Carbon 5 : A PreviewNext-generation WSO2 Carbon Platform

Sameera JayasomaSoftware ArchitectWSO2

Carbon 5 (C5)

• Next-generation WSO2 Carbon platform. • Completely re-architected to keep up with the

technology changes.• Light-weight Carbon kernel providing a componentized

server development framework.• To provide a streamlined and even more powerful

middleware platform than ever.• Supports multi-tenancy and autoscaling

Why C5?

• Carbon 4.x and previous versions enabled us to build an enterprise-grade middleware platform with 20+ products to date.

• Started way back in 2008, Carbon revolutionized WSO2’s middleware space.

But it’s time to make a change. why?

Why C5?...

• Common message model is SOAP Infoset

• XML is more native than JSON.

• Tight coupling with,• e.g. Apache Axis2, • Apache Synapse. • Server building concepts are from Axis2. Removing these

couplings is not easy, hence require a Major release of the Carbon platform and it will not be compatible with previous releases.

• In-JVM multitenancy is not optimal for runtime isolation.

History of Carbon

Carbon Platform Releases

• Carbon Product = Subset of platform features + Carbon kernel.

• All products belong to a single platform release are compatible with each other.

• Platform releases are named after Turing award winners. e.g. next carbon platform is called Hamming.

Carbon Platform

• OSGi and P2 gives modularity and composability to the platform.

• Carbon Kernel - base runtime.• Set of core features for

middleware products.• Middleware features• Carbon products as packaged

collections of features

Carbon Kernel - 5.0.0

• Light-weight base runtime for the next generation WSO2 Carbon Platform.

• Modularity and composability are inherited from OSGi : Dynamic module system for Java and Equinox P2 (Provisioning platform for OSGi based applications)

• Carbon Kernel features• Composable Server Architecture• Transport Management• OSGi Startup order resolver• Artifact Deployment Engine• Managed runtime model.

Carbon Kernel Architecture

Composable Server Architecture

Souce: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composability

Composable Server Architecture...

• Composable middleware system vs “Suite” of products.• provides a consistent solution to cross-cutting functions,

usability, manageability etc.

• Benefits of adopting OSGi + P2 .

• Carbon Feature Plugin.• To build features, products, products with multiple

profiles, mix-and-match components, etc.

Managed Transports

• Transports in a Carbon based product can be managed centrally.

• Maintenance mode concept to handle upgrades.

• New transports can be plugged in easily.• Implement the org.wso2.carbon.kernel.transports.CarbonTransports

interface and register it as an OSGi service at runtime.

• Start all the transports once all the transport services are available and once the server is ready to serve requests.

Managed Transports...

Artifact Deployment Engine

• Manages the artifact deployment in Carbon based products.

• Scheduler : Responsible for the scheduling the deployment tasks periodically.

• Repository Scanner : Scans deployer directories for artifact updates.

• DeployerServiceListener : An OSGi service component, which listens to deployer registrations/unregistrations from other components (CustomDeployers) at run-time.

• Periodically checks the repository for changes and invoke relevant deployers

Startup Order Resolver

• Startup order resolving mechanisms in OSGi.

• In Carbon, these standard mechanisms are not enough.

• Intra-component dependencies• e.g. all transports need to be initialized only when all of

them are ready.

• Inter-component dependencies.• e.g all transports should be started after all the deployers

are initialized.

Startup Order Resolver

• Provided-Capability vs Require-Capability.

• Declaring the capabilities provided by your bundles

a. Using the Provide-Capability OSGi MANIFEST header

b. Implementing the CapabilityProvider and providing it as an OSGi service

Execution Multi-tenancy with Containers

• Issues with in-container multi-tenancy (in-JVM)• Isolation is very hard to achieve. One application can interfere

with another application in many ways.

• Even though in-container multi-tenancy claims to optimize resource utilization with higher tenant density, it has many other limitations.

• Container based multi-tenancy provides true isolation compared to in-container multi-tenancy.

Docker and Kubernetes for Scalability and multi-tenancy

• Not for static scale deployments without execution multi-tenancy.

• C5 marries a PaaS framework for scalability and multi-tenancy

• Moving away from Apache Stratos to Kubernetes as default PaaS framework

• K8S namespaces for multi-tenancy

• K8S elastic scaling (work in progress)

WSO2 Microservices Server 1.0.0

• A lightweight, high performance microservices runtime

• One of the first products to be released with Carbon kernel 5.0.0.

• Reusable lightweight micro service engine.

• Multiple modes: Standalone, Server mode

• Leverages Deployment engine, Transport framework and startup order resolver from kernel.

WSO2 Gateway 1.0.0

• High-performance, lightweight, and configuration-driven message gateway

• Another product to be released with Carbon kernel 5.0.0.

• Protocol handling layers and message processing layers are fully decoupled

• Leverages the Transport framework in Kernel with support from startup order resolver.

• Foundation for the upcoming series of WSO2 Gateway* products. e.g. WSO2 API Gateway, WSO2 File Gateway, WSO2 Security Gateway etc.

WSO2 Application Server 6.0.0

• App Server architecture moving from “Carbon underneath” to “Carbon as needed”

• Issues in migrating from Tomcat to WSO2 AS.• Classloading complexities etc.

• WSO2 AS 6.0.0 = Apache Tomcat + Libraries to leverage WSO2 Platform features.

• Security, SSO, DAS integration, classloading improvements etc.

• OSGified Tomcat will be available as a middleware feature for webapp hosting within a Carbon 5.0.0 runtime

Carbon Kernel 5.0.0 - Release Plan

• We released alpha last week. Just before the con :)

• Download alpha version from https://github.com/wso2/carbon-kernel/releases/tag/v5.0.0-alpha.

• Source code is available in https://github.com/wso2/carbon-kernel/tree/5.0.x

• GA will be released in December 2015 with product-mss and product-gw.

Thank You