c. bamboo sticks

22. Where is the reed pen still used? a. in Egypt b. in Pakistan c. in India 23. What were reed pens replaced by? a. writing on scrolls b. writing on parchment c. quills 24. Why did Europeans start using quills? a. They were more advanced. b. They couldn’t get reeds after the fall of the Roman Empire. c. They had better results with quills.

5

LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST 25. When did metal nib pens go on the market? a. 1803 b. 1822 c. 1879 26. What did the Caliph of Egypt request? a. a reservoir fountain pen b. a pen with a nib c. a pen that wouldn’t dirty him 27. Who designed the “BIC” pen? a. a student in Paris b. the Biro brothers c. a Hungarian writer 28. The Biro pen _________.

a. is made of a rotating ball at its tip b. was first sold in 1940 c. was first patented in Argentina

29. The two Biro brothers _________.

a. worked as chemists b. had to flee Nazi Germany c. introduced erasable ballpoint pens

30. Erasable ballpoint pens _________.

a. were patented in Argentina b. were produced by Juan Jorge Meyne c. were introduced when Erasermate went on the market

6

LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST Planning a family getaway 31. What does Miriam want to do?

a. Get away from her family for a weekend.

b. Find a place to go with her family. c. Learn some history.

32. What is the “Miner Family Ranch”? a. a place for miners to rest b. a family owned mine c. a family resort and ranch 33. According to Miriam, the ranch

_________. a. is located where the first saloon used to be b. is on a mine that is still active c. is owned by a miner 34. What does she say about the Main Lodge? a. It opened in 1970. b. It has five luxury suites. c. It is where the cowboys sleep. 35. What is the ranches’ most popular

attraction? a. the trout fishing b. the horseback riding program c. working with cattle 36. What can men do at the ranch? a. plan a barbeque b. give fishing lessons c. catch a trout and grill it 37. Jack will go on the trip provided

_________. a. he can assist with the cattle b. George wants to go c. he can get fishing lessons

38. Why do they need cowboy boots? a. They help when you go horseback riding. b. It’s part of the ranch outfit. c. They’re good for hiking.

39. What does Miriam say about George?

a. He loves nature. b. He’s not too keen on nature trips.

c. He’ll be hard to convince to come. 40. What does Jack say about the price?

a. It’s expensive. b. They can’t afford to go. c. Because meals are included, the price is reasonable.

THIS IS THE END OF THE PRACTICE LISTENING TEST.

DO NOT RETURN TO THE PREVIOUS SECTION.

DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

7

GRAMMAR TEST GRAMMAR TEST GRAMMAR TEST 41. "Is it easy to find a waitressing job?"

"Well, ______ any other qualifications, that’s all you'll be able to do."

a. to not have b. not to have c. not have d. not having 42. We couldn’t believe Jack didn’t get into

university even though he is ______ conscientious student.

a. such b. so c. very d. such a 43. "You should take up a hobby ______ you

enjoy." a. if b. which c. when d. where 44. "Do you want some more coffee?" "No, I have had ______ much already." a. too very b. too many c. much too d. that 45. "How did you like my driving?"

"As far as ______, I’m never coming with you again."

a. concerned with that b. it concerns c. that is concerned d. concerning that 46. "Did he call to cancel his reservation?" "He might ______, but I don’t know." a. have b. do c. have done d. done 47. "Did you have a test today?"

"No, no sooner ______ down than there was a fire drill."

a. we sat b. we had sat c. had we sat d. our sitting

48. "Did you go to the dance last weekend?" "No, but I wish I ______.” a. could b. had c. had had d. would 49. "They live right downtown." "I could never ______ such a thing." a. be used to b. have used to c. get used to d. used to 50. "What are you doing here today?"

"I ______ on vacation, but things didn’t work out that way."

a. was gone b. were to go c. went d. was to have gone 51. "I waited for you at the restaurant for an

hour last night." "I'm sorry ______ you sitting there so long."

a. to keeping b. having kept c. about to keep d. to have kept 52. "Am I to blame for Susan's expulsion?"

"No, in your position, I probably ______ the same."

a. would do b. did c. would have done d. must have done 53. "I don't know how I'll ever unlock this

drawer." “______ the key might help." a. To have found b. To find c. Finding d. Having found 54. “They are first cousins."

"I thought they must be related. They look so ______.”

a. the same as b. much like c. alike d. just like

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

8

GRAMMAR TEST GRAMMAR TEST GRAMMAR TEST 55. "What qualifications must one have for the

position?" “They want someone persuasive, ______ that means."

a. whatever b. so c. what d. which 56. "Why doesn't she do anything about her

appearance?" "She's ______ lazy to let such things worry her."

a. very b. such a c. so d. too 57. "Should I mail the invitation to the Smiths?" "Why don't you ______?” a. give to Mary it. b. to Mary give it c. give Mary it d. give it to Mary 58. "Why don't you like Italian cars, they're

faster?" "Because I prefer ______ any day." a. German made car b. a made in Germany car c. a German made car d. a car made in German 59. It seems ______ he knows what he's doing. a. though b. as though c. like if d. to be 60. "What did you think of Mr. Morris' lecture?" "I found it very ______.” a. informing b. informative c. informational d. informed 61. We were lucky because the insurance

company paid for our ______ after we were robbed.

a. losses b. lost c. loosing d. loose

62. I bought a new car ______ in Sweden. a. that manufactured b. manufacturing c. manufactured d. was manufactured 63. "Do I have to do that?"

"Yes. It doesn’t matter ______ you want to or not."

a. because b. as if c. either d. whether 64. "Were you surprised by the election

results?" "Yes, they were different ______ I had expected." a. that b. from c. than d. to

65. The part ______ repair the car was

ordered today. a. needed to b. needing c. needs to d. needing to 66. "Will you help me with this sometime?" "Sure, ______, I could do it right now." a. even so b. on the other hand c. however d. in fact 67. Do you think ______ be stricter crime laws? a. there should b. it should c. should there d. should 68. Because of the state of worldwide

economics, many factories ______ close. a. having been b. had have to c. have been d. have had to 69. "I don’t think John solved the problem

very well." "Oh, really? What ______ have done?"

a. will he b. would you c. will you d. would he


9

GRAMMAR TEST GRAMMAR TEST GRAMMAR TEST 70. Air pollution is ______ problem than water

pollution is. a. not less b. not a less c. no less a d. no a less 71. Mary had to lean ______ the counter to

open the window. a. above b. over c. after d. around 72. This newspaper has more ______ than that

newspaper. a. popularity b. popular c. popularization d. popularly 73. Thank goodness ______ hurt in the train

accident. a. didn’t more people get b. didn’t get more people c. more didn’t get people d. more people didn’t get 74. I’d like ______ this with you before the

meeting. a. to discuss about b. discussing about c. the discussing of d. to discuss 75. “The President says the company is making

more cars this year than last year.” “______ attribute the increase in productivity?”

a. Does he b. What to c. To what does he d. What does he

76. I wish I had a car ______ give you a ride. a. that I can b. that I could c. so that I can d. so that I could 77. The conclusion ______ in that article states

that this medicine is effective. a. is present b. presented c. is presented d. presenting 78. Only if it rains, ______. a. the match will cancel b. the match will be cancelled c. will the match cancel d. will the match be cancelled 79. ______ people were expected at the

meeting. a. All that b. More than c. Many more d. Much more 80. That office building ______ a large

reception area. a. had lack b. lacked c. was lack of d. lacked in

THIS IS THE END OF THE CELP GRAMMAR TEST

DO NOT RETURN TO THE PREVIOUS SECTION.

DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

10

READING TEST READING TEST READING TEST

Environment

As part of a class at school you have to read this article from a sociology book. Read it and answer the questions that follow.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Few experts doubt the fact that social environment plays a major role in determining whether or not someone develops a mental disorder (#87), but there are many different theories about how this influence is expressed. One of the earliest theories among psychotherapists was that mental disorders are caused by disturbances in the individual’s early psychological development in the family. For example, it is generally believed that parental love and affection are vital (#81) to the normal maturation of a child. Children who are rejected by their parents may display a variety of psychological problems, including anxiety, insecurity, low self-esteem and hostility. §1.

Parental standards of discipline are also important for proper development. Children have to feel that someone is watching over them and guiding their actions. Harsh, rigid standards may produce either a hostile and rebellious child, or a passive, guilt-ridden one. Lack of discipline is thought to encourage antisocial and aggressive tendencies. Others feel that the children of overprotective parents develop “passive-dependant personalities”. Everything must be done in moderation. It must be noted, however, that most of these conditions would not really qualify as mental disorders by most psychiatric standards. §2.

One theory that does deal with mental disorders was developed by George Bateson, a well-known anthropologist. Bateson and his colleagues attributed schizophrenia (#88) to the double bind some parents place on their children. For example, when a mother tells her son “I love you” but flinches or pulls away every time he touches her, the child receives two contradictory messages at the same time (#82) and becomes confused as to which one is true. As a result, he may come to mistrust and misinterpret normal communications and eventually become seriously disoriented. §3.

On the whole, however, the critics have not been kind to those who held early parental influences responsible for major mental disorders (#84). For one thing, they say that this approach is too vague about the exact conditions that cause mental disorders. Almost every family has some conditions that developmental theorists consider conducive to psychological disorder, but most children do not develop mental disorders. Moreover, many contemporary critics feel that this approach unfairly blames parents for everything that goes wrong with their children (#84), and that it produces unnecessary parental guilt and anxiety about whether or not they’ve fulfilled their roles as good parents. §4.


11

READING TEST READING TEST READING TEST 81. What according to the passage do children

need to mature? a. rigid standards b. a double bind c. parental love d. overprotective parents

82. What is a simple explanation of the

“double bind”? a. the inability to express feelings b. the lack of human contact c. not wanting to be touched d. saying one thing and acting in a contradictory manner 83. What is the meaning of the word

conducive in line 29? a. eliminating b. responsible c. explicit d. illuminating 84. What does the author claim is unfair? a. suffering from mental disorders b. blaming parents for everything that goes wrong with a child c. being seriously disoriented d. parental standards of discipline 85. What is the meaning of the word vague in

line 27? a. prominent b. elusive c. unclear d. condescending

86. What is the author’s attitude toward

mental disorders? a. They are caused by an unstable environment. b. They are found in the early

development stages. c. They are caused by lack of

communication. d. Parents should not be blamed for everything.

87. What is crucial to developing a healthy

mentality? a. strict discipline b. a healthy social environment c. little or no discipline d. having a dependant personality

88. Which mental disorder did George

Bateson deal with? a. schizophrenia b. disorientation c. communication disorders d. passiveness

89. At which point in the passage would

the following sentence best fit? “Were this the case, a great many people would be classified as having mental disorders”.

a. §1 b. §2 c. §3 d. §4


12


Parent – Child Relationship

This is one of the articles your teacher has provided as background reading for your assignment. Read it and answer the questions that follow.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

We usually assume that an innate characteristic of human beings is the close

and immediate attachment between the newborn child and its parents, especially its mother. Because abandonment or abuse of children seems to defy such beliefs, we are baffled by reports of widespread parental abuse of children. A look at the past may provide a different perspective of the present (#90).

According to some scholars, maternal indifference to infants may have been typical of the Middle Ages. There is evidence that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries parents showed little affection for their children, and anthropologist Edward Jackson argues that this indifference was probably typical among people of Western Europe, even in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The death of young children seems to have been accepted casually, and although overt infanticide was frowned upon, allowing children to die was sometimes encouraged, or at least tolerated (#92).

For example, in Western Europe it was common for mothers to leave infants at foundling hospitals or with rural wet nurses, both of which resulted in very high mortality rates (#94). Whether these practices were typically the result of economic desperation, the difficulty of raising an out-of-wedlock child, or lack of attachment to an infant is not clear, but many well-to-do married women casually chose to give their infants to wet nurses, despite the higher mortality risks. This clearly suggests that the reasons were not always economic difficulty nor the fear of social stigma (#93).

While the practice of open infanticide and child abandonment may have been relatively widespread in parts of Western Europe, it does not seem to have been prevalent in either England or America. Indeed, authorities in both those countries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries prosecuted infanticide cases more vigorously than other forms of murder. It seems that the practice of leaving infants with wet nurses went out of fashion in England by the end of the eighteenth century.

By the eighteenth century in Western Europe, parents were expressing more interest in their children and more affection for them, and by the nineteenth century, observers were beginning to criticize parents for being too child-centered (#96). Nevertheless, parents were still not prevented from abusing their own children, as long as it did not result in death.

Because the parent-child relationship was regarded as sacred and beyond State intervention, it was not until the late nineteenth century that reformers in England were able to persuade law-makers to pass legislation to protect children from abusive parents (#97). Ironically, efforts to prevent cruelty to animals preceded those to accomplish the same ends for children by nearly half a century.


13


90. Why does the author give us a look at past practices?

a. as proof of the mother/child attachment. b. to explain why people have children. c. to help solve child abuse. d. to shoot down the assumption we have of the child/parent attachment theory. 91. Which word is closest in meaning to the

word defy in line 3? a. go against b. support c. evoke d. acknowledge 92. What does the author say was tolerated in

the 16th and 17th centuries? a. infanticide b. letting a child die c. child abuse d. maternal indifference 93. What was the main reason Western

European mothers left their children to be raised at hospitals or by wet nurses?

a. They lacked the funds to raise them. b. They didn’t love their children. c. the social stigma of the un-wed mother d. Scholars aren’t really sure. 94. What was the problem with foundling

hospitals? a. Many children died there. b. They were very expensive. c. They placed a social stigma on the child raised there. d. Their methods were later prosecuted.

95. The phrase “well-to-do” in line 17 refers to _______________.

a. financial standing b. a person’s kind actions c. someone who helps others d. someone who is handy 96. What does the passage claim about 19th

century parents? a. They were self-centered b. They lavished too much love on their children c. They were critical parents d. They did not abuse their children 97. How were children protected from

abusive parents? a. They were not protected. b. Laws were passed to protect them. c. The parents were afraid of being criticized. d. They were taken to hospitals. 98. Why does the author use the word

“Ironically” in line 34? a. He finds it ironic that parents would harm their children. b. Cruelty to animal laws were passed before laws to protect children. c. He doesn’t believe the parent/child relationship is sacred. d. He finds reform ironic. 99. One can infer from the passage that

_______________. a. the author is trying to be ironic. b. the author blames women for child abuse. c. children should be protected. d. many children died in the 18th and 19th centuries.


14


The First Harvest Meal or Thanksgiving Celebration

Imagine you are taking a class in sociology. This is the introduction to a chapter on social functions and behavior. Read it and answer the questions which follow.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Thanksgiving, or the Harvest meal as it is also called, has become a symbol of cooperation and interaction between English colonists and Native Americans. Although this feast is considered by many to be the very first Thanksgiving celebration, it was actually in keeping with a long tradition of celebrating the harvest and giving thanks for a successful bounty of crops (#103). §1. Native American groups throughout the Americas, including the Pueblo, Cherokee, Creek and many others organized harvest festivals, ceremonial dances, and other celebrations of thanks for centuries before the arrival of Europeans in North America (#109).

Historians have also recorded other ceremonies of thanks among European settlers in North America, including British colonists in Berkeley Plantation, Virginia. At this site near the Charles River in December of 1619, a group of British settlers led by Captain John Woodlief knelt in prayer and pledged "Thanksgiving" to God for their healthy arrival after a long voyage across the Atlantic. This event has been acknowledged by some scholars and writers as the official first Thanksgiving among European settlers on record. Whether at Plymouth, Berkeley Plantation, or throughout the Americas, celebrations of thanks have held great meaning and importance over time (#100). The legacy of thanks, and particularly of the feast, have survived the centuries as people throughout the United States gather family, friends, and enormous amounts of food for their yearly Thanksgiving meal. §2.

It would be interesting to know what foods topped the table at the first harvest feast. Historians aren't completely certain about the full bounty, but it's safe to say the pilgrims weren't gobbling up pumpkin pie or playing with their mashed potatoes. At the time of the 1621 feast we know that the pilgrims did have game, turkeys, corn and squash. §3.

However, the only two items that historians know for sure were on the menu are venison and wild fowl, which are mentioned in primary sources. The most detailed description of the "First Thanksgiving" comes from Edward Winslow from A Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, in 1621. In the journal he explains how after the harvest had been gathered, the governor sent four men out fowl hunting. So “we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors.” (#104, #107). These four men in one day killed as much fowl as, the company needed for almost a week. They were joined in their celebrations by 90 Indians and their king Massasoit. The pilgrims entertained and feasted their guests for 3 days. In return, the Indians went out and killed five deer, which they brought to the plantation (#108) and bestowed upon the governor, the captain, and others. And although it was not always as plentiful as it was at that particular time, they celebrated the harvest and the goodness of God.

As Winslow wrote: “We are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty.”


15


100. According to the passage, which was the

first Thanksgiving? a. the one in Virginia b. the Plymouth Thanksgiving c. the one between English colonists and Native Americans d. it is not quite certain 101. What according to the passage is venison,

in line 26? a. a type of game bird b. deer meat c. another name for turkey d. a type of squash 102. At which point in the passage would the

following sentence fit best? “It is just as important a holiday as Christmas is”.

a. §1 b. §2 c. §3 d. §4 103. What according to the passage is

Thanksgiving? a. a celebration of thanks b. a family holiday c. a European holiday d. a Native American holiday 104. Who was Edward Winslow? a. a governor b. a hunter c. a pilgrim d. a famous historian

105. The author says in lines 21-22: “but it’s

safe to say the pilgrims weren’t gobbling up pumpkin pie or playing with their mashed potatoes”. This refers to ________________.

a. the pilgrim’s eating habits b. our lack of table manners c. how we eat d. what was not on the first Thanksgiving

menu 106. The word feast in line 17 is closest in

meaning to ________________. a. holiday b. celebration c. feat d. expectations 107. The expression “after we had gathered

the fruit of our labors” refers to ________________.

a. having picked the fruit b. working as laborers c. having collected the harvest d. having gathered everyone together 108. How did the Indians repay their hosts? a. by hunting fowl b. by entertaining the pilgrims c. by honoring the governor d. by hunting venison 109. What does the author claim about the

Native Americans? a. They had Thanksgiving celebrations before the pilgrims came. b. They cooperated amongst themselves. c. They learned about Thanksgiving from the pilgrims. d. They were better hunters than the pilgrims.


16


Hospitals

At your doctor’s office you see this article in a medical magazine. It catches your interest so you read it. After reading it, answer the questions that follow.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

Hospitals were originally hospices, a place of refuge where the poor could go and die. Not until modern times did the hospital become a place where sick and injured people were given medical treatment. Today hospitals are the nerve centers of the medical profession. A hospital determines which physicians will be allowed to use the hospital and thus which patients will be admitted. Some hospitals are deeply involved in teaching and research, and an increasing number offer a wide range of outpatient services through clinics and emergency rooms. §1

In most industrialized nations, hospitals are either owned directly by the government or are operated under tight governmental controls. In the United States the ownership and control of hospital services rests in many different hands. The federal government has special hospitals for military personnel and veterans, and many countries operate their own hospital systems, which often carry a heavy share of the burden of providing health care for the poor. Most hospitals, however, are owned by such diverse private groups as universities, religious organizations, physicians, health plans, and charities. Of all types, the fastest growing are the large corporate hospital chains. §2

This trend toward corporate ownership has had some beneficial effects. Hospital chains often provide more comfort and convenience for patients and have introduced computerized billing facilities and other efficient management practices (#119). Moreover, many of these chains have set up “emergency centers” in suburban malls and business districts that often provide faster and more convenient care at lower cost than traditional health care services. §3

Yet on the whole, this trend is a worrisome one (#118). One fear arises from the shift in control that goes with corporate ownership. Traditional hospitals are usually run by their physicians, but the corporate chains are controlled by professional managers who are likely to have far less understanding of medical practice and the needs of patients (#113). The greatest concerns, however, center on finances. Although the corporate hospitals provide more services to patients, they also charge higher rates than the traditional nonprofit hospitals. Moreover the corporate hospitals have tended to ignore the enormous health care needs of the poor and focus on the people with good health insurance who are already well cared for. These hospitals have often been charged with performing “wallet biopsies” before admitting any patient who does not have a dire need for emergency care. Even the lower-cost emergency-care centers often take Visa and MasterCard but not Medicaid (the government health care program for the poor). Defenders of the corporate hospitals argue that they have no more responsibility to provide free services to the poor than any other business (#115), and that it is up to the nonprofit hospitals to carry that cost (#116). The problem with that argument is that the corporate hospitals are skimming off the most lucrative business that the nonprofit hospitals once used to cover their losses from treating the poor. As a result, more and more nonprofit hospitals are going bankrupt (#120) – often to be bought up by the corporate chain and closed to the poor. That, of course, creates acute overcrowding (#117) and an inevitable decline in the quality of care at those hospitals that still try to meet the needs of all people. §4


17


110. What does this passage deal with? a. government run hospitals b. changing hospital trends c. modern Medicaid d. ideal emergency hospitalization 111. At which point in the passage would the

following sentence best fit? “Even those who can not afford to pay for such needs.”

a. §1 b. §2 c. §3 d. §4 112. What is the author’s attitude at the end of

the passage? a. one of discouragement b. one of acute optimism c. one of total indifference d. one of heavy responsibility 113. What is true about hospitals run by

professional managers? a. They cater to the poor. b. They have better doctors. c. They lack the ability to understand patient needs. d. They have low profit expectations. 114. What are “wallet biopsies” referred to in

line 32? a. having to pay for a biopsy b. making sure someone has Medicaid c. making sure emergency cases are treated first d. checking out a person’s financial

condition before giving him healthcare

115. What is true about corporately owned

hospitals? a. They do extensive research. b. They are managerially ineffective. c. They are run like any other business. d. They have become overcrowded.

116. What according to the author did the

earlier hospitals not do? a. make a profit b. research c. teach d. offer emergency services 117. What has happened to the original

hospitals? a. They no longer teach. b. They have become overcrowded. c. Research funds have been cut. d. They no longer treat emergencies. 118. What is the author’s attitude toward

corporately owned hospitals? a. He is in favor of them. b. He likes them because they are cheap. c. He is skeptical about them. d. He likes their efficiency. 119. What might corporate hospitals be

compared to? a. the original hospices b. expensive retreats c. efficient offices d. emergency centers 120. What is one result corporate hospitals

have produced? a. They are providing better medical care. b. The poor are getting better care. c. Medical care is now faster. d. They are bankrupting nonprofit hospitals.

THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST. YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO WORK ON

PREVIOUS SECTIONS. PLEASE WAIT FOR FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS.

18

SPEAKING SPEAKING SPEAKING

TEST 3

Description

What is the best book you ever read? Why?

What is your least favorite food?

Who is your favorite singer?

Narration A story related to:

a time your parents wouldn’t agree to something you really wanted

the worst day of your life

some kind of award or prize or contest you won

Supported Opinion

What do you think you’ll be doing 10 years from now?

What do you think makes a good friend?

What is it that drives people to want to be famous?

writing writing writing test 3 instructions:...

Documents