DOMINANT WASTE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES IN EUROPE

MARTIN BRUNNER – RAMBOLL

RAMBOLL GROUPOVERVIEW

• Founded in 1945 by two Danish engineers

• Today employing more than 12,500 ambitious experts

• Turnover > € 900 million

• Owned by a foundation,not controlled by commercial interests and shareholders

RAMBOLL WASTE-TO-ENERGYOVERVIEW

• More than 30 ongoing and over 100 completed projects in 30 countries around the world

• Leading consultant and owners engineer within Waste-to-Energy in Northern Europe

• Over 60 WtE specialists in hubs in Copenhagen, London and Zürich

• Project office in Hyderabad started 2012

WASTE-TO-ENERGYTHE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

WASTE AND WASTE TREATMENTSITUATION IN EUROPE

48’101

34’504

32’507

32’500

28’006

25’090

12’05310’107

8’507

5’496

5’277

5’460

5’154

4’941

4’590

4’486

4’312

3’561

3’310

2’953

2’562

2’269

Quelle:Eurostat, Zahlenbasis Jahr 2009

Therm.Behandlung

Recycling

Deponie

Total wastein 1000 t/a

Page 66

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%Li

thua

nia

Bulg

aria

Gre

ece

Turk

ey

Rom

ania

Esto

nia

Irela

nd

Pola

nd

Cro

atia

Slov

enia

Latv

ia

Spai

n

Hun

gary UK

Finl

and

Italy

Slov

akia

Cze

ch R

ep

Nor

way

Portu

gal

Aust

ria

Ger

man

y

Net

herla

nds

Belg

ium

Fran

ce

Luxe

mbo

urg

Switz

erla

nd

Swed

en

Den

mar

k

RecyclingLandfillThermal Treatment

ENERGY FROM WASTE DOES NOT COMPETE AGAINST RECYCLING!

1995Mio t/a

2009Mio t/a

Waste to Energy 31 51Recycling 22 59Green waste compost/biogas 13 45Landfill 141 96Total 207 251

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN EUROPEDEVELOPMENT IN THE EU

Approx. 450 WtE plants in operation

Collection + TransportTreatmentDisposal

59%29%

12%

Vienna106 €/capita/a0.4 % of GNP

82%

9%9%

Damascus3.8 €/capita/a0.28 % of GDP

90%

0%10%

Dhaka0.7 €/capita/a0.18 % of GDP

COST OF WASTE MANAGEMENT(SOURCE: P.H. BRUNNER, J. FELLNER, TU WIEN)

29% 8% 0.4%

10

INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT:REDUCE THE WASTE, CLOSE PRODUCT AND ENERGY CYCLE

HouseholdProduction• Power plant• Industry

Landfill

EU 43% CH 0%

Energyfrom

Waste

Energy Waste

EU 19%CH 50%

Product

EnergyEnergy

raw material

Recycling

Ressources

EU 38%CH 50%

Waste

WtE offsets CO2from power production

WtE saves up to 2 t CO2 per

treated t of waste

WtE eliminates Methane emissions

from Landfill

Page 11

ENERGY FROM WASTE –ENERGY FOR THE FUTURE

Conservation of Ressourcesas coal, oil, gas

Based on energy content of Indian waste

2 t waste = 1 t peat

3 t waste = 1 t wood

5 t waste = 1 t coal

7 t waste = 1 t oil

Climate protection by eliminating Methan from landfill as well as replacing fossile fuels

0,4 MWhelectricity

1.000 kg waste

The waste of5 householdssupplies

1 household

with electricity

Page 12

AE&E EfW Presentation

ENERGY FROM WASTE MEANS

maximum reduction of pollutants in waste not leaving a burdens for future generations

maximum volume reduction of waste protection of land resources

efficient energy production at low emission rates substitution fossil fuels

eliminate methane emissions from landfillsreduction of greenhouse effect

Enable efficient metal recovery component of a sustainable recycling economy

RAMBOLL PROJECTS WORLDWIDE

Ramboll WTE

OSLO, NORWAY • New waste-to-energy facility

• 160,000 tpa

• Taken over end 2011

LUCERNE,SWITZERLAND

• New green field 200,000 tpa WtE plant • CHP: The plant will produce electricity as well

heat - as mainly for paper production.• Commissioning: 2015

Ramboll WTE

ISLE OF MAN • Green-field waste-to-energy facility:70,000 tpa

• Commissioning: 2004

ARC, COPENHILLCOPENHAGEN, DENMARK

• Green-field WtE facility, close to the city centre

• Capacity: 2 x 280,000 tpa

• Very high energy efficiency

• Commissioning: 2016

FORTUM, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN

• Brown-field waste-to-energy facility

• 240,000 tpa

• Commissioning: 2013

SYSAV, MALMÖ, SWEDEN

• Two new units and retrofit of two existing units

• 2 x 210,000 tpa + 2 x 96,000 tpa

• Commissioning: 2008 + 2003

VAASA, FINLAND • Green-field waste-to-energy facility

• 160,000 tpa

• Commissioning: 2013

FAIRY TALES AND FACTS ONWTE IN EUROPE

2012Berliner Abfallwirtschafts- und Energiekonferenz

2013Uhlig-Symposium

A ‘fact’ which

– although not documented

or proven –

is believed and repeatedly told.

FAIRY TALES & FACTSWHAT IS A FAIRY TALE?

FAIRY TALES & FACTSFAIRY TALE NO. 1

2013Uhlig-Symposium

“Waste-to-Energy is always a public nuisance and the objective of public refusal.”

The facts:

• In most European cities WtE plants are in the immediate neighborhood of residential areas.

• During a referendum, 75% of Zurich’s population voted for the extension of the WtE plant in the center of the city.

NÜRNBERG, GERMANY

BERGEN, NORWAY

BERN, SWITZERLAND

ZURICH HAGENHOLZ, SWITZERLAND

ZURICH JOSEFSTRASSE, SWITZERLAND

ZURICH, SWITZERLAND

FAIRY TALES & FACTSFAIRY TALE NO. 2

“A WtE plant produces Dioxins and pollutes the environment.”

The facts:

• A WtE plant destroys the Dioxins contained in the waste

• 1 kg of waste burning on a landfill produces more Dioxins than 1’000 kg of waste treated in a WtEplant.

DIOXIN EMISSIONS IN GERMANY

FAIRY TALES & FACTSFAIRY TALE NO. 3

“Waste composting is a environmentally friendly waste treatment process.”

The facts:

• Europe has over 30 years “tradition” of unsuccessful waste composting.

• Waste composting has only worked for source segregated green waste

• Besides massive emission to air, marketing of compost is the main obstacle

Page 33AE&E EfW Presentation

EMISSIONS PER TON OF WASTE REDUCED ENERGY FROM WASTE COMPARED TO WASTE COMPOSTING

Substance unit EfW Composting

Mercury ug 34 43

Cadmium ug 180 309

Benzene ug < 13 2‘700

PCB‘s ng 39 240

PAH ng 1300 33‘000

Dioxins pg 650 80

Source: Dr. Lahl

FAIRY TALES & FACTSFAIRY TALE NO. 4

“Mass burning is technology of the past. Pyrolysis and gasification are the future.”

The facts:

• Europe has over 30 years “tradition” of unsuccessful waste pyrolysis and gasification.

• In the 90’s more around 4 billion Euro were invested in technologies and plants. None of these plants are working today

• The cost of operation “novel technologies” is at least double the one of mass burning.

• T

RECENT NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

RECENT????

THE “3 NO” CLAIMS OF “ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES”

IN THE 90’S IN EUROPE

1. No Incineration2. No Emissions3. No Residues

Not a claim, but the reality4. No Success

TODAY THE “ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES” ARE

“PAST TECHNOLOGIES”Process No Lines Total

capacity (t/d)

Status 2011

Siemens Pyrolysis 2 600 DismantledThermoselect Gasification 5 1200 DismantledVon Roll Pyrolysis 1 30 RebuiltNoell Gasification 2 100 DismantledMGC Plasma 1 12 Closed

Total capital destroyed: approx. 4 Billion Euro

EXTINCT ”ADVANCED PROCESSES” SIEMENS PYROLYSIS

Page 38

2011International Symposium on Solid Waste Management

EXTINCT ”ADVANCED PROCESSES” VON ROLL PYROLYSIS

EXTINCT ”ADVANCED PROCESSES” NOELL GASIFICATION

Page 40

2011International Symposium on Solid Waste Management

EXTINCT ”ADVANCED PROCESSES” MGC PLASMA

Page 41

2011International Symposium on Solid Waste Management

EXTINCT ”ADVANCED PROCESSES”THERMOSELECT

2014Berliner Abfallwirtschafts- und Energiekonferenz

EXTINCT ”ADVANCED PROCESSES”THERMOSELECT

GREAT TECHNOLOGY

A TYPICAL EUROPEAN WTE PLANT

46

FURNACE AND GRATE SYSTEM

INCINERATION PEOPLE ARE GRATE LOVERS!

A CONCEPT SUITABLE FOR INDIAN WASTE

THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS FOR WTE

Considerations for low Waste Heat Values

• Large grate area, mechanical load ≤ 250 kg/m2h

• High air preheating temperature:

• Primary air up to 290°C

• Preheating of secondary air

• Minimised heat losses in furnace, adiabatic combustion chamber

FAIRY TALES & FACTSSUMMARY & CONCLUSION• There is no “single perfect process” for waste

management.

• Waste management is always the combination of

• Reuse

• Source segregation

• Recycling

• Waste-to-Energy

• Final disposal

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Uhlig-Symposium2013