WSNWSN

Done By:Done By:3bdulRa7man Al7arthi3bdulRa7man Al7arthi

Mo7mad AlHudaibMo7mad AlHudaibMoh7amad Ba7emedMoh7amad Ba7emed

Wireless Sensors Network

Outline of WSNOutline of WSN

Definition.Definition. Applications of WSN.Applications of WSN. How does WSN work?How does WSN work? Characteristics of WSN.Characteristics of WSN.

1.Definition1.Definition

DefinitionDefinition::

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer network consisting of large computer network consisting of large number of small devices distributed in number of small devices distributed in different placesdifferent places

Sensor NodesSensor Nodes::

What it doesWhat it does::sense, process data , communicatesense, process data , communicate to each otherto each other

Consist ofConsist of::radio transceiver ,a small controllerradio transceiver ,a small controller

, , an energy sourcean energy source

Size and CostSize and Cost::ranging (shoebox- sized and a grainranging (shoebox- sized and a grain

dust).Varying (hundreds of dollarsdust).Varying (hundreds of dollars and few cents(depend on complixcity and size)and few cents(depend on complixcity and size)))

2.Applications of 2.Applications of WSNWSN

Common taskCommon taskmonitoring physical and environmental monitoring physical and environmental conditions such as (temperature, sound, conditions such as (temperature, sound, vibration or pressure) at different locationsvibration or pressure) at different locations

Many fieldsMany fields:: - -Civilian applicationsCivilian applications

- -Healthcare applicationsHealthcare applications

- -Environmental monitoringEnvironmental monitoring

- -home automationhome automation

monitoring, tracking and controllingmonitoring, tracking and controlling

ExampleExample (monitor area) (monitor area)

Typical applicationsTypical applications::

3.How does WSN 3.How does WSN work? work?

WSN PartsWSN Parts

Nodes sensor.Nodes sensor. WSN Gateway.WSN Gateway. Server.Server. Local Terminal.Local Terminal.

Nodes SensorNodes Sensor::

Consist of :Consist of : Radio Transceiver or any other wireless Radio Transceiver or any other wireless

communications.communications. Data memory.Data memory. Small microcontroller. and Small microcontroller. and Energy source ”usually a battery”.Energy source ”usually a battery”.

Nodes SensorsNodes Sensors

When these nodes sense any movement or any When these nodes sense any movement or any change, they should report it as a message to change, they should report it as a message to the server through WSN Gateway. This is the server through WSN Gateway. This is called Upstream.called Upstream.

The server sends orders to nodes and ask them The server sends orders to nodes and ask them to do appropriate response. This is called to do appropriate response. This is called Downstream. Downstream.

WSN GatewayWSN Gateway

Gateway is important because it is a device Gateway is important because it is a device where we can connect these nodes sensor to where we can connect these nodes sensor to the internet.the internet.

Gateway is the only component between these Gateway is the only component between these nodes which has an IP address.nodes which has an IP address.

ServerServer

There are two way to connect the server to There are two way to connect the server to these nodes through gateway:these nodes through gateway: Ethernet.Ethernet. Wi-Fi.Wi-Fi.

Data that is collected from nodes sensors are Data that is collected from nodes sensors are saved into the server and can be access them saved into the server and can be access them either as a web-page or as a database.either as a web-page or as a database.

Local TerminalsLocal Terminals

Desktops.Desktops. PDAs.PDAs. Mobiles.Mobiles.

Big Picture of WSNBig Picture of WSN

Big Picture of WSNBig Picture of WSN

4.Characteristics.4.Characteristics.

4.4. Characteristics: Characteristics: PowerPower SecuritySecurity MACMAC ROUTINGROUTING

Reliability Reliability Integration with wake/sleep schedules Integration with wake/sleep schedules Unicast, multicast and anycast semantics Unicast, multicast and anycast semantics Real-TimeReal-Time Mobility Mobility Voids Voids Security Security Congestion Congestion

Long Time Life.Long Time Life. Pair of AA BatteryPair of AA Battery Mobile phones live for few days without Mobile phones live for few days without

charging……..power consumption in charging……..power consumption in milliamps rangemilliamps range

While it is in micro amps rangeWhile it is in micro amps range HOW?HOW?

Hardware Hardware -Software-Software

PowerPower

PowerPower

Hardware LevelHardware Level

Solar cellSolar cell

Mechanical Energy (motion, wind)Mechanical Energy (motion, wind)

More batteries, if size and form are not problemsMore batteries, if size and form are not problems

Multiple states of power (ON-OFF-IDLE)Multiple states of power (ON-OFF-IDLE)

PowerPower

Software Level:Software Level:

Minimizing communicationsMinimizing communications well implemented protocols and algorithms well implemented protocols and algorithms

Schedule sleep/wake-up patternsSchedule sleep/wake-up patterns Some nodes are active in a period of time Some nodes are active in a period of time RotationRotation

SecuritySecurity

Encryption and Authentication Encryption and Authentication

EncryptionEncryption keykey

MACMAC

Media Access Control Media Access Control MAC protocols control the actions over the MAC protocols control the actions over the

shared media of connectivity.shared media of connectivity. In case the channel:In case the channel:

is busy.is busy. There is collisionThere is collision

Doze ModeDoze Mode

ROUTINGROUTING

Discover the neighborhoodDiscover the neighborhood Build a table consist of: Build a table consist of:

IDID Geographic locationGeographic location remaining energy,remaining energy, quality of the link and quality of the link and delay via that nodedelay via that node

In the next few slides some key issuesIn the next few slides some key issues

RoutingRouting

Reliability Reliability Quality indexQuality index -delivery ratio-delivery ratio

Integration with wake/sleep schedules:Integration with wake/sleep schedules: doze modedoze mode no transmitting to a sleep node.no transmitting to a sleep node.

RoutingRouting

Unicast, multicast and anycast semantics: Unicast, multicast and anycast semantics: massage may include an ID with a specific unicast massage may include an ID with a specific unicast

node or the nearest one to the geographic destination node or the nearest one to the geographic destination area multicast (around destination)area multicast (around destination) Any node in the destination areaAny node in the destination area

Real-Time::Real-Time:: Hard to guaranteeHard to guarantee The main factor is velocityThe main factor is velocity

RoutingRouting

Mobility : Mobility : ComplicatedComplicated Keep trackingKeep tracking

Voids:Voids: No forwarding nodeNo forwarding node Path around itPath around it

RoutingRouting

Security:Security: ????????

Congestion :Congestion : Nowadays, not criticalNowadays, not critical Maybe in base stationMaybe in base station Solution (decrease data rate, ignore less important Solution (decrease data rate, ignore less important

messages)messages)

Thank for paying attention.Thank for paying attention.Please ask if there is something not Please ask if there is something not

clearclear..