wusrsduhg jhwdv hg dhg hfwxìh vduls0dx1h1k1qx1ds1ohlqv...

48

Upload: others

Post on 23-Mar-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

Udssruw gh vwdjh gh GHD h�hfwxì

dx O1S1Q1K1H10Sdulv dx vhlq gx jurxsh

Slhuuh DXJHU

Sdu

Kdurog PDULRQ

vrxv od gluhfwlrq gh

Pxudw ERUDWDY ) Slhuuh ELOORLU

55 mxlq 5333

Page 2: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

5

Page 3: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

����� ��� ������

Lqwurgxfwlrq 8

4 Oh surmhw Slhuuh Dxjhu1 :

414 Shwlw klvwrultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :

415 Ohv hqmhx{ vflhqwl�txhv1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :

416 Xq shx gh sk|vltxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ;

41614 Suìvhqwdwlrq ghv wudydx{ wkìrultxhv1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 43

41615 Ohv pìfdqlvphv g*dffìoìudwlrq +Erwwrp0Xs,1 1 1 1 1 1 43

41616 Ohv pìfdqlvphv gh gìvlqwìjudwlrq +Wrs0Grzq,1 1 1 1 1 47

417 Od frxsxuh J]N1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 48

418 Oh wudqvsruw ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 49

5 O*revhuydwrluh Slhuuh Dxjhu1 4<

514 O*h�hw Fhuhqnry1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4<

515 Oh gìwhfwhxu1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 53

51514 Xq gìwhfwhxu k|eulgh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 54

51515 Oh gìwhfwhxu ã fxyhv Fhuhqnry1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 55

51516 Oh gìwhfwhxu ã xruhvfhqfh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 55

6 Oh gìexw gx vwdjh1 56

614 Oh orjlflho gh vlpxodwlrq DLUHV1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 56

615 Oh orjlflho rulhqwì remhw URRW= 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5:

616 H{hpsohv gh jhueh dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5;

7 Oh frpswdjh gh pxrqv1 6<

714 Srxutxrl frpswhu ohv pxrqvB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6<

715 Uhfkhufkh ghv pxrqv gdqv xq vljqdo vlpxoì gh fxyhv gl�ìuhqwhv1 6<

71514 Dqdo|vh ghv �fklhuv gh vlpxodwlrqv gh vljqdo1 1 1 1 1 1 73

71515 Yìul�fdwlrq gh od fruuhvsrqgdqfh dyhf od wkìrulh1 1 1 1 74

71516 Frq�updwlrq gh od gl!fxowì gh glvfhuqhu hqwuh jhuehv

gh sulpdluhv gl�ìuhqwv1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 75

Frqfoxvlrq 7:

6

Page 4: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

7 WDEOH GHV PDWLËUHV

Dydqw sursrv1

Fh udssruw gh G1H1D1 hvw idlw hq ghx{ sduwlhv1 Od suhplëuh v*dwwdfkh ã

sduohu gx surmhw Dxjhu hq idlvdqw xq euhi klvwrultxh/ xq vxuyro ghv hqmhx{

vflhqwl�txhv hw gh fh txh fhw revhuydwrluh yd dssruwhu ã od sk|vltxh ghv dvw0

ursduwlfxohv1 Lo | d dxvvl xq euhi fdwdorjxh ghv gl�ìuhqwhv vrxufhv vxssrvìhv

gh fhv remhwv iruwv h{rwltxhv1 Wrxw fhfl hxw pìulwì elhq plhx{ txh od wuhq0

wdlqh gh sdjhv gx suìvhqw pìprluh1 Od vhfrqgh sduwlh h{srvh fh txh m*dl idlw

gxudqw od sìulrgh gx vwdjh dx vhlq gx jurxsh Dxjhu dx O1S1Q1K1H10Sdulv1

Od uìgdfwlrq gh fh udssruw d ìwì idlwh dyhf ODWH[1

Page 5: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

��������

O*revhuydwrluh Slhuuh Dxjhu4 hvw xq gìwhfwhxu gh ud|rqv frvpltxhv g*xowud0

kdxwh ìqhujlh1 Lo idlw dssho ã ghv whfkqrorjlhv pxowlsohv txl qìfhvvlwhqw ghv

ìtxlshv soxulglvflsolqdluhv1 Fhod uhsuìvhqwh xqh ylqjwdlqh gh sd|v hw ghx{

fhqwv sk|vlflhqv hw lqjìqlhxuv1 Ghx{ oderudwrluhv gh o*lq5s6 +O1S1Q1K1H10

Sdulv hw oh O1S1F1F10FgI, rqw frpph uhvsrqvdelolwìv od suìsdudwlrq gh o*dqd0

o|vh hw o*dftxlvlwlrq ghv grqqìhv gx gìwhfwhxu dx vhlq gh od frooderudwlrq1

Ohv ud|rqv frvpltxhv tx*ìwxglh o*revhuydwrluh vrqw ohv vhxov pr|hqv g*lq0

irupdwlrq gluhfwh vxu ohv pìfdqlvphv wuëv ìqhujìwltxhv gh o*xqlyhuv txl ohv rqw

surgxlwv1 F*hvw xq grpdlqh gh o*dvwursk|vltxh txl ìfkdssh ã od frppxqdxwì

vflhqwl�txh ghsxlv soxv gh 63 dqv1 Rxwuh oh idlw gh frpsuhqguh frpphqw xqh

sduwlfxoh plfurvfrsltxh shxw dyrlu xqh ìqhujlh pdfurvfrsltxh/ rq v*lqwìuhvvh

dxvvl ã vd qdwxuh1

F*hvw vxu fh srlqw txh prq vwdjh hvw edvì/ dsuhv xq whpsv g*dgdswd0

wlrq srxu ph idploldulvhu dyhf ohv orjlflho hw gìfrxyulu fh txh vrqw ohv jhuehv

dwprvskìultxhv1 Hoohv vrqw gl�ìuhqwhv vhorq od qdwxuh gx sulpdluh1 Hq sdu0

wlfxolhu od sursruwlrq gh pxrqv ydulh1 Rq fkhufkh grqf ã gìwhuplqhu fhwwh

yduldwlrq ã sduwlu gh vlpxodwlrqv gh jhuehv hw gx frpsruwhphqw gx gìwhf0

whxu dx vro1 Hqvxlwh lo idxw wurxyhu hw rswlplvhu xq pr|hq gh uhfrqqdñwuh

ohv pxrqv ã sduwlu gx vljqdo vlpxoì/ sxlv gh yìul�hu vl od glvwlqfwlrq gh od

4Slhuuh DXJHU= qì ã Sdulv hq 4;<</ lo d gìfrxyhuw ohv jhuehv jìdqwhv gxhv dx{ ud|rq0

qhphqwv frvpltxhv dlqvl txh o*ìplvvlrq g*xq ìohfwurq sdu xq dwrph fkdqjhdqw gh qlyhdx

g*h{lwdwlrq +h�hw Dxjhu gìfrxyhuw hq 4<58,1 Hq 4<6;/ S1Dxjhu d srvlwlrqqì ghv gìwhfwhxuvgh sduwlfxohv vìsduìv gh soxvlhxuv pëwuhv hq kdxw ghv Doshv hw frqvwdwì o*duulyìh gh sox0

vlhxuv sduwlfxohv dx píph prphqw1 Lo d gìfrxyhuw ohv jhuehv jìdqwhv gh sduwlfxohv/ idlwhv

ghv vrxv surgxlwv gh sduwlfxohv lqlwldohv ìwdqw hqwuì hq froolvlrq dyhf ohv proìfxohv gh o*dw0prvskëuh1 Hq hvwlpdqw o*ìwhqgxh lo hq gìgxlw xqh ìqhujlh gx sulpdluh gh 43�D hY/ vrlw gl{

ploolrqv gh irlv soxv ìqhujìwltxh tx*dxfxqh dxwuh frqqxh ã vrq ìsrtxh1

8

Page 6: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

9 LQWURGXFWLRQ

sduwlfxoh sulpdluh hvw idlvdeoh1

Page 7: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

Fkdslwuh 4

�� ����� ����� ������

414 Shwlw klvwrultxh1

Hq 4<45/ Ylfwru Khvv hppëqh xqh fkdpeuh ã lrqlvdwlrq ã kdxwh dowlwxgh ã

erug g*xq edoorq1 Fhooh fl hquhjlvwuh xqh dfwlylwì gìfurlvvdqwh mxvtx*d 5333

p/ fh txl fruuhvsrqg ã od udgldwlrq qdwxuhooh suryhqdqw gh od Whuuh1 Dx ghoã/

o*dfwlylwì uhfrpphqfh ã furñwuh grxfhphqw/ hw fhw dffurlvvhphqw hvw g*dx0

wdqw soxv iruw txh oh edoorq dwwhlqw vrq dowlwxgh pd{lpxp gh 8683 p1 Lo

frqfoxw txh fhwwh dfwlylwì furlvvdqwh hvw gxh ã ghv sduwlfxohv hqwudqw gdqv

o*dwprvskëuh hq suryhqdqfh gh o*hvsdfh1 Lo uhqrxyhod o*h{sìulhqfh oruv g*xqh

ìfolsvh hw qh qrwd sdv gh edlvvh gh o*dfwlylwì/ lo hq gìgxlw txh fhv udgldwlrqv

qh yhqdlhqw sdv gx Vrohlo1 D od �q ghv dqqìhv wuhqwh/ Slhuuh Dxjhu d idlw

o*k|srwkëvh txh ohv sduwlfxohv gìwhfwìhv dx vro hw whpsruhoohphqw fruuìoìhv/

ìwdlhqw ohv vrxv surgxlwv g*xqh jhueh jìdqwh lvvxh g*xqh vhxoh sduwlfxoh lql0

wldoh1 Lo gìgxlw gh od wdlooh ghv jhuehv/ txh ohv sduwlfxohv sulpdluhv rqw xqh

ìqhujlh g*xq plqlpxp gh 43�DhY1 D o*ìsrtxh dxfxq pìfdqlvph frqqx qh

srxydlw h{soltxhu fhod41

Oh surmhw Dxjhu hvw lvvx g*xqh vìulh gh uìxqlrqv gh wudydlo ã Sdulv +4<<5,/

Dgìodògh +4<<6,/ Wrn|r +4<<6, hw �qdohphqw dx Ihuplode hq 4<<81 F*hvw oh

iuxlw g*xqh frooderudwlrq g*xqh ylqjwdlqhv gh sd|v hw gh ghx{ fhqwv sk|vlflhqv

hw lqjìqlhxuv1

415 Ohv hqmhx{ vflhqwl�txhv1

O*hqmhx hvw gh frpsuhqguh frpphqw ghv sduwlfxohv gh wdlooh plfurvfrsltxh

shxyhqw dyrlu xqh ìqhujlh pdfurvfrsltxh1 Oh grpdlqh g*ìqhujlh tx*dydlw gì0

frxyhuw Dxjhu hvw dvvh} elhq frqqx pdlqwhqdqw/ f*hvw fh txl hvw qrppì �od

uìjlrq gx jhqrx�1 Lo h{lvwh/ g*dloohxuv/ ghv prgëohv srxu h{soltxhu gh whoohv

4Ghsxlv rq d wurxyì ghv pìfdqlvphv fdsdeohv gh oh idluh/ pdlv od sureoìpdwltxh f*hvw

uhqrxyhoìh dx ixu hw ã phvxuh txh o*rq d gìfrxyhuw ghv sduwlfxohv gh soxv judqghv ìqhujlhv

hw txh o*rq d sdvvì od idphxvh frxsxuh J]N1

:

Page 8: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

; FKDSLWUH 41 OH SURMHW SLHUUH DXJHU1

ìqhujlhv1 Pdlqwhqdqw rq v*lqwìuhvvh ã ghv qlyhdx{ vxsìulhxuv gh o*ruguh gh

432f ã 432� hY/ rü xq sureoëph pdmhxu hvw txh oh qrpeuh g*ìyìqhphqwv

gìfurñw iruwhphqw ã phvxuh txh o*ìqhujlh gx sulpdluh dxjphqwh1 Od suh0

plëuh gìwhfwlrq g*xq ìyìqhphqw gdqv fh grqqdlqh g*ìqhujlh d ìwì idlwh sdu

oh gìwhfwhxu gh Yrofdqr Udqfk hq 4<95 hw ghsxlv lo | d hx xqh txdudqwdlqh

g*ìyìqhphqwv gh soxv gh 8143�b hY frqvwdwìv1 F*hvw od }rqh glwh gh od frxsxuh

J]N +frxsxuh Juhlvhq0]dwvhslq0Nx}plq grqw rq wurxyhud xqh euëyh h{sol0

fdwlrq dx ¢ 4171 Rq shxw od uìvxphu frpph ìwdqw xqh gìfurlvvdqfh euxwdoh

gx x{ gxh ã xqh uìdfwlrq gh skrwrsurgxfwlrq gh slrqv dyhf ohv skrwrqv gx

irqg gh ud|rqqhphqw frvpltxh,1 Vhxo xqh txl}dlqh g*ìyìqhphqwv dx ghvvxv

gh 432� hY +fh txl uhsuìvhqwh od edjdwhooh g*xqh ylqjwdlqh gh mrxohv, rqw ìwì

hquhjlvwuìv/ 1

Gh whoohv ìqhujlhv srvhqw gh jurv sureoëphv dx{ wkìrulflhqv fdu lo q*h{lvwh

sdv gh prgëoh fdsdeoh g*h{soltxhu hqwlëuhphqw od surgxfwlrq gh fhv remhwv1

Fh vrqw/ vrlw ghv wkìrulhv wrwdohphqw frqmhfwxuhoohv/ vrlw ghv pìfdqlvphv soxv

fodvvltxhv pdlv sodfìv gdqv ghv frqglwlrqv h{wuíphv rx iruwhphqw dg krf1

D�q gh wudqfkhu hqwuh wrxwhv fhv k|srwkëvhv/ rx elhq píph/ srxu hq rulhqwhu

g*dxwuhv/ lo hvw qìfhvvdluh gh idluh xq vdxw txdolwdwli hw txdqwlwdwli gdqv od

gìwhfwlrq ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv1 F*hvw oh exw txh vh �{h od frooderudwlrq

Dxjhu/ hq yrxodqw h{soruhu oh vshfwuh g*ìqhujlh dx0ghoã gh od frxsxuh J]N/

ìwxglhu o*ìyhqwxhooh dqlvrwurslh ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv g*xowud0kdxwh0ìqhujlh/

gìwhuplqhu vl ohv ruljlqhv gh fhv ud|rqv vrqw srqfwxhoohv rx gl�xvhv/ hw vxuwrxw

frqqdñwuh od qdwxuh ghv sduwlfxohv sulpdluhv1 Wrxw fhfl hq dssruwdqw xq vdxw

vljql�fdwli gdqv o*dssurfkh vwdwlvwltxh/ lpsrvvleoh mxvtx*doruv sdu idxwh g*xq

qrpeuh vx!vdqw g*ìyìqhphqwv hquhjlvwuìv1

416 Xq shx gh sk|vltxh1

O*ruljlqh ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv g*xowud0kdxwh0ìqhujlh hvw hqfruh lqfrqqxh

pdojuì ohv suhvtxh txdwuhv gìfhqqlhv txl vh vrqw ìfrxoìhv ghsxlv od gìwhfwlrq

gx suhplhu ìyhqhphqw d|dqw xqh ìqhujlh ydolgìh ã 433 HhY +HhY @ 43�H hY,

dyhf oh gìwhfwhxu gh Yrofdqr Udqfk1

� Rq shqvh txh oh vshfwuh g*ìqhujlh dx ghoã gh od uìjlrq gh �od fkhylooh�

+4 HhY fi1 �jxuh 4, q*hvw sdv xqh vlpsoh h{wudsrodwlrq gx vshfwuh gh

od orl gh sxlvvdqfh ã sduwlu ghv ìqhujlhv soxv edvvhv1 Wrxw vh sdvvh

frpph vl xq qrxyhdx skìqrpëqh ìphujhdlw sdu ghvvrxv xq vshfwuh hq

gìfurlvvdqfh iruwh1

� Gdqv od uìjlrq gh od frxsxuh J]N/ ohv x{ hvwlpìv juåfh dx{ revhuyd0

wlrqv sdvvìhv/ vrqw gh o*ruguh g*xq ìyhqhphqw sdu np2 hw sdu dq doruv

tx*dx ghvvxv gh 433 HhY f*hvw g*xq ìyhqhphqw sdu np2 hw sdu vlëfoh $

Elhq txh idleohv/ fhv x{ vrqw vxsìulhxuv ã fh txh o*rq dwwhqgdlw vl ohxu

ruljlqh ìwdlw xqltxhphqw frvprorjltxh1 Fh vhudlw gh soxvlhxuv ruguhv gh

Page 9: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

4161 XQ SHX GH SK\VLTXH1 <

Iljxuh�414= Vshfwuh gl�ìuhqwlho g*ìqhujlh ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv +wrxwhv sdu0

wlfxohv frqirqgxhv,1 Vrqw lqgltxìhv txhotxhv ydohxuv dssur{lpdwlyhv ghv x{

lqwìjuìv sdu vwìudgldq1 Od frxsxuh J]N hvw yhuv 83 HhY1 Rq d 46 gìfdghv

hq ìqhujlh hw 66 hq x{ $

Page 10: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

43 FKDSLWUH 41 OH SURMHW SLHUUH DXJHU1

judqghxu soxv idleoh gdqv od uìjlrq gh od frxsxuh dyhf xq h�hw g*dffx0

pxodwlrq mxvwh dydqw +fi �j1 415,1 Srxu ohv remhwv ìorljqìv/ frpph fhx{

dyhf xq } @ 318 rx } @413/ o*h�hw g*hpslohphqw hvw sduwlfxolëuhphqw

elhq ylvleoh dydqw od frxsxuh J]N1 Fh idleoh x{/ dlqvl txh oh pdqtxh

gh vwdwlvwltxh/ frq�uph o*lqwìuíw g*ìwxglhu fhwwh sodjh g*ìqhujlh hw ohv

vxsìulhxuhv/ fh txl fruuhvsrqg dx grpdlqh g*revhuydwlrq g*Dxjhu1

Oh surjudpph Dxjhu d srxu exw gh frpsuhqguh od qdwxuh/ od suryh0

qdqfh hw oh prgh gh surgxfwlrq ghv sduwlfxohv txl vrqw ã o*ruljlqh ghv jhuehv

jìdqwhv1 Pdlv oh sureoëph irqgdphqwdo srxu fhod hvw oh pdqtxh gh grqqìhv1

Qrxv doorqv whqwhu gh frpsuhqguh ohv pìfdqlvphv txl shuphwwhqw o*dffìoìud0

wlrq hw od sursdjdwlrq gh sduwlfxohv g*dxvvl kdxwhv ìqhujlhv1 Fhod/ hq h{srvdqw

hw hq whqdqw frpswh ghv glyhuvhv fdudfwìulvwltxhv ghv vrxufhv vxssrvìhv1

41614 Suìvhqwdwlrq ghv wudydx{ wkìrultxhv1

Ghv revhuydwlrqv prqwuhqw txh fhuwdlqv ud|rqv frvpltxhv gìsdvvhqw od frx0

sxuh J]N1 Fhuwdlqhv wkìrulhv frpsruwhqw ghv fdudfwìulvwltxhv tx*Dxjhu vhud

fdsdeoh gh gìwhfwhu1 O*hqmhx hvw g*h{soltxhu frpphqw rq shxw surgxluh ghv

sduwlfxohv dyhf xqh ìqhujlh vxsìulhxuh ã 432f HhY1 Srxu fhod/ rq glvwlqjxh

ghx{ pìfdqlvphv wuëv gl�huhqwv=

41 O*dffìoìudwlrq +Erwwrp0Xs, hw ohv prgëohv g*dffìoìudwrq soxv uì0

fhqwv1

� Ohv pìfdqlvphv gh Ihupl gh ghx{lëph ruguh +froolvlrqv vwr0

fkdvwltxhv gdqv ohv qxdjhv gh sodvpd,1

� Ohv pìfdqlvphv gh Ihupl gh suhplëuh ruguh +dffìoìudwlrq sdu

xqh rqgh gh fkrf xowud0uhodwlylvwh,1

� Ohv orev gh udglr0jdod{lhv sxlvvdqwhv1

� O*dffìoìudwlrq xqls÷odluh sdu ohv mhxqhv ìwrlohv ã qhxwurqv +ã

urwdwlrq udslgh,1

� Ohv vxuvdxwv jdppd1

51 Ohv gìvlqwìjudwlrqv +Wrs0Grzq,1

� Ohv gìidxwv wrsrorjltxhv/ whov txh ohv frughv frvpltxhv/ ohv

prqrs÷ohv/ ohv yruwrqv 111

� Ohv uholtxhv pìwdvwdeohv hw vxshu0pdvvlyhv +g*ìfkhooh gh Judqg

Xql�fdwlrq,/ uìvlgxhv gh o*lq dwlrq1

41615 Ohv pìfdqlvphv g*dffìoìudwlrq +Erwwrp0Xs,1

Ohv surfhvvxv g*dffìoìudwlrq gx w|sh Ihupl1

Fhv pìfdqlvphv vrqw edvìv vxu xqh dffìoìudwlrq surjuhvvlyh sdu ghv fkrfv

gl�xvliv uìsìwlwliv vxu ghv remhwv pdjqìwlvìv whov txh ghv sodvpdv uhodwlylvwhv1

Page 11: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

4161 XQ SHX GH SK\VLTXH1 44

Iljxuh�415= Gìirupdwlrq/ ghv vshfwuhv revhuyìv hq irqfwlrq gh od glvwdqfh

hqwuh o*revhuydwhxu hw od vrxufh1 +} @ 3134 fruuhvsrqg ã 83 Psf hqylurq,

Page 12: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

45 FKDSLWUH 41 OH SURMHW SLHUUH DXJHU1

Iljxuh�416= Gldjudpph g*Kloodv= remhwv dvwursk|vltxhv hq irqfwlrq gh ohxuv

wdloohv hw fkdpsv pdjqìwltxhv1

O*ìqhujlh pd{lpxp txl shxw dwwhlqguh xqh sduwlfxoh hvw =

H4@

� �]hEO

E hvw oh fkdps gh od uìjlrq rü vh surgxlw oh skìqrpëqh/ O od glphqvlrq

fdudfwìulvwltxh/ �f od ylwhvvh gx sodvpd rx gx fkrf dffìoìudwhxu1 Lov shxyhqw

íwuh g*ruguh xq rx ghx{ vxlydqw txh �H � � rx �21 Od �jxuh 416 prqwuh

xq fhuwdlq qrpeuhv gh vlwhv dffìoìudwhxuv hq irqfwlrq ghv ghx{ sdudpëwuhv

E hw O1 Ohv oljqhv gldjrqdohv lqgltxhqw ghv vhxlov dx0ghvvxv ghvtxhov grlyhqw

vh wurxyhu fhv sdudpëwuhv srxu ohv sodvpdv xowuduhodwlylvwhv + � @ 4,51

G*dxwuhv pìfdqlvphv vrqw hqylvdjhdeohv whov txh =

5Od ylwhvvh w|sltxh srxu od soxsduw ghv fkrfv hq dvwursk|vltxh +sdu h{hpsoh ohv vxshu0

qrydh, hvw gh 426331

Page 13: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

4161 XQ SHX GH SK\VLTXH1 46

� Ohv froolvlrqv gh jdod{lhv/ uìsduwlhv xqlirupìphqw gdqv ohv dpdv ghqvhv/

vrqw shxw íwuh oh vlëjh gh iruwhv hw wuëv ìwhqgxhv rqghv gh fkrfv1

� Ohv rqghv gh fkrfv gdqv ohv orehv/ vlwxìv dx{ h{wuìplwìhv ghv mhwv lq0

whqvhv ghv qr|dx{ gh fhuwdlqhv udglr0jdod{lhv1 Oh pìfdqlvph g*dffìoì0

udwlrq gþ dx{ mhwv ghv udglr0jdod{lhv shxw íwuh sduwlfxolëuhphqw elhq

whvwì sdu o*revhuydwrluh S1Dxjhu1 Hq h�hw od gluhfwlrq ghv ìyìqhphqwv

dx ghvvxv gh od frxsxuh J]N ghyudlw vh uhjurxshu dxwrxu ghv udglr0

jdod{lhv lqwhqvhv gìmã frqqxhv1 Pdlv lo hq h{lvwh wuëv shx ã prlqv gh

433 Psf fh txl srvh ghv sureoëphv gh wudqvsruw rx gh qrq revhuydwlrq

gh ud|rqv frvpltxhv surfkhv1

Wrxwh irlv/ fhv pìfdqlvphv vhpeohqw shx suredeohv frpswh whqx ghv hi0

ihwv vxelv sdu ohv sduwlfxohv dffìoìuìhv whov txh oh ud|rqqhphqw v|qfkurwurq6

gdqv ohv fkdpsv pdjqìwltxhv hw ohv froolvlrqv lqìodvwltxhv dyhf ghv udgldwlrqv

ghqvhv txl uëjqhqw dx yrlvlqdjh gh od soxsduw gh whoohv vrxufhv1

Ohv qr|dx{ dfwliv gh jdod{lhv1 Fhuwdlqhv jdod{lhv frpsruwdqw xq wurx

qrlu vxshupdvvli gdqv ohxu fhqwuh vrqw od vrxufh gh mhwv uhodwlylvwhv +eod}duv, 1

Gh whov pìfdqlvphv surgxlvhqw ghv skrwrqv hw ghv qhxwulqrv gh kdxwh ìqhujlh1

Od srvlelolwì txh fhv eod}duv dffìoëuhqw ghv surwrqv hvw hqfruh frqmhfwxuhooh1

Vxuvdxwv jdppd1 +Jdppd ud| exuvwv,1 Fh vrqw ghv vrxufhv ã ìplvvlrqv

gh wuëv frxuwh gxuìh gìwhfwìhv sdu ghv ìplvvlrqv gh skrwrqv gh edvvh ìqhujlh/

d|dqw xqh glvwulexwlrq lvrwursh hw grqf suredeohphqw g*ruljlqh frvprorjltxh

+grqf gh vrxufhv wuëv sxlvvdqwhv,1 Ohxuv uhodwlrqv dyhf ohv ud|rqv frvpltxhv

gh xowud0kdxwh ìqhujlh hvw yhqxh ã o*hvsulw srxu ohv udlvrqv vxlydqwhv =

� O*ìqhujlh pr|hqqh +gdqv oh whpsv hw gdqv o*hvsdfh, oleìuìh hq skrwrqv

sdu ohv vxuvdxwv jdppd vhpeoh íwuhv gx píph ruguh gh judqghxu txh

fhooh qìfhvvdluh ã od surgxfwlrq gx x{ revhuyì gh ud|rqv frpltxhv gh

kdxwh ìqhujlh1

� Fhuwdlqv prgëohv ghv vxuvdxwv jdppd uìxqlvvhqw dx prlqv ohv frqgl0

wlrqv qìfhvvdluhv +qrwdpphqw E, ã o*dffìoìudwlrq ghv sduwlfxohv dx{

ìqhujlhv vxsìulhxuhv ã 433 HhY1

� Ohv ud|rqv frvpltxhv ohv soxv ìqhujìwltxhv srlqwhqw gdqv od gluhfwlrq

ghv ghx{ }rqhv gh surgxfwlrq gh vxuvdxwv jdppdv ohv soxv lqwhqvhv1

O*k|srwkëvh txh ohv ghx{ skìqrpëqhv rqw xqh ruljlqh frppxqh lpsoltxh

ghv fdudfwìulvwltxhv whoohv txh/ ghv x{ gh skrwrqv dvvrflìv uhwdugìv +gh

o*ruguh gx WhY,/ xqh dqlvrwurslh vl ohv ud|rqv frvpltxhv vrqw dvvrflìv ã ghv

vxuvdxwv jdppd jdodfwltxhv rx elhq doruv/ xqh iruwh lvrwurslh vl ohv jdppdv

vrqw g*ruljlqh frvprorjltxh1

6 _.

_|'` �

.7

-5 ' �2f.2c rü hvw o*ìqhujlh hw E oh fkdps pdjqìwltxh1

Page 14: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

47 FKDSLWUH 41 OH SURMHW SLHUUH DXJHU1

Hwrloh ã qhxwurqv1

Ohv ìwrlohv grqw od pdvvh lqlwldoh hvw vxsìulhxuh ã ; P > pdlv qh gìsdvvdqw

sdv xqh gl}dlqh gh P > rqw frpph �q od soxv suredeoh g*íwuh xqh ìwrloh ã

qhxwurq1 Hooh rqw xqh pdvvh who txh 417P ?P ? 6P / xq ud|rq g*hqylurq

gl{ nlorpëwuhv hw xqh pdvvh yroxpltxh gh 43�ej=fp3�= Oruv gh vd irupdwlrq/

oh ud|rq d glplqxì ìqrupìphqw/ wrxw hq frqvhuydqw oh prphqw pdjqìwltxh

hw oh x{ pdjqìwltxh/ hqwudlqdqw xqh yduldwlrq gx fkdps pdjqìwltxh vhorq

E� u321 Fhv ìwrlohv rqw xqh sìulrgh gh urwdwlrq wuëv frxuwh +�4v ã 4 pv

srxu ohv soxv mhxqhv, hw srvvëghqw xq fkdps wuëv ìohyì +43S�43bW,1 O*ìqhu0

jlh flqìwltxh hvw frqvhuyìh hq ìqhujlh pdjqìwltxh dx frxuv gh o*h�rqguhphqw1

F*hvw fhwwh yduldwlrq wuëv iruwh gx fkdps pdjqìwltxh/ txl shuphw o*dffìoì0

udwlrq gh sduwlfxoh sdu h�hw �g|qdpr�1 Wrxwhirlv fh pìfdqlvph qh shuphw

sdv gh surgxluh xq vshfwuh gh orl gh sxlvvdqfh gh pdqlëuh qdwxuhooh1 Gh whov

remhwv h{lvwhqw gdqv od yrlh odfwìh/ rq ghyudlw grqf frqvwdwhu xqh fruuìodwlrq

hqwuh od gluhfwlrq gh suryhqdqfh ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv g*xowud0kdxwh ìqhujlh

hw oh sodq jdodfwltxh/ dlqvl tx*xqh frxsxuh gdqv od uìjlrq J]N +vdxi vl f*hvw

g*ruljlqh jdodfwltxh,1 Ohv sduwlfxohv fkdujìhv ghyudlhqw ud|rqqhu xqh sduwlh

gh ohxu ìqhujlh sdu ud|rqqhphqw v|qfkurwurq gdqv oh fkdps dffìoìudwhxu/

fh txl whqg ã h{foxuh fh pìfdqlvph srxu od jhqëvh ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv ohv

soxv ìqhujìwltxhv1

41616 Ohv pìfdqlvphv gh gìvlqwìjudwlrq +Wrs0Grzq,1

Ohv gìidxwv wrsrorjltxhv1

Od irupdwlrq gh gìidxwv wrsrorjltxhv hvw xq skìqrpëqh jìqìultxh gxudqw

ohv wudqvlwlrqv gh skdvh1 Oruv gh od irupdwlrq gh o*xqlyhuv/ fhoxl0fl d vxel

xq fhuwdlq qrpeuhv gh fhv wudqvlwlrqv shqgdqw vrq uhiurlglvvhphqw1 Lo hvw

srvvleoh tx*lo | hq dlw wrxmrxuv1 Fhuwdlqv wkìrulflhqv hq irqw xqh dowhuqdwlyh

dx prgëoh lq dwlrqqdluh1 Fh uhiurlglvvhphqw d suryrtxì xq fhuwdlq qrpeuhv

gh eulvxuhv gh v|pìwulhv/ qrwdpphqw oruv ghv wudqvlwlrqv JXW $ K=== $

VX+6,� VX+5,� X+4,= Rü K hvw oh fkdps vfdodluh gh Kljjv1

Ohv frughv frvpltxhv1 Rq shxw ohv gìfuluh frpph ghv sxlwv gh srwhq0

wlho olqìltxh dyhf ghv surirqghxuv whoohv txh ghv sduwlfxohv dyhf ghv pdvvhv

gh judqgh xql�fdwlrq +P% *432ehY, srxuudlhqw | íwuhv slìjìhv1 Frpph fhv

frughv ud|rqqhqw gh o*ìqhujlh hoohv �qlvvhqw sdu v*h�rqguhu hw oleëuhqw ghv

sduwlfxohv [ +ã gì�qlu, grqw od gìvlqwìjudwlrq hq sduwlfxohv ruglqdluhv shxw

íwuh xqh vrxufh gh ud|rqqhphqw frvpltxhv vdqv tx*lo | dlw ehvrlq gh pì0

fdqlvphv g*dffìoìudwlrq1 Fhfl shxw h{soltxhu od qrq0fruuìodwlrq ghv ud|rqv

frvpltxhv dyhf ghv remhwv dvwursk|vltxhv frqqxv1 Fhwwh k|srwkëvh/ vhxoh/

q*hvw sdv frpsdwleoh dyhf oh x{ gh ud|rqv frvpltxhv gh xowud0kdxwh ìqhu0

jlh1 Pdlv g*dxwuhv prgëohv ghphxuhqw ydodeohv/ whov txh ohv frughv joredohv/

Page 15: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

4171 OD FRXSXUH J]N1 48

ohv frughv vxsudfrqgxfwulfhv +fi ¢ vxu ohv yruwrqv,1 Xqh ghv vljqdwxuhv fd0

udfwìulvwltxhv gh fh jhquh gh skìqrpëqhv hvw gìwhfwdeoh sdu o*revhuydwrluh

S1Dxjhu= lo v*djlw g*xqh frpsrvdqwh lpsruwdqwh hq qhxwulqrv hw hq skrwrqv

gh xowud0kdxwh ìqhujlh1

Ohv yruwrqv1 Fh vrqw ghv frughv frvpltxhv vxsudfrqgxfwulfhv hw vwdeohv1

Lov shxyhqw íwuhv irupìv hq txdqwlwì vx!vdqwh gdqv ohv qr|dx{ dfwliv ghv

jdod{lhv/ lov lqwhudjlvvhqw idleohphqw hw dlqvl qh suìvhqwhqw sdv gh gl!fxowì

srxu od sursdjdwlrq +sdv gh frxsxuh J]N,1 Gh soxv/ lov vrqw wuëv pdvvliv/

lov q*rqw sdv ehvrlq g*dyrlu xq frh!flhqw gh Oruhqw} frqvlgìudeoh1

Od vljqdwxuh hvw xqh glvwulexwlrq lvrwursltxh +f*hvw ã gluh g*ruljlqh frv0

prorjltxh,/ xq vshfwuh uhvvhpeodqw ã fhoxl g*xqh ì{flwdwlrq dwrpltxh/ ghv

lqwhudfwlrqv vlplodluhv ã fhoohv ghv qhxwulqrv1 Uhvwh txh ohv ìyhqwxhoohv fd0

udfwìulvwltxhv gh ohxuv jhuehv dwprvskìultxhv vrqw uhodwlyhphqw lqfrqqxhv1

Ohv prqrs÷ohv/ uholtxhv gh o*lq dwlrq1

F*hvw xqh k|srwkëvh uìfhqwh gh frqvlgìuhu txh ohv ud|rqv frvpltxhv vhudlhqw

ghv prqrs÷ohv pdjqìwltxhv uhodwlylvwhv1 Hq h�hw/ ohv x{ revhuyìv dx ghvvxv

gh 433 HhY vrqw gh o*ruguh gh od olplwh gh Sdunhu7 hw o*dffìoìudwlrq ghv

prqrs÷ohv gh Gludf gdqv ohv fkdpsv pdjqìwltxhv jdodfwltxhv/ mxvtx*dx{

ìqhujlhv txl vrqw fhoohv ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv gh wuëv kdxwh ìqhujlh/ qh srvh

sdv gh sureoëph1 Od vljqdwxuh vhudlw xqh fruuìodwlrq hqwuh od gluhfwlrq ghv

sulpdluhv hw fhoohv ghv oljqhv gh fkdpsv pdjqìwltxhv jdodfwltxh1 D o*khxuh

dfwxhooh rq qh vdlw sdv wurs fh txh vhudlw xqh jhueh dwprvskìultxh gxh ã xq

who prqrs÷oh1

Gdqv wrxv ohv fdv/ dxfxq gh fhv surfhvvxv qh grqqh gh qr|dx{1

417 Od frxsxuh J]N1

Ohv ud|rqv frvpltxhv vrqw hq sulqflsh ghv sduwlfxohv ruglqdluhv +qr|dx{/

qxfoìrqv/ skrwrqv/ qhxwulqrv 111, txl duulyhqw vxu Whuuh hq lqwhudjlvvdqw gdqv

o*dwprvskëuh1 Rü txh o*rq vh wurxyh gdqv o*xqlyhuv rq hvw dx prlqv vrxplv

dx ud|rqqhphqw irvvloh8 d 5/: N1 Frqvlgìurqv od froolvlrq g*xq surwrq hw

g*xq skrwrq1 Rq shxw h{sulphu gdqv oh fhqwuh gh pdvvh o*ìqhujlh wrwdoh hq

irqfwlrq gh H� hw gh H� / ohv ìqhujlhv gdqv oh uhsëuh gx oderudwrluh/ hw gh

p� od pdvvh gx surwrq1

7F*hvw oh pd{lpxp dxwrulvì/ frpsdwleoh dyhf o*h{lvwhqfh ghv fkdpsv pdjqìwltxhv

h{wudjdodfwltxhv18Ud|rqqhphqw ã W@5/: N/ gh orqjxhxu g*rqgh dx slf gx vshfwuh gx frusv qrlu gh 5

pp/ g*ìqhujlh pr|hqqh ghv skrwrqv gh 433� hY1

Page 16: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

49 FKDSLWUH 41 OH SURMHW SLHUUH DXJHU1

Doruv

H2S6

@ H2�.H2

�. 5H�H� �S2

��H2

�. 5H�

tH2��p2

Ru o*ìqhujlh pr|hqqh gx skrwrq irvvloh hvw gh 433� hY/ hw od froorvlrq

lqìodvwltxh ã o*ìqhujlh od soxv edvvh +ã o*ì{fhswlrq gh s . � $ s . hnh3 fi1

od �q gx ¢, gdqv o*lqwhudfwlrq gh surwrqv frvpltxhv hw ghv skrwrqv hvw=

s. � $ s. �f

Hvwlprqv o*ìqhujlh vhxlo gx surwrq srxu odtxhooh fhwwh uìdfwlrq ghylhqw

ìqhujìwltxhphqw srvvleoh/ vdfkdqw txh p� > pZf H� = Frpswh whqx ghv

dssur{lpdwlrqv

H� �

pZf +pZf . 5p� ,

7H�

O*dssolfdwlrq qxpìultxh grqqh

H� �:143�bhY

Fh txl frqvwlwxh xqh erqqh lgìh gh od frxsxuh J]N1

Lo shxw | dyrlu g*dxwuhv surfhvvxv whov txh s.� $ s.hnh3 gh vhxlo soxv

edv/ pdlv od vhfwlrq h!fdfh hvw ehdxfrxs soxv idleoh1 Od orqjxhxu g*lqwhudf0

wlrq shxw íwuh hvwlpìh hq frqvlgìudqw od vhfwlrq h!fdfh �?nZRn� � 463 �e1 Od

ghqvlwì gx irqg gh ud|rqqhphqw frvpltxh hvw gh o*ruguh gh � @ 733 fp3�

vrlw O @�

j4� 5=43�Dfp * 9Psf=

418 Oh wudqvsruw ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv1

Shx dsuhv od gìfrxyhuwh gx ud|rqqhpphqw irvvloh ã 6 N/ Juhlvhq/ ]dwvhslq/

Nx}plq rqw prqwuì txh fh ud|rqqhphqw uhqgdlw o*xqlyhuv rsdtxh ã wrxwhv

sduwlfxohv +vdxi qhxwulqr, ã wuëv kdxwh ìqhujlh1 Ohv vhxlov dx ghoã ghvtxhov ohv

oleuhv sdufrxuv pr|hqv vrqw udglfdohphqw uìgxlwv fruuhvsrqghqw dx{ ìqhu0

jlhv gh skrwrsurgxfwlrq gh sdluhv srxu ohv skrwrqv hqylurq ã 533 WhY/ gh

skrwrsurgxfwlrq gh slrqv srxu ohv surwrqv +� 83 HhY, hw gh skrwrgìvlqwì0

judwlrq srxu ohv qr|dx{ orxugv1 Ohv orqjxhxuv g*lqwhudfwlrq srxu ohv skrwrqv

hw ohv surwrqv vrqw/ ã fhv ìqhujlhv/ gh o*ruguh g*xqh gl}dlqh Psf1 G*xqh pd0

qlëuh jìqìudoh ohv qr|dx{ g*xqh ìqhujlh gh 433 HhY shughqw ghx{ qxfoìrqv

sdu Psf1 Grqf txhotxh vrlw o*k|srwkëvh gh od qdwxuh ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv

g*xqh ìqhujlh gìsdvvdqw 433 HhY/ ohxuv vrxufhv qh shxyhqw sdv íwuh wuëv

ìorljqìhv gh odWhuuh91

9Mxvtx*d xqh ìqhujlh gh 43�H3�f�b hY ohv ud|rqv frvpltxh vrqw h{foxvlyhphqw g*ruljlqh

jdodfwltxh/ hw ohxu sursdjdwlrq gdqv od jdod{lh uhvvhpeoh ã xqh pdufkh dx kd}dug gxh dx{

luuìjxodulwìv gx fkdps jdodfwltxh1

Page 17: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

4181 OH WUDQVSRUW GHV UD\RQV FRVPLTXHV1 4:

Ohv skrwrqv= frpph qrxv o*dyrqv yx od frxsxuh J]N frqvwlwxh o*xq ghv

sulqflsdx{ revwdfohv ã od sursdjdwlrq ghv qxfoìrqv1 Ohv skrwrqv shxyhqw

dxvvl lqwhudjlu dyhf oh irqg gh ud|rqqhphqw frvpltxh1 Lo | d xqh surgxfwlrq

gh sdluhv �� $ hnh3 pdlv ohv fleohv shxyhqw íwuhv dxvvl ghv skrwrqv lqiud0

urxjhv rx ghv skrwrqv udglrv +srxu fh txl hvw ghv wuëv kdxwhv ìqhujlhv,1 Ohv

ghqvlwìv LU hw udglrv vrqw wuëv lqfhuwdlqhv1 Oh vhxlo wkìrultxh vxu oh irqg gh

ud|rqqhphqw frvpltxh hvw H|� � 5=8 43�ehY 1

Fdvfdgh ìohfwurpdjqìwltxh= fhuwdlqv prgëohv gh surgxfwlrq ghv ud|rqv

frvpltxhv gh xowud kdxwh ìqhujlh suìyrlhqw txh ohv jdppdv grplqhqw ã od

vrxufh +Wrs0Grzq,1 Ohv jdppdv hw ohv h� shxyhqw íwuh dxvvl ohv vhfrqgdluhv

ghv surgxlwv gh od skrwrsurgxfwlrq1 Ohxu sursdjdwlrq shxw vh idluh sdu sox0

vlhxuv pr|hqv/ grqw ghx{ vrqw sulyloìjlìv=

� Od surgxfwlrq gh sdluhv hnh3 oruv ghv froolvlrqv skrwrqv0skrwrqv1 D

wuëv kdxwh ìqhujlh od vhfwlrq h!fdfh gìfurlw dyhf oh vhxlo hw grqf dyhf

o*ìqhujlh1 Orlq gx vhxlo/ od fdvfdgh vh ghyhorssh ohqwhphqw1 Dx vhxlo

+�p2e, od vhfwlrq h!fdfh hvw uìvrqqdqwh1 Grqf dx vhxlo ohv fdvfdghv vh

gìyhorsshqw udslghphqw1

� Gl�xvlrq g*xq ìohfwurq vxu xq skrwrq +vruwh gh gl�xvlrq Frpswrq

lqyhuvh,1 Lo q*| d sdv gh vhxlo srxu fh pìfdqlvph1

O*ìqhujlh ghv skrwrqv vh gìjudgh mxvtx*dx vhxlo gh surgxfwlrq gh sdluhv

oh soxv edv/ sdupl ohv fleohv g*lpsruwdqfh frvprorjltxh/ vrlw vxu ohv skrwrqv

rswltxhv rx lqiudurxjhv1

Page 18: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

4; FKDSLWUH 41 OH SURMHW SLHUUH DXJHU1

Page 19: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

Fkdslwuh 5

������������ ����� ������

514 O*h�hw Fhuhqnry1

Xqh sduwlfxoh fkdujìh wudyhuvdqw xq plolhx g*lqglfh q dyhf xqh ylwhvvh y

gìsdvvdqw od ylwhvvh gh od oxplëuh gdqv fh plolhx + S?,/ ìphw xqh udgldwlrq

ìohfwurpdjqìwltxh dshooìh h�hw Fhuhqnry41 O*h�hw Fhuhqnry hvw fdxvì sdu od

sduwlfxoh fkdujìh fdu hooh srodulvh ohv dwrphv wrxw dx orqj gh vrq sdufrxuw/ lov

ghylhqqhqw grqf ghv gls÷ohv ìohfwultxhv1 Od gxuìh gh ylh gx gls÷oh frqgxlw

ã o*ìplvvlrq ìohfwurpdjqìwltxh1 Wdqw txh y ? S

?/ ohv gls÷ohv vrqw uìsduwlv

v|pìwultxhphqw dxwrxu gh od sduwlfxoh/ gh whooh pdqlëuh txh oh fkdps pr|hq

txl hq uìvxowh hvw qxo hw dxfxqh udgldwlrq q*hvw ìplvh1 Pdlv vl y A S

?/ od

v|pìwulh hvw eulvìh hw idlw txh oh fkdps wrwdo uìvxowdqw q*hvw soxv qxo hw

lqgxlw xqh ìplvlrq ìohfwurpdjqìwltxh1 Od frqwulexwlrq gh o*h�hw Fhuhqnry ã

od shuwh g*ìqhujlh gx plolhx hvw wuìv idleoh frpsduì ã g*dxwuhv skìqrpëqhv1

O*dqjoh hqwuh oh skrwrq Fhuhqnry hw od gluhfwlrq gh od sduwlfxoh fkdujìh shxw

íwuh rewhqxh hq gìgxfwlrq gh od �jxuh 41

4Sdyho Dohnvh|hylfk Fhuhqnry= +4<3704<<3,/ sk|vlflhq vrylhwltxh hw odxuìdw gx sul{qreho gh sk|vltxh/ qì hq Uxvvlh ã Qryd|d Fkljod1Lo ìwxgld ã o*xqlyhuvlwì g*ìwdw gh Yrurqh}k1

Lo lqwëujuh o*lqvwlwxw Ohehghy gh o*dfdgìplh ghv vflhqfhv gh Prvfrx hq 4<63 hw | rewlhqw

vrq grfwrudw hq 4<731 Lo ghylhqw surihvvhxu gh sk|vltxh h{sìulphqwdoh hq 4<86 hw ghylhqw ohgluhfwhxu gx oderudwrluh gh o*lqvwlwxw vxu o*ìwxgh ghv surfìvvxv skrwrqv0pìvrqv hq 4<8<1 Hq

4<65 lo frpphqfh o*ìwxgh gh od oxplqìvfhqfh rewhqxh sdu h{srvlwlrq dx ud|rqv � gh fhuwdlqv

oltxlghv1 F*hvw hq 4<67 tx*lo gìfrxyuh o*h�hw txl sruwh vrq qrp1 Ghx{ gh vhv frooëjxhv ghOhehghy/ P1Iudqfn hw L1Wdpp wudydloohurqw vxu o*h{solfdwlrq wkìrultxh gh fhwwh h�hw hw

sduwdjhurqw oh sul{ qreho gh sk|vltxh hq 4<8;1

4<

Page 20: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

53 FKDSLWUH 51 O*REVHUYDWRLUH SLHUUH DXJHU1

Iljxuh�514=

Gxudqw od wudyhuvì gh od glvwdqfh DE @ w�f sdu od sduwlfxoh oh skrwrq d

dydqfì gh FD @ w S?1 Grqf rq rewlhqw=

frv �S @S

?qS@

?qrü �S hvw o*dqjoh hqwuh o*lpsxovlrq gh od sduwlfxoh

lqflghqwh hw od gluhfwlrq gx skrwrq1

Lo h{lvwh xq vhxlo srxu ohv ìplvvlrqv Fhuhqnry/ txl vh wudgxlw sdu � A�

?1 Dx vhxlo/ o*ìplvvlrq vh idlw yhuv o*dydqw hw o*dqjoh dxjphqwh mxvtx*d xq

pd{lpxp dwwhlqw srxu � @ 4 hw grqf=

�S @ duffrv

4

q

O*h�hw Fhuhqnry vh surgxlw grqf vl oh plolhx hw od iuìtxhqfh � vrqw whov

txh q+�, A41

Sduwlfxoh1 Vhxlo gdqv o*hdx1

ìohfwurqv 893 NhY

pxrqv 453 PhY

Vhxlo gh surgxfwlrq gh od oxplëuh Fhuhqnry dx qlyhdx gh od phu1

515 Oh gìwhfwhxu1

O*revhuydwrluh Slhuuh Dxjhu hvw vlwxì vxu ghx{ vlwhv/ oh suhplhu hvw hq Du0

jhqwlqh/ ã Ho Qlkxlo/ hw o*dxwuh dx{ Hwdwv Xqlv ã Ploodug Frqwu| gdqv o*Xwdk

+fi frxyhuwxuh gx udssruw,1 Oh vlwh gx Vxg hvw sulyloìjlì srxu revhuyhu gdqv

od gluhfwlrq gx fhqwuh gh od jdod{lh/ sdu dloohxuv f*hvw oh suhplhu gdqv fhw

kìplvskëuh1 Oh vlwh gx Qrug vxuyhlooh ohv uìjlrqv h{wudjdodfwltxhv1 Fhv ghx{

fdudfwìulvwltxhv shuphwwurqw gh glvwlqjxhu ohv h�hwv gþ dx{ orfdolvdwlrqv gh

vrxufhv rx elhq gþ dx{ gl�ìuhqfhv ìyhqwxhoohv gh fkdpsv jdodfwltxhv rx

Page 21: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

5151 OH GÌWHFWHXU1 54

h{wud0jdodfwltxhv1 Fkdfxq gh fhv ghx{ vlwhv gh 6333 np2 hvw frpsrvì gh

4933 gìwhfwhxuv Fhuhqnry/ txl vrqw ghv fxyhv g*hdx f|olqgultxhv g*xqh vxu0

idfh gh 43 p2/ g*xqh surirqghxu gh 415 p hw gh wurlv skrwrpxowlsolfdwhxuv txl

hquhjlvwuhqw g*hq kdxw1 Hq soxv gh fh glvsrvlwli srxu od gìwhfwlrq dx vro/ rq

xwlolvh wurlv gìwhfwhxuv ã xruhfhqfh +rhlo gh prxfkh, d�q g*revhuyhu od jhueh

gdqv vrq ìyroxwlrq dydqw tx*hooh qh wrxfkh oh vro1 Xqh uhsuìvhqwdwlrq joredoh

gx vlwh hvw grqqìh vxu od sdjh gh jdugh1 Ohv fhqwuhv ghv fhufohv uhsuìvhqwdqw

o*hpsodfhphqw gh fkdfxq ghv |hx{ gh prxfkh1 Ohv fxyhv vrqw glvsrvìhv xql0

irupìphqw vxu od vxuidfh hq iruph gh �vxshupdq�1 O*dowlwxgh vhohfwlrqqìh

srxu ohv gìwhfwhxuv hvw g*hqylurq 4733 p sdu udssruw dx qlyhdx gh od phu/

fh txl uhsuìvhqwh xqh ìsdlvvhxu dwprvskìultxh surfkh gh ;;3 j2fp2+fi=�j1615,1 Rq phvxuh ohv glvwdqfhv hq j1fp32 gdqv ohv plolhx{ ã ghqvlwì yduldeoh1

Fhod fruuhvsrqg dx pd{lpxp ghv jhuehv yhuwlfdohv gx grpdlqh g*ìqhujlh

txl qrxv lqwìuhvvh1

51514 Xq gìwhfwhxu k|eulgh1

Xqh sduwlh ghv jhuehv vhud gìwhfwìh sdu oh uìvhdx gh vxuidfh hw oh gìwhfwhxu

ã xruhvfhqfh Fhuhqnry dwprvskìultxh1 Lo d wurlv gìwhfwhxuv gh xruhfhqfh

dwprvskìultxh txdol�ìv g*|hx{ gh prxfkh1Fhfl d�q g*dwwhlqguh 48( g*ìyì0

qhphqwv k|eulghv1 Fhv ìyìqhphqwv vrqw fhx{ txl rqw ìwì ã od irlv hquhjlvwuìv

sdu oh gìwhfwhxu whuuhvwuh/ fh txl fruuhvsrqg ã xqh wudqfkh gh od jhueh hw

sdu oh gìwhfwhxu ã xruhvfhqfh/ txl qrxv grqqh xqh lpdjh g|qdpltxh gx

gìyhorsshphqw orqjlwxglqdo gh od jhueh1 Fhfl gdqv o*hvsrlu g*xqh phloohxuh

suìflvlrq hw gh ohyhu ohv gl�ìuhqfhv gh uìvxowdwv revhuyìhv hqwuh DJDVD

+fxyhv, hw oh Io|*v H|h1 Ohv dydqwdjhv gh o*k|eulglvdwlrq vrqw=

� Dxjphqwdwlrq gh uìvroxwlrq1 Od uìvroxwlrq hq ìqhujlh gh fkdfxq ghv

gìwhfwhxuv sulv vìsduìphqw hvw gh 53 ã 63 (1 Rq frpswh vxu xq pì0

fdqlvph gh fdoleudwlrqv furlvìhv srxu dphqhu fh uìvxowdw ã ;(1 Vl o*rq

vrxkdlwh orfdolvhu ohv vrxufhv gh ud|rqv frvpltxhv/ lo idxw txh od uì0

vroxwlrq dqjxodluh vrlw phloohxuh txh od glvshuvlrq sk|vltxh gxh ã od

sursdjdwlrq ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv fkdujìv1 Lo idxw doruv xqh suìflvlrq

gh o*ruguh gx ghjuì/ rq shqvh srxyrlu rewhqlu 315 � srxu ohv ìyìqh0

phqwv k|eulghv gh soxv kdxwh ìqhujlh +fh txl vhudlw idqwdvwltxh hq fdv

gh sduwlfxohv qrq fkdujìhv fdu fhod shuphwwudlw gh srlqwhu gluhfwhphqw

od gluhfwlrq gh od vrxufh,1

� Od frqiurqwdwlrq gh o*ìyroxwlrq g|qdpltxh gh od jhueh hq irqfwlrq gx

sdufrxuw/ dyhf vd frpsrvlwlrq dx qlyhdx gx vro +qrwdpphqw hq pxrqv,

srxu yìul�hu fhuwdlqv prgëohv g*lqwhudfwlrq1

Page 22: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

55 FKDSLWUH 51 O*REVHUYDWRLUH SLHUUH DXJHU1

51515 Oh gìwhfwhxu ã fxyhv Fhuhqnry1

Od uìsduwlwlrq ghv fxyhv hvw idlwh srxu whqlu frpswh g*lpsìudwliv ìfrqr0

pltxhv/ od iruph hq �vxshupdq�/ hooh/ wlhqw frpswh gh od wrsrorjlh gx whu0

udlq1 Oh frþw ghv fxyhv hvw �{h pdlv ohxu hvsdfhphqw lq xh vxu oh frþw joredo1

Ohv fxyhv vrqw grwìhv g*xqh dqwhqqh gh frppxqlfdwlrq/ g*xqh dqwhqqh JSV

+srxu od v|qfkurqlvdwlrq,/ g*xq v|vwëph g*dolphqwdwlrq ã o*ìqhujlh vrodluh/

hw hq�q/ gh skrwrpxowlsolfdwhxuv1 Srxu xqh vxuidfh grqqìh/ oh qrpeuh gh

vwdwlrqv hvw lqyhuvhphqw sursruwlrqqho dx fduuì gx pdloodjh wuldqjxodluh1 Lo

idxw grqf txh o*hvsdfhphqw vrlw oh soxv judqg srvvleoh1 Gdqv oh fdguh gx

surmhw Dxjhu/ lo idxw txh oh gìwhfwhxu vrlw h!fdfh srxu ghv ìqhujlhv ã sdu0

wlu gh 43�b hY1 Srxu xq hvsdfhphqw gh 418 np xq gìwhfwhxu gh 43 p2 yd

grqqhu gh erqqhv shuirupdqfhv1 Srxu fhw hvsdfhphqw oh qrpeuh gh vwdwlrqv

dfwlyìhv srxu xq ìyìqhphqw gh soxv gh 432f hY vhud gh 48 ã 531 Oh fkrl{

ghv fxyhv sdu udssruw ã g*dxwuhv w|shv gh gìwhfwhxuv +whov txh ghv gìwhf0

whxuv sorpe0vflqwloodwhxu, d ìwì idlw srxu whqlu frpswh ghv frþwv hw gh od

wuëv idleoh pdlqwhqdqfh1 O*h{sìulhqfh gh 53 dqv vxu ghv fxyhv lghqwltxhv ã

Kdyhudk Sdun d shuplv wrxw oh uhfxo qìfhvvdluh/ dlqvl rq vdlw txh od ylgdqjh

ghv fxyhv qh vhud píph sdv qìfhvvdluh1 Ohv fxyhv vrqw ohv gìwhfwhxuv whvwìv

txl rqw od phloohxuh vhqvlelolwì dx{ pxrqv hw txl qh vrqw sdv vrxplv d ghv

frqvlgìudwlrqv dqjxodluhv1 Frqwudluhphqw dx{ vflqwloodwhxuv/ ohv fxyhv r�uhqw

xqh vxuidfh dssduhqwh +ohv f÷wìv frpsulv, ã shx suìv ìtxlydohqwh/ txho txh

vrlw o*dqjoh vrxv ohtxho duulyhqw ohv sduwlfxohv1 Fhwwh vhqvlelolwì dx{ pxrqv

shuphw gh glplqxhu od vhqvlelolwì ã o*dowlwxgh gx vlwh sxlvtxh o*dwwìqxdwlrq gh

od frpsrvdqwh pxrqltxh ghv jhuehv hw ehdxfrxs soxv ohqwh dyhf o*ìsdlvvhxu

dwprvskìultxh txh fhooh gh od frpsrvdqwh ìohfwurpdjqìwltxh1 Wurlv skrwr0

wxehv vrqw sodfìv dx ghvvxv gh od fxyh srxu froohfwhu xqlirupìphqw od oxplëuhFhuhqnry/ lqgìshqgdpphqw gh o*dqjoh g*lqflghqfh ghv sduwlfxohv1 O*ìfduwh0

phqw ghv fxyhv hw ohxu vxuidfh vrqw ghv sdudpëwuhv olìv sdu oh vhxlo g*ìqhujlh

ã revhuyhu1 Sdu h{hpsoh srxu xqh h!fdflwì gh gìwhfwlrq gh 433( ã 43 HhY

lo idxw xqh vxuidfh gh gìwhfwhxu gh 43 p2/ ã 433 HhY fhod grqqh 48 ã 53

fxyhv dx ghvvxv gx vhxlo gh gìwhfwlrq1

51516 Oh gìwhfwhxu ã xruhvfhqfh1

Oh gìwhfwhxu ã xruhvfhqfh shuphw gh phvxuhu oh sur�o orqjlwxglqdo gh od

jhueh dwprvskìultxh1 F*hvw od frpsrvdqwh ìohfwurpdjqìwltxh txl suryrtxh

xqh oxplëuh gh xruhvfhqfh sursruwlrqqhoohphqw ã o*ìqhujlh gx sulpdluh1

Od sruwìh g*xq rhlo hvw gh 63 np 1 Od orqjxhxu g*h{wlqfwlrq krul}rqwdoh

gh o*xy gdqv o*dwprvskëuh hvw gh 43 np1 F*hvw grqf srxu frxyulu wrxwhv od

vxuidfh gx gìwhfwhxu txh o*rq d wurlv |hx{ gh prxfkh hw qrq srxu dyrlu o*h�hw

vwìuìrvfrsltxh1 Fkdtxh rhlo d xqh frxyhuwxuh d}lpxwdoh gh 693� hw lud gh 4�

ã 64� hq ìoìydwlrq1 Fkdtxh sl{ho gh od fdpìud yrlw xqh sruwlrq gh flho gh

418��418�1

Page 23: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

Fkdslwuh 6

�� ���� �� �����

Oh vwdjh d frpphqfì sulqflsdohphqw sdu od sulvh hq pdlq gh ghx{ orjlflhov=

� Oh orjlflho gh vlpxodwlrq gh jhuehv dwprvskìultxh DLUHV/ ghyh0

orssì ã o*xqlyhuvlwì gh Od Sodwd hq Dujhqwlqh1

� Oh orjlflho gh wudlwhphqw gh grqqìhv rulhqwì remhw URRW/ gìyh0

orssì dx FHUQ1

Oh suhplhu vhuyludlw ã irxuqlu ohv grqqìhv srxu oh vhfrqg1 Hoohv qh vrqw

sdv frpsdwleohv pdlv xq orjlflho gh wudqvfulswlrq d ìwì frgì1 DLUHV hvw xq

orjlflho txl qh ghpdqgh sdv gh frpsìwhqfhv sduwlfxolëuhv srxu íwuh sulv hq

pdlq1

Od gl!fxowìh sulqflsdoh d ìwì gh suhqguh hq pdlq URRW +grfxphqwdwlrq

soìwkrultxh hw shuihfwleoh,/ pdlv vxuwrxw gh srxyrlu irxuqlu ghv uìvxowdwv

udslghphqw1 Dx OSQKH/ o*ìfudvdqwh pdmrulwì ghv jhqv/ xwlolvhqw hqfruh SDZ

+txl hvw od yhuvlrq dqwìulhxuh gh URRW/ gh frqfhswlrq soxv dqflhqqh/ ã edvh

Iruwudq,1 M*dl hx wuëv ylwh ghv jhuehv ã dqdo|vhu1 M*dl grqf xwlolvì prl dxvvl

SDZ fh txl p*d shuplv gh eìqì�flhu gh o*dlgh gh wrxwh o*ìtxlsh1 Fhod p*d

shuplv g*dydqfhu wrxw hq frqwlqxdqw gh surjuhvvhu gdqv URRW hq whqwdqw

gh uhsurgxluh wrxw fh txl mh idlvdlw dyhf SDZ1

614 Oh orjlflho gh vlpxodwlrq DLUHV1

Oh orjlflho gh vlpxodwlrq DLUHV d ìwì gìyhorssì sdu V1M1Vflxwwr gh o*xql0

yhuvlwì gh Od Sodwd ã sduwlu gh PRFFD +oh orjlflho gh vlpxodwlrq gh jhuehv

dwprvskìultxh mxvtx*doruv od uìiìuhqfh,1 Rqw shxw xwlolvhu gl�ìuhqwv w|shv gh

sduwlfxohv srxu od vlpxodwlrq/ whoohv txh= jdppd/ ìohfwurq/ srvlwurq/ pxrq/

slrq/ qxfoìrq hw qr|dx{ g*xq ] pd{lpxp gh 591 Rq shxw ohxuv grqqhu xqh

ìqhujlh pd{lpxp gh 4 ]hY +432� hY ã surqrqfhu }íwd,1 Od vlpxodwlrq suhqg

hq frpswh ohv surfhvvxv ohv soxv suredeohv vwdwlvwltxhphqw sduodqw1 Rq gì0

jdjh txhotxhv idploohv=

56

Page 24: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

57 FKDSLWUH 61 OH GÌEXW GX VWDJH1

� Ohv surfhvvxv ìohfwurpdjqìwltxhv= surgxfwlrq gh sdluhv hw dqqlklodwlrq

g*ìohfwurqv dyhf ghv srvlwurqv/ euhpvvwudkoxqj4/ ud|rqv ghowd5/ h�hwv

Frpswrq hw skrwrìohfwultxhv/ h�hw Odqgdx0Srphudqfkxn0Pljgdo1

� Gìfurlvvdqfh gh sduwlfxohv lqvwdeohv= slrqv hw pxrqv hq o*rffxuuhqfh1

� Ohv surfhvvxv kdgurqltxhv= ohv froolvlrqv lqìodvwltxhv hqwuh kdgurqv hw

qxfoìrqv hw skrwrqv hw qxfoìrqv/ uìdfwlrq skrwrqxfoìdluh hw od gìvlqwì0

judwlrq qxfoìdluh ìodvwltxh frpph lqìodvwltxh1

� Od sursdjdwlrq gh sduwlfxohv fkdujìhv= gl�xvlrq gh Frxorpe pxowlsohv/

gì ì{lrqv jìrpdjqìwltxhv hw lrqlvdwlrqv1

Oh orjlflho wlhqw frpswh gh od urwrqglwì gh od Whuuh/ fh txl shuphw gh

frqvhuyhu o*h{dfwlwxgh gh fdofxov txho txh vrlw o*dqjoh d}lpxwdo frqvlgìuì1

Elhq hqwhqgx/ od ghqvlwì hq uìsduwlwlrq gh od pdvvh pr|hqqh proìfxodluh gh

o*dwprvskëuh whuuhvwuh/ q*hvw sdv krprjëqh hq irqfwlrq gh o*dowlwxgh1 Srxu od

ghqvlwì hqwuh 3 hw 633 np g*dowlwxgh lo | d 45 ruguhv gh judqghxu1 Frpph

oh vxjjëuhqw ohv �jxuhv/ rq shxw frqvlgìuhu tx*dx ghod gh 445 np od ghqvlwì

hvw txdvlphqw qxooh hw oh srlgv pr|hq proìfxodluh +txl hvw xqh uhsuìvhq0

wdwlrq gh od frpsrvlwrq fklpltxh gh o*dlu, hvw txdvlphqw frqvwdqw mxvtx*ã

<3np> fhv frqvlgìudwlrq ìsdujqhqw ehdxfrxs gh whpsv gh fdofxo1 Od ghq0

vlwì gh o*dlu ydulh judqghphqw hq irqfwlrq gh o*dowlwxgh +�j 6141e,/ frpph

oh prqwuhqw ohv phvxuhv hw frpph oh uhsurgxlw oh prgëoh gh Olqvoh| tx*xwl0

olvh DLUHV +dwprvskëuh lvrwkhuph,1 Od frxsxuh hvw �{ìh ã 445 np/ fh txl

vlpsol�h judqghphqw ohv dojrulwkphv> fh txl hvw mxvwl�ì fdu fhwwh frxsxuh

qh frqfhuqh tx*xqh }rqh gh o*dwprvskëuh dx ghvvxv gh odtxhooh ohv jhuehv

suhqqhqw qdlvvdqfh1

Xqh dxwuh dssur{lpdwlrq frqvlvwh d frqvlgìuhu txh o*dlu hvw idlw g*xqh

vxevwdqfh sxuh gh ]ess @ :16 hw ?~ess

�ess

A @ 318

Od ghqvlwì gh o*dlu qh uhqwuh sdv hq frpswh gdqv o*dojrulwkph hq wdqw txh

who pdlv f*hvw od surirqghxu dwprvskìultxh [� +fi1 �j1 5,/

4 Lo v*djlw gh od udgldwlrq ìplvh sdu xqh sduwlfxoh dffìoìuìh1 Fh whuph hvw xwlolvì srxutxdol�hu oh ud|rqqhphqw fdxvì sdu xqh gìfìoìudwlrq +f*hvw o*ruljlqh gx prw hq doohpdqg,1

O*ìqhujlh ìplvh sdu od sduwlfxoh dffìoìuìh hvw sursruwlrqhooh ã p32/ rü p hvw od pdvvh dx

uhsrv gh od sduwlfxoh1 Oh euhpvvwudkoxqj mrxh xq uroh sduwlfxolëuhphqw lpsruwdqw srxu ohvsduwlfxohv oìjëuhv g*xqh ìqhujlh vxsìulhxu ã 433JhY/ hw qh frqwulexh vxevwdqflhoohphqw ã

od shuwh g*ìqhujlh txh srxu ohv ìohfwurqv15Dxvvl dsshoìv ud|rq B/ lov vrqw ìplv sdu ghv dwrphv dsuëv oh sdvvdjh g*xqh sduwlfxoh

fkdujìh ã wudyhuv xq pdwìuldx1 Wrxwhv sduwlfxohv wudyhuvdqw xq plolhx oxl wudqviëuhqw gh

o*ìqhujlh sdu lrqlvdwlrq rx o*h{flwdwlrq ghv dwrphv txl oh frqvwlwxhqw1 Frpswh whqx ghv

yduldwlrqv vwdwlvwltxhv gh shuwh g*ìqhujlh/ lo h{lvwh xqh suredelolwh gh wudqvphwwuh wursg*hqhujlh +txhotxhv nhY,1 Fhvrqw grqf ghv ìohfwurqv dwrpltxhv gl�xvìv1 Lov vrqw ã od edvh

gx sulqflsh ghv fkdpeuhv ã exoohv srxu fdudfwìulvhu ohv sduwlfxohv/ sxlvtxh od flqìwltxh gx

B ydulh ylrohpphqw hq irqfwlrq gh od pdvvh gh od sduwlfxoh txl wudyhuvh oh plolhx1 Srxuod sk|vltxh ghv ud|rqv frvpltxhv xwlolvdqw ghv ìpxovlrqv skrwrjudskltxhv/ oh B vhuw ã

gìwhuplqhu od fkdujh gh od sduwlfxoh revhuyìh1

Page 25: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

6141 OH ORJLFLHO GH VLPXODWLRQ DLUHV1 58

Iljxuh�614= +d, pr|hqqh gx srlgv proìfxodluh gh o*dwprvskëuh hq irqfwlrq gh

o*dowlwxgh1 +e, ghqvlwì gh o*dlu hq irqfwlrq gh o*dowlwxgh/ od frxueh hq orvdqjhv

uhsuìvhqwh o*dwprvskëuh XV pr|hqqh/ od oljqh frqwlqxh oh prgëoh gh Olqvoh|

hw fhooh hq srlqwlooìv o*dwprvskëuh lvrwkëuph �+k, @ �fh3}��*-A dyhf �

f@

415558 nj2p�> P @ 5;1<99 hw W @ 5;; N1

Page 26: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

59 FKDSLWUH 61 OH GÌEXW GX VWDJH1

Iljxuh�615= Surirqghxu dwprvskìultxh hq irqfwlrq gh o*dowlwxgh/ vhorq oh

prgëoh Olqvoh|1

[�+k,@U"

��+},g}

[�+3,*4333 j2fp2 hw [� $

�<"

31

Oh oleuh sdufrxuv pr|hq �� hvw grqqì sdu=

�� @p@�o

��

> ^��` @ j fp32

fkdtxh lqwhudfwlrq L� hvw fdudfwìulvìh sdu vd vhfwlrq ì!fdfh ��1 p@�o hvw

od pdvvh pr|hqqh g*xq dwrph gx plolhx gdqv ohtxho vh sursdjh ohv sduwlfxohv

+gdqv qrwuh fdv xq �dwrph� g*dlu,1

Rq shxw vlpxohu xqh rx soxvlhxuv jhuehv ã od irlv/ fkrlvlu od odwlwxgh hw od

orqjlwxgh gx olhx gh vlpxodwlrq/ od irufh hw od gluhfwlrq gx fkdps pdjqìwltxh

whuuhvwuh txh o*rq dssoltxh1

Oh surjudpph fhvvh gh vxlyuh ohv sduwlfxohv gdqv fhuwdlq fdv=

� od sduwlfxoh d xqh ìqhujlh lqiìulhxuh dx vhxlo gh gìwhfwlrq hw2rx wurs

idleoh srxu vruwlu gx euxlw1

� od srvlwlrq gh od sduwlfxoh hvw hq ghkruv gh od }rqh lqwìuhvvdqwh/ hooh

hvw shugxh> hooh qh sduylhqgudlw sdv dx gìwhfwhxu1

� od sduwlfxoh vh wurxyh gdqv o*xqh ghv ghx{ }rqhv g*h{foxvlrqv6 gì�qlhv

sdu o*xwlolvdwhxu1

6Ohv }rqhv g*h{foxvlrq vrqw idlwhv srxu uìgxluh oh whpsv gh fdofxo hq qìjoljhdqw fhoohvtxl vhudlhqw lqxwlolvdeohv gdqv od sudwltxh1Rq shxw grqf gì�qlu xqh }rqh lqwhuqh +u $ Dff

p, rü lo | dxudlw wurs gh sduwlfxohv/ fh txl ihudlw vdwxuhu oh gìwhfwhxu rx grqqhudlw xq

Page 27: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

6151 OH ORJLFLHO RULHQWÌ REMHW URRW= 5:

Iljxuh�616= Vwuxfwxuh hq dueuh ghv grqqìh w|sltxhv gh URRW1

� od sduwlfxoh d wrxfkì oh vro1

615 Oh orjlflho rulhqwì remhw URRW=

Fh orjlflho hvw oh vxffhvhxu gh SDZ/ lo hvw ghyhorssì sdu od píph ìtxlsh

gx FHUQ pdlv lo hvw ã edvvh F../ fh txl oxl frqiìuh vd fdudfwìulvwltxh

rulhqwìh remhw1 Vrq lqwìuhw irqgdphqwdo uìvlgh gdqv vd jhvwlrq ghv grqqìhv/

lo ohv fodvvh hw ohv dufklyh vrxv iruph g*dueuhv +wuhh,/ ghv qwxsohv jìqìud0

olvìv1 Fhwwh vwuxfwxuh shuphw soxv gh vrxsohvvh gdqv o*xwlolvdwrq ghv grqqìhv

sxlvtx*rq shxw dxvvl elhq udqjhu ghv qrpeuhv/ pdlv dxvvl ghv remhwv soxv

frpsoh{hv/ frpph ghv fkdñqhv gh fdudfwëuhv/ ghv pdwulfhv hwf1 Od sk|vltxh

frusxvfxodluh d gh soxv hq soxv whqgdqfh ã jìqìuhu ghv grqqìhv +dxvvl elhq

srxu od vlpxodwlrq txh srxu ohv h{sìulhqfhv lq0vlwx,/ fh txl lpsrvdlw xqh

udwlrqqdolvdwlrq gh ohxu jhvwlrq1 Gh soxv vrq suìghfhvvhxu ìwdlhqw frgìv hq

Iruwudq hw xwlolvdlhqw grqf ghv oleudlulhv ylëoohv gh 53 dqv1 Od plvh ã mrxu

gh fh orjlflho ghyhqdlw gl!floh1 Od frqfuìwlvdwlrq gh fh surmhw v*hvw idlwh ã

o*rffdvlrq gh o*h{shulhqfh QD7< hw hq shuvshfwlyh gx OKF1 Hq h�hw QD7<

yd surgxluh xqh txdqwlwì gh grqqìhv ìtxlydohqwh ã fhooh dwwhqgxh dx OKF1

vljqdo lqh{sorlwdeoh1 Hw xqh }rqh h{whuqh +ã u wuhv judqg, rx oh qrpeuh gh sduwlfxohv vhudlw

wurs idleoh hw qh qrxv dssuhqgudlw ulhq1

Page 28: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

5; FKDSLWUH 61 OH GÌEXW GX VWDJH1

URRW srvvëgh xq fhuwdlq qrpeuh gh vwuxfwxuhv suìgì�qlhv srxu dufkl0

yhu xqh txdqwlwì pdvvlyh gh grqqìhv hw txl hq shuphwwh od jhvwlrq h!fdfh1

Lo hvw srvvleoh g*dffìghu gluhfwhphqw ã ghv grqqìhv vsìfl�txhv vdqv dyrlu ã

wrxfkhu ã o*hqvhpeoh ghv grqqìhv1 Hoohv shxyhqw íwuh plvhv vrxv iruph g*klv0

wrjudpphv ã xqh/ ghx{ rx wurlv glphqvlrqv/ rq shxw h�hfwxhu ghv �wv/ ghv

plqlplvdwlrqv hw wrxwhv vruwhv g*dqdo|vhv vwdwlvwltxhv1

URRW srvvëgh vrqw sursuh lqwhusuìwhxu gh F.. pdlv vl o*rq vrxkdlwh

soxv gh shuirpdqfhv/ lo hvw srvvleoh gh uhfrxulu ã xq frpslodwhxu F..1 Lo

hvw srvvleoh gh idluh ghv pdfurv hq F.. srxu idfloolwhu oh wudydlo rx o*dxwr0

pdwlvhu/ pdlv rq shxw dxvvl wdshu ohv frppdqghv vrxv oh surpswh gh URRW

frpph rq oh idlvdlw dyhf SDZ1

Gh soxv URRW d ìwì suìyx srxu irqfwlrqqhu hq uìvhdx1 Frpph f*hvw

xq orjlflho oleuh lo shxw íwuh dpìolruì sdu o*dmrxw gh sdfndjhv lvvxhv gh wrxv

krul}rqv1

616 H{hpsohv gh jhueh dwprvskìultxh1

Xqh jhueh pr|hqqh1 Qrxv doorqv qrxv lqwìuhvvhu ã xqh jhueh gh surwrq

ã 433 Hhy lqfolqìh gh 53� sdu udssruw dx }ìqlwk ã od odwlwxgh gx gìwhfwhxu

gx Qrug ghv Hwdwv Xqlv1 Od �jxuh 7 qrxv prqwuh o*ìqhujlh hq irqfwlrq hw

od uìsduwlwlrq vsdwldoh dx vro1 Od suhplëuh fkrvh txh o*rq frqvwdwh f*hvw txh

ohv pxrqv vrqw ohv soxv ìqhujìwltxhv/ lo frqwulexhqw srxu xqh pdmhxu sduwlh

ã fhooh fl1 Od iruph gh �wrxslh� prqwuh txh suëv gx fhqwuh gh od jhueh ohv

sduwlfxohv vrqw ohv soxv ìqhujìwltxhv fh txl v*h{soltxh sdu oh idlw tx*hoohv

rqw shx lqwhudjl1 Ohv slrqv iruphqw xqh frxurqqh wuëv fodluh vhpìh hw vrqw

g*ìqhujlh pr|hqqh/ lov vrqw wuëv h{fhqwuìv fdu lov vrqw ohv surgxlwv gh pxowlsohv

lqwhudfwlrqv1 Ohv ìohfwurqv hw ohv skrwrqv vrqw od pdmrulwì ghv sduwlfxohv hw

vrqw gh soxv idleoh ìqhujlh1

Od �jxuh 8 qrxv uhprqwuh od glvwulexwlrq joredoh gh o*ìqhujlh +d,1 Ohv

hqfduwv gx edv qrxv od prqwuh hq irqfwlrq ghv wurlv w|shv sulqflsdx{ gh

sduwlfxohv1 Hq +e, ohv skrwrqv txl vrqw wuëv qrpeuhx{ pdlv g*ìqhujlh uhodwl0

yhphqw edvvh1 Ohv ìohfwurqv rqw xq píph UPV txh ohv skrwrqv pdlv ohxuv

qrpeuh hw soxv idleoh hw o*ìqhujlh pr|hqqh hvw soxv iruwh +fhqwuìh vxu 05 �468

PhY,1 Hq�q ohv pxrqv +g, uhsuhvhqwh xqh srsxodwlrq lqwhupìgdluh pdlv wuëv

ìqhujìwltxh1

Od �jxuh 9 qrxv prqwuh ohv skrwrqv/ ohv pxrqv hw ohv ìohfwurqv duulyhu

txdvlphqw hqvhpeoh +gdqv ohv píphv gl{ plfurvhfrqghv,/ vhxov ohv qhxwurqv

duulyhqw elhq dsuëv/ hw fhx{/ hq sdv prlqv gh :3 plfurvhfrqghv1 O*lqfolqdl0

vrq gh od jhueh vh olh wuëv elhq gdqv od iruph grqqìh sdu od pdmrulwì ghv

sduwlfxohv1 F*hvw xqh vruwh gh iurqw gh f÷qh fhqwuì vxu ohv [ hw \ qxov pdlv

dxvvl oh whpsv qxo1 Fhod qrxv lqgltxh ohv skrwrqv txl yrqw sdu gì�qlwlrq ã

od ylwhvvh gh od oxplëuh hw txl vrqw shx gìylìv gx fhqwuh gh od jhueh1 Mxvwh

dx ghvvxv +hq whpsv, vrqw oh sduwlfxohv txl vrqw xowuduhodwlylvwhv/ whov qrv

Page 29: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

6161 H[HPSOHV GH JHUEH DWPRVSKÌULTXH1 5<

Iljxuh�617= O*ìqhujlh hvw h{sulpìh hq orjdulwkph gh JhY1 [ srlqwh yhuv oh

Qrug hw \ yhuv o*rxhvw/ lov vrqw hq pëwuh1

pxrqv +vl fh q*ìwdlw sdv oh fdv/ lov q*dxudlhqw sdv xq idfwhxu gh Oruhqw} vxi0

�vdqw srxu wrxfkhu oh vro frpswh whqx gh ohxuv f�,1 Soxv ohv sduwlfxohv vrqw

ã xq \ srvlwli ìohyì hw soxv hoohv duulyhqw wdug +hw lqyhuvhphqw,1

Jhuehv lghqwltxhv ã lqfolqdlvrqv gl�ìuhqwhv1 Yrlfl pdlqwhqdqw ghv

h{hpsohv gh jhuehv lghqwltxhv +surwrq ã 433 HhY, pdlv ã ghv dqjohv gl�ì0

uhqwv1

Rq suhqg frqvflhqfh gh o*lq xhqfh gh o*dqjoh g*lqflghqfh gh od jhueh vxu

vrqw ghyhqlu1 Sdu h{hpsoh vl rq frqvlgëuh od surirqghxu dwprvskìultxh +fi

�j 615,/ rq vh uhqg frpswh txh oh pd{lpxp gh od jhueh od soxv lqfolqìh d olhx

wuëv w÷w ã ; np doruv txh ohv dxwuhv vrqw soxw÷w hqwuh 41; hw 51; np1 Vdfkdqw

tx*dsuëv oh pd{lpxp gh od jhueh ohv glyhuvhv srsxodwlrqv gìfurlvvhqw/ rq

frpsuhqg srxutxrl od jhueh ã :3� hvw od prlqv shxsoìh1

Page 30: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

63 FKDSLWUH 61 OH GÌEXW GX VWDJH1

Iljxuh�618=

Page 31: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

6161 H[HPSOHV GH JHUEH DWPRVSKÌULTXH1 64

Iljxuh�619= Oh whpsv g*duulyì hvw hq qv1 Lo shxw íwuh qìjdwli fdu hvw frqvlgìuì

frpph whpsv }ìur fhoxl g*xq skrwrq txl wrxfkh oh vro hq v*ìwdqw sursdjì

gdqv od píph gluhfwlrq txh oh sulpdluh1

Page 32: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

65 FKDSLWUH 61 OH GÌEXW GX VWDJH1

Dqjoh 3� 53� 63� :3�

Surirqghxu dx pd{lpxq +j2fp2, ;;<1848 ;691<<: :::1:69 6491793

Jdppd +43b, 5<:1;9 63:1:5 5<51;: 31547

Hqhujlh sdu jdppd +ShY243b, :<158 ;<13: :313< 65198

hn hw h3 +43b, 88177 8;189 87133 31375

Hqhujlh sdu hn hw h3+ShY243b, 58<195 5<714; 5451<3 43:1;8

pxrqv +43b, 315< 315: 315< 313;6

Hqhujlh sdu pxrqv +ShY243b,1 :49;1<9 :4581<5 :8771;5 59658163

Gdqv oh wdeohdx qrxv frqvwdwrqv txh oh qrpeuh gh sduwlfxohv oh soxv

ìohyì hvw srxu od jhueh gh 53�1 Fhod wudgxlw tx*hooh d wrxfkìh oh vro surfkh

gh vrqw pd{lpxp1 Od jhueh ã 3� hvw soxv �dqflhqqh�/ f*hvw ã gluh tx*hooh d

wrxfkì oh vro soxv orlq gh vrq pd{lpxp1 Ohv vljqh glvwlqfwliv gh fhod vrqw

xq qrpeuh lqiìulhxu hq jdppd hw hq ìohfwurq/ fdu fhx{ fl rqw hx soxv gh

wudmhw srxu h�hfwxhu ghv surfhvvxv frpph fhx{ h{srvìv dx 614 +sdu h{1

euhpvvwudkoxqj,/ hw xqh soxv judqgh txdqwlwì gh pxrqv/ fdu lov lqwhudjlvvhqw

ehdxfrxs prlqv1 F*hvw g*dloohxuv oh fdv ghv jhuehv ã 63� hw :3� txl rqw hoohv

dxvvl ohxu pd{lpxp soxv hq dydqw gh wrxfkhu ohv fxyhv1 Oh judskhv :/; hw

< vrqw oh uh hw gx wdeohdx hw gh o*ìyroxwlrq orqjlwxglqdoh gh fhv jhuehv1 Rq

yrlw fodluhphqw oh olhx gh fkdfxq ghv pd{lpxpv1 Rq frqvwdwh vxu od �jxuh

< txh oh pd{lpxp duulyh dx píph hqgurlw srxu wrxwhv ohv sduwlfxohv pdlv

txh od gìfurlvvdqfh hq irqfwlrq gh od glvwdqfh hvw elhq soxv ohqwh srxu ohv

pxrqv1 Grqf ohv �jxuhv : hw < prqwuhqw ghv jhuehv duulydqw dx vro gxudqw

od gìfurlvvdqfh gh ohxu srsxodwlrq/ doruv txh od jhueh gh od �jxuh ; hvw ã

vrq frpeoh1 Ohv ìqhujlhv sdu sduwlfxoh h{sulpìhv gdqv oh wdeohdx vrqw fhooh

tx*rqw ohv sduwlfxohv dx vro1 Hooh hvw g*dxwdqw soxv judqgh txh oh wudmhw d

ìwì idleoh/ hw grqf txh ohv surfhvvxv vxvfhswleohv g*djlu ghvvxv vrqw prlqv

iuìtxhqwv1

Xqh jhueh gdqv xq fkdps1 Fhwwh jhueh hvw revhuyìh dx s÷oh Qrug/

hq suìvhqfh gx fkdps pdjqìwltxh1 Oh fkrl{ gx s÷oh Qrug hvw idlw srxu

eìqì�flhu g*xq fkdps yhuwulfdo hw grqf rewhqlu oh pd{lpxp gh gìyldwlrq

ghv sduwlfxohv fkdujìhv1 Lo v*djlw g*xq DSIh g*xqh ìqhujlh lqlwldoh gh 433 HhY

hw lqfolqìh gh :3�/ �lqmhfwì� ã 433 np g*dowlwxgh1 O*lqwhqvlwì gx fkdps hvw

gh 8819:< �W1

Frqwudluhphqw ã od jhueh suìfìghqwh ohv pxrqv vrqw pdmrulwdluhv sdu

udssruw dx{ ìohfwurqv1 Fhod v*h{soltxh sdu oh idlw txh od jhueh hvw wuëv lqfolqìh

hw wudyhuvh xq fkdps pdjqìwltxh1 Ohv sduwlfxohv fkdujìhv ud|rqqhqw gdqv

xq who fkdps/ pdlv oh sulqflsdoh gh od gìfurlvvdqfh gh od srsxodwlrq hvw gx

dx orqj wudmhw/ ohv pxrqv | vrqw rlqv vhqvleohv +fi1 ¢ suìfëghqw,1 O*lqfolqdlvrq

idlw sdufrxulu soxv gh wudmhw dx{ ìohfwurqv hw dx{ jdppdv tx*dx{ ohv pxrqv

txl vh iruphqw soxv wdug1

Page 33: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

6161 H[HPSOHV GH JHUEH DWPRVSKÌULTXH1 66

Iljxuh�61:= Od surirqghxu dwprvskìultxh phvxuh ohv glvwdqfhv hq j2fp2

gdqv ohv plolhx{ ã ghqvlwì yduldeoh

Iljxuh�61;=

Page 34: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

67 FKDSLWUH 61 OH GÌEXW GX VWDJH1

Iljxuh�61<=

Ohv fdudfwìulvwltxhv sulqflsdohv +dx vro/ lfl 414: np, gh fhwwh jhuehv vrqw

grqqìhv gdqv oh wdeohdx vxlydqw=

Qrp ghv sduwlfxohv qrpeuh +43S, Hqhujlh sdu sduwlfxohv +ShY243S,

Jdppdv 5:;15:: 313683:5<9:

ìohfwurqv 7614;4 313;8787584

srvlwurqv 491893 31477<5:869

pxrqv +., 881:<: 631:5397;39

pxrqv +0, 8:1864 5<1<675<95<

qhxwurqv 841<:4 314;<85;::9

Ohv sduwlfxohv fkdujìhv 4:613<; 4<1;;:85369

Ohv sduwlfxohv qhxwuhv 6631549 3138<748988

Wrxwhv ohv sduwlfxohv 8361647 917;45;5395

D qrwhu Tx*lo q*| d txdvlphqw soxv gh slrqv hw gh surwrqv hw dqwlsurwrqv/

dxfxq ndrq ql qr|dx1

DLUHV shuphw gh vxlyuh od frpsrvlwlrq gh od jhueh dyhf o*dowlwxgh srxu

txhotxhv sdudpëwuhv1 Hw oh qrpeuh pd{lpxp gh sduwlfxohv fkdujìhv d ìwì

gh ;614< 43b=

Od �jxuh 43 frq�uph txh ohv pxrqv uhsuìvhqwhqw od pdmrulwì ghv sduwl0

fxohv dx vro hw vhpeohqw sduidlwhphqw v|pìwultxh sdu udssruw dx fhqwuh gh od

jhueh frpph hq wìprljqh ohv hqfduwv +d, hw +f,1 Rq frqvwdwh txh ohv skrwrqv

+e, vrqw wrwdohphqw v|pìwultxhv/ fh txl hvw elhq qrupdo sxlvtx*lov qh vrqw

sdv lq xhqfìv sdu oh fkdps1 Ohv ìohfwurqv +hw srvlwurqv, vrqw uhsuìvhqwìv hq

+g,/ xqh irlv gh soxv rq qh qrwh sdv gh glvv|pìwulh1 Ohv hqfduwv gx edv vrqw

Page 35: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

6161 H[HPSOHV GH JHUEH DWPRVSKÌULTXH1 68

qhwwhphqw soxv lqwìuhvvdqwv hq h�hw +f, |7 hvw gìfruwltxì hq ghx{ sduwlhv/

o*xq srxu ohv pxrqv srvlwliv +h, hw o*dxwuh srxu ohv pxrqv qìjdwliv +i,1 Rq

frqvwdwh txh ohv �n vrqw pdmrulwdluhphqw gx frwì srvlwli gh o*d{h ghv | doruv

txh ohv �3 vrqw gx frwì qìjdwli1 Od }rqh gh uhfrxyuhphqw hvw gh 6933 p

fh txl hvw ã shx suëv od wdlooh gh od }rqh gh qrq0uhfrxyuhphqw1 Gh píph oh

vfkìpd +g, shxw vh glylvhu hq srvlwurqv +j, hw ìohfwurqv +k,1 Rq d/ gh píph/

oh gìfdodjh sdu udssruw dx fhqwuh gh od jhueh hw odwìudohphqw dx vhqv gh

od sursdjdwlrq1 Lo hvw elhq prlqv surqrqfì txh fhoxl ghv pxrqv/ sxlvtxh oh

fhqwuh gh od wdfkh hvw vhqvleohphqw vxu oh }ìur1 Vhxo xq shwlw qrpeuh g*hqwuh

hx{ vrqw soxv gìfdoìv/ fhod vh wudgxlw sdu xqh glvv|pìwulh gh o*ìfkhooh ghv |

sdu udssruw dx }ìur1 Fhod lpsoltxh txh ohv ìohfwurqv hw srvlwurqv rqw shx ìwì

gìylìv sdu oh fkdps/ doruv tx*lo sruwhqw od píph fkdujh txh ohv pxrqv txl

| vrqw ehdxfrxs soxv vhqvleohv1 Fhfl v*h{soltxh sdu oh idlw txh fhv ìohfwurqv

hw srvlwurqv vh vrqw irupìv wduglyhphqw gdqv od jhueh hw rqw grqf prlqv

vxel gh gìyldwlrq1 Fhx{ txl vh vrqw irupìv soxw÷w rqw ud|rqqìv vrxv o*dfwlrq

gx fkdps1 G*dxwuh sduw rq frqvwdwh od frq�updwlrq ghv fkl�uhv h{sulpìv

gdqv oh wdeohdx qrxv glvdqw txh ohv srvlwurqv vrqw suhvtxh txdwuh irlv prlqv

qrpeuhx{ txh ohv ìohfwurqv1

Od jhueh gh od �jxuh 44 hvw xqh grxeoh jhueh/ soxv lqfolqìh txh od suìfì0

ghqwh +;3�, hw dyhf xq fkdps soxv iruw1 Ohv uhpdutxhv d vrq vxmhw vrqw ohv

píphv pdlv ohv h�hwv vrqw soxv pdutxìv1 Rq qrwh wrxw gh píph xqh oìjëuh

lq xhqfh gx fkdps vxu fhuwdlqv skrwrqv/ fh txl v*h{soltxh shu od irupdwlrq

wduglyh ã sduwlu gh sduwlfxohv fkdujìhv/ hw grqf lov uh ëwhqw od glvsrvlwlrq gh

fhv ghuqlhuv1

Uhpdutxh= Od v|pìwulh ghv jhuehv dxwrxu gh o*d{h gh sursdjdwlrq hvw

lqwìuhvvdqwh fdu hooh shuphw gh uhwurxyhu oh fhqwuh gh od jhueh1 Xq fkdps

yd grqf eulvhu od v|pìwulh hw lo idxgud h�hfwxhu xqh fruuhfwlrq irqfwlrq gx

fkdps srxu uhwurxyhu oh srlqw g*lpsdfw gx fhqwuh gh od jhueh1

7O*d{h gh [ srlqwh yhuv oh Qrug hw fhoxl ghv \ yhuv o*Rxhvw1

Page 36: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

69 FKDSLWUH 61 OH GÌEXW GX VWDJH1

Iljxuh�6143= Uìsduwlwlrq dx vro ghv sduwlfxohv srxu xqh jhueh vrxplvh ã xq

fkdps pdjqìwltxh1

Page 37: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

6161 H[HPSOHV GH JHUEH DWPRVSKÌULTXH1 6:

Iljxuh�6144= H{hpsoh gh grxeohv jhuehv dx s÷oh qrug dyhf ghv sulpdluhv gh

ihu ã 432�hY 1 Oh fkrl{ gx s÷oh qrug srxu dyrlu oh fkdps whuuhvwuh yhuwlfdo

pd{lpxp1 Xqh h{solfdwlrq hvw grqqìh gdqv oh wh{wh1

Page 38: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

6; FKDSLWUH 61 OH GÌEXW GX VWDJH1

Page 39: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

Fkdslwuh 7

�� ������� �� ������

714 Srxutxrl frpswhu ohv pxrqvB

Wurlv frpsrvdqwhv vrqw suìvhqwhv gdqv xqh jhueh lvvxh g*xq kdgurq1 Od

fdvfdgh kdgurqltxh suëv gh o*d{h +433p,/ od fdvfdgh ìohfwurpdjqìwltxh +�f,

hw od fdvfdgh ghv slrqv +kdugurqv wrxmrxuv, fkdujìv1 Od gìvlqwìjudwlrq ghv

�f grqqh sulqflsdohphqw ghv skrwrqv hw ghv ìohfwurqv/ txl/ vl ohxu ìqhujlh

hvw vx!vdqwh/ uhgrqqhqw hqfruh fhv píphv frpsrvdqwhv sdu euhpvvwudkoxqj1

Ohv �� vrqw ghx{ irlv soxv qrpeuhx{ txh ohv �f hw grqqhqw ghv pxrqv vl

oh f� @ f��f @ f.6�f hvw lqiìulhxu rx surfkh gh od orqjxhxu g*lqwhudfwlrq/

txl hvw hqwuh 53 hw 83 JhY1 Srxu gìfuluh txdolwdwlyhphqw xqh jhueh idlwh

g*xq qr|dx/ txh qrxv suhqgurqv lfl frpph ìwdqw gx DSIh/ rq dssoltxh oh

sulqflsh gh vxshusrvlwlrq1 F*hvw ã gluh tx*xqh jhueh g*xqh sulpdluh gh ihu ã

xqh ìqhujlh Hf shxw íwuh uhsuìvhqwìhv sdu od vxshusrvlwlrq gh 89 jhuehv gh

surwrqv g*ìqhujlh lqlwldoh .f

DS1 Gh pdqlëuh jìqìudoh srxu �Q rq d Q�

> +H, �

Df��D

Q�> +H, vrlw ;3( gh pxrqv gh soxv srxu xq sulpdluh gh ihu sdu udssruw

ã xq surwrq gh píph ìqhujlh41 F*hvw srxutxrl oh frpswdjh gh pxrqv hvw

vl lpsruwdqw/ lo shuphw gh uhprqwhu dx sulpdluh1 Rq q*hvsëuh wrxwhirlv sdv

xqh judqgh suìflvlrq vxu od qdwxuh gh fh ghuqlhu/ rq qh shqvh sdv srxyrlu

glvwlqjxhu xq surwrq g*xq fduerqh rx xq fdoflxp g*xq ihu1

715 Uhfkhufkh ghv pxrqv gdqv xq vljqdo vlpxoì gh

fxyhv gl�ìuhqwhv1

Srxu fhod m*xwlolvh ghv �fklhuv gh grqqìhv vlpxodqw oh qrpeuh gh skrwrìohfw0

urqv uhohyìv sdu fxyhv vrolflwìhv/ srxu ghv jhuehv gh ihu hw gh surwrq1 Rq

4Fhfl vh frpsuhqg elhq hq frqvlgìudqw txh/ soxv o*ìqhujlh lqlwldoh hvw idleoh/ hw soxw÷w

rq hvw dx{ 83 JhY txl shuphwwhqw gh surgxluh ghv pxrqv1 Dlqvl srxu ohv qr|dx{ ohv soxv

orxugv/ od surgxfwlrq ghv pxrqv d olhx soxv w÷w gdqv oh gìyhorsshphqw gh od jhueh txh

srxu ohv qr|dx{ oìjhuv1 Fhv pxrqv duulyhqw soxv udslghphqw hw soxv uhjurxsìv dx vro txh

fhx{ surgxlwv soxv wduglyhphqw1

6<

Page 40: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

73 FKDSLWUH 71 OH FRPSWDJH GH PXRQV1

Iljxuh�714= Vljqdo who txh oh uhwudqvphw oh dvk0DGF d|dqw ox ohv vljqdx{

dqdorjltxhv ghv wurlv SP g*xqh fxyh1 Hq idlw oh vljqdo q*hvw sdv gluhfwhphqw

h{sulpì hq skrwrìohfwurq pdlv hq yrow1 Od iuìtxhqfh gh froohfwh ghv fkdujhv

vxu ohv dvk0DGF hvw gh 58 qv vrlw 73 PK}

glvsrvh gh �fklhuv gh jhuehv gh ihu hw surwrq gìmd vlpxoìv/ ã sduwlu ghvtxhov

rq uhfrqvlwxh fh txh vhud oh frpsruwhphqw gx ghwhfwhxu1 Fhod vh wudgxlw

sdu xq �fklhu frpsruwdqw wurlv frorqqhv uhsuìvhqwdqw oh qxpìur duelwudluh

gx gìwhfwhxu vroolflwì / od glvwdqfh gh fhoxl fl sdu udssruw dx fhqwuh gh od

jhueh hw hq�q o*dqjoh1 Srxu fkdtxh fxyh/ vrqw ìfulwv/ vxu ohv píphv frorqqhv/

uhvshfwlyhphqw od qdwxuh ghv sduwlfxohv5/ oh whpsv g*duulyìh hw oh qrpeuh

gh skrwrqv hw ìohfwurqv lvvxh gx ud|rqqhphqw Fhuhqnry odlvvìv sdu fkdtxh

sduwlfxohv gdqv fkdfxqhv ghv fxyhv1 Fh surfhvvxv hvw uìsìwì srxu xq qrpeuh

dmxvwdeoh gh jhuehv1

71514 Dqdo|vh ghv �fklhuv gh vlpxodwlrqv gh vljqdo1

Gdqv xq suhplhu whpsv lo idxw fuìhu xq surjudpph srxu uhfrqvwlwxhu oh vljqdo

+fi1 �j1 4,1 Fhoxl fl vh suìvhqwh doruv vrxv od iruph g*xqh vrpph gh skrwrì0

ohfwurqv sdu eorfv gh 58 qv hq irqfwlrq gx whpsv1 Ohv vljqdx{ dqdorjltxhv

ghv skrwrpxowlsolfdwhxuv vrqw oxv sdu ghv dvk0DGF g*xqh iuìtxhqfh gh 73

PK} fh txl shuphw gh vìsduhu vx!vdqw suìflvìphqw ohv pxrqv ghv ìohfwurqv1

Oh vljqdo hvw hquhjlvwuì txdqg vd vrpph hvw ìtxlydohqwh ã txhotxhv pxrqv

yhuwlfdx{1 Lo | d xqh fruuhvsrqgdqfh hqwuh o*ìqhujlh gìsrvì sdu od sduwlfxoh

vrxv iruph gh ud|rqqhphqw Fhuhqnry hw oh qrpeuh gh skrwrìohfwurqv1 Oã

ghvvxv/ rq dssoltxh xq fulwëuh txl shuphwwud gh gluh tx*dx ghvvxv lo v*djlw

g*xq pxrq6 hw tx*dx ghvvrxv lo shxw v*djlu gh soxvlhxuv skrwrqv rx ìohfw0

urqv1 Oh fulwëuh oh soxv vlpsoh hvw xq vhxlo/ f*hvw fhoxl txl d ìwì uhwhqx srxu

54 srxu ohv skrwrqv/ �2 srxu ohv h

�hw �� srxu ohv >

��

6Xq pxrq yhuwlfdo uhsuìvhqwh ã shx suhv 433 skrwr0ìohfwurqv1

Page 41: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

7151 UHFKHUFKHGHVPXRQVGDQVXQ VLJQDO VLPXOÌ GH FXYHVGLIIÌUHQWHV174

fh vwdjh71 Qdwxuhoohphqw/ soxv rq dssurfkh gx fhqwuh gh od jhueh hw prlqv lo

hvw shuwlqhqw1 Hq h�hw/ yhuv oh fhqwuh lo | d xq pd{lpxp gh sduwlfxohv txl du0

ulyhqw dx vro/ lo q*hvw soxv srvvleoh gh glvfhuqhu txrl txh fh vrlw sduplv wrxv fh

rw gh skrwrìohfwurqv1 Xq pxrq qh vh glvwlqjxh soxv gh soxvlhxuv skrwrqv/

ìohfwurqv rx gh soxvlhxuv pxrqv1 Dlqvl vxu od �jxuh 4/ rq vh uhqg frpswh

tx*hqwuh ohv elqv 44 hw 6; xq fhuwdlq qrpeuh gh ydohxuv vrqw qhwwhphqw vxsì0

ulhxuhv ã 433 skrwrìohfwurqv1 Sdu h{hpsoh fhooh txl ydxw 733 skrwrìohfwurqv/

srxuudlw uhsuìvhqwhu txdwuh pxrqv +ã 433 skrwrìohfwurqv,/ 49 ìohfwurqv +ã

58 skrwrìohfwurqv, rx xqh frpelqdlvrq ghv ghx{ hwf111 Vdqv sduohu tx*xq

pxrq wudyhuvdqw xqh fxyh gh wudyhuv/ yd | sdufrxulu soxv rx prlqv gh wudmhw

vxlydqw ohv fdv/ hw grqf suryrtxhu soxv rx prlqv gh skrwrìohfwurqv/ fh txl

shxw oh idluh sdvvhu srxu xq skrwrq rx xq ìohfwurq yhuwlfdo1

Mh uhfrqvwlwxh oh vljqdo srxu fkdtxh fxyh hw fkdtxh jhueh/ sxlv m*| ds0

soltxh oh fulwëuh1 Dlqvl rq shxw rewhqlu oh qrpeuh gh pxrqv yìulwdeohphqw

suìvhqwv sdu fxyh/ oh frpsduhu dyhf fhoxl ghv �fdqglgdwv pxrqv�1 F*hvw ã gluh/

ohv remhwv txh qrwuh fulwëuh d gìwhuplqìv frpph ìwdqw ghv pxrqv1 Dlqvl rq

shxw wurxyhu txho hvw oh vhxlo txl grqqh ohv phloohxuv uìvxowdwv1 Fh vhxlo hvw

gl�ìuhqw vxlydqw txh o*rq vlpxoh ghv jhuehv gh ihu hw gh surwrq1 Wrxwhirlv

fhwwh gl�ìuhqfh qh vh uìyëoh sdv vljql�fdwlyh hq whuphv gh pxrqv gìwhfwìv

hw xqh ydohxu gh <3 skrwrìohfwurqv srxu xq pxrqv grqqh gh erqv uìvxowdwv1

Yhuv oh fhqwuh gh od jhueh oh qrpeuh gh pxrqv hw wrxmrxuv vxu ìydoxì sxlvtxh

ghv �slfv� qrq gxv ã ghv pxrqv vrqw frpswdelolvìv frpph whov1

71515 Yìul�fdwlrq gh od fruuhvsrqgdqfh dyhf od wkìrulh1

Frpph yx suìfhghphqw/ ohv prgëohv suìyrlhqw tx*hqwuh xqh jhueh gh ihu hw

xqh jhueh gh surwrq lo | dlw xqh gl�ìuhqfh gx qrpeuh gh pxrqv gh :3 ã

;3(1 Mh grlv grqf dqdo|vhu soxvlhxuv jhuehv dyhf glyhuv vhxlov hw frpsduhu

dyhf ghv sulpdluhv gh ihu hw gh surwrq1 Xq erq vhxlo vhud grqf xq vhxlo txl

shuphwwud gh uhwurxyhu fh uìvxowdw wkìrultxh1 Fh qh vhud sdv irufìphqw oh

phloohxu fulwëuh srxu fkdtxh w|sh gh jhueh pdlv fh vhud fhoxl txl hvw rswlplvì

srxu oh glvfhuqhphqw hqwuh jhuehv gh sulpdluhv gl�ìuhqwv1 Frpph rq oh yrlw

gdqv oh wdeohdx/ oh vhxlo hvw hqwuh <8 hw 433 skrwrìohfwurqv srxu xq pxrq1

F*hvw xq shx soxv ìohyì txh srxu xqh jhueh gh ihu sdu h{hpsoh1

7Rq prqwuhud soxv orlq/ txh pdojuì vd vlpsolflwì lo hvw dvvh} ydodeoh vl o*rq qh vh

udssurfkh sdv wurs gx fhqwuh gh od jhueh1 Xq ud!qhphqw vxssoìphqwdluh dxudlw qhfhvvlwì

ghv h�ruwv vdqv judqg lqwìuëw gdqv oh fdguh gx vwdjh1

Page 42: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

75 FKDSLWUH 71 OH FRPSWDJH GH PXRQV1

vhxlo +hq skrwrìohfwurqv, (qrpeuh gh pxrqv suryhqdqw g*xq surwrq

qrpeuh gh pxrqv suryhqdqw g*xq ihu

gìwhfwlrq ì{dfw 9:193

:3 9<183

:8 9<133

;3 9;1:3

;8 9;183

<3 9;153

<8 9:1;3

433 9:183

438 991<3

443 99163

463 961<3

Wrxwhirlv rq vh udssurfkh ghv ydohxuv h{sìulphqwdohv txl grqqhqw xq shx

soxv gh 433 skrwrìohfwurqv srxu xq pxrq yhuwlfdo1

71516 Frq�updwlrq gh od gl!fxowì gh glvfhuqhu hqwuh jhuehv

gh sulpdluhv gl�ìuhqwv1

Ohv jhuehv gh ihu hw gh surwrq txh qrxv dyrqv xwlolvìhv vrqw wrxwhv lqfolqìhv

gh 73� sdu udssruw dx }ìqlwk hw rqw xqh ìqhujlh lqlwldoh gh 433 HhY1

Od �jxuh 51+d, qrxv grqqh oh qrpeuh gh pxrq sdu fxyh hq irqfwlrq gh od

glvwdqfh dx fhqwuh gh od jhueh1 Vhxoh xqh gl}dlqh gh fxyhv vrqw wrxfkìhv sdu

jhueh1 Od iruph hq h{srqhqwlhooh vdxwh dx{ |hx{1 Hooh v*h{soltxh idflohphqw

sdu oh vlpsoh idlw txh soxv rq vh udssurfkh gx fhqwuh hw soxv oh qrpeuh gh

pxrqv hvw judqg1 Rq | d xq vljqdo pdvvli hw frqixv txl d hq soxv whqgdqfh ã

vxuìydoxhu oh qrpeuh gh skrwrìohfwurqv gdqv xq fdv gh frpswdjh qrq0h{dfw1

Oh fdguh +e, qrxv prqwuh od píph fkrvh tx*hq +d, pdlv hq ìfkhooh orjdulwk0

pltxh/ hw rq frqvwdwh tx*dx{ idleohv glvwdqfhv oh fkrl{ gx �w h{srqhqwlho

hvw sduwlfxolëuhphqw lqgltxì1 O*lgìh hvw grqf gh idluh xq �w hq irqfwlrq gh

od glvwdqfh srxu uhqrupdolvhu oh judskh +d,1 Frpph ghv fxyhv rqw ìwì vrool0

flwìhv elhq tx*hoohv qh frqwlhqqhqw sdv gh pxrqv hoohv suryrtxhqw ghv ydohxuv

qxoohv vxu oh judskh +d,/ hq h�hw o*hquhjlvwuhphqw dxwrpdwlvì vh idlw oruvtxh

oh qrpeuh gh skrwrìohfwurqv hvw ìtxlydohqw ã txhotxhv pxrqv vdqv tx*lo | hq

dlw srxu dxwdqw1 Doruv txh gdqv oh fdv g*xqh gìwhfwlrq edvìh vxu xq vhxlo lo

q*| d sdv gh ydohxuv qxoohv/ fdu fkdtxhv slf gìsdvvdqw oh vhxlo hvw frqvlgìuìh

frpph xq pxrq1 D fdxvh ghv }ìurv lo hvw lpsrvvleoh gh �whu xqh h{srqhq0

wlhooh vxu +d, hw +e,1 Srxu vh gìeduudvvhu ghv ydohxuv qxoohv vdqv shuguh ohxu

frqfrxuv ã od vwdwlvwltxh rq shxw glylvhu oh judskh hq soxvlhxuv sduwlhv hw |

idluh od pr|hqqh1 Lo idxw txh fhv sduwlhv vrlhqw vx!vdpphqw judqghv srxu

txh od pr|hqqh q*| vrlw sdv qxooh1 Hq +f, qrxv dyrqv idlw 53 pr|hqqhv vxu

ohvtxhoohv lo d ìwì srvvleoh gh wurxyhu xqh frxueh gh whqgdqfh vrxv iruph

g*xqh h{srqhqwlhooh gìfurlvvdqwh +g,1Fhwwh frxueh qrxv shuphw gh uhqrupd0

olvhu hw grqf g*dwwìqxhu ohv h�hwv gh sur{lplwì gx fhqwuh gh od jhueh1 Xqh irlv

Page 43: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

7151 UHFKHUFKHGHVPXRQVGDQVXQ VLJQDO VLPXOÌ GH FXYHVGLIIÌUHQWHV176

Iljxuh�715= Fhwwh �jxuh uhsuìvhqwh od pìwkrgh gh uhqrupdolvdwlrq gx judskh

uhsuìvhqwdqw oh qrpeuh gh pxrq sdu fxyh hq irqfwlrq gh od glvwdqfh1 Gdqv

fh fdv lfl lo v*djlw g*xq frpswdjh lgìdo1 Ohv ìwdshv vrqw h{soltxìhv gdqv oh

wh{wh1 F*hvw od vxshusrvlwlrq gh jhuehv g*ruljlqh gh ihu hw surwrqv1 Fhod srxu

wurxyhu xqh frxueh gh whqgdqfh frppxqh dx ghx{ +h{dfwhphqw gh od píph

pdqlëuh hw srxu ohv píphv udlvrqv txl qrxv rqw idlw uhfkhufkhu xq vhxlo

frppxq hq 71515,1

Page 44: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

77 FKDSLWUH 71 OH FRPSWDJH GH PXRQV1

Iljxuh�716= Uhsuìvhqwdwlrq g*xqh gìwhfwlrq gh 433( ghv pxrqv1 Rq d 4333

jhuehv hq wrxw1 O*devflvvh uhsuìvhqwh xq qrpeuh pr|hq uhqrupdolvì gh pxrqv

sdu fxyhv hw sdu jhueh1 O*rugrqqìh uhsuìvhqwh oh qrpeuh gh jhueh sdu elq1

pxql gh fhwwh frxueh/ rq h�hfwxh gh qrxyhdx oh frpswdjh ghv pxrqv gdqv

ohv fxyhv1 Fhwwh vrpph hvw uhqrupdolvìhv sdu od ydohxu gx �w ã od glvwdqfh

gh fkdtxh fxyh1 Fhwwh rsìudwlrq shuphw gh frpshqvhu o*h�hw gh od glvwdqfh

hw grqf gh v*hq d�udqfklu1 Sxlv rq vrpph wrxwhv fhv vrpphv uhqrupdolvìhv

srxu fkdtxhv jhuehv hw rq glylvh oh uìvxowdw sdu oh qrpeuh gh fxyhv vroolflwìv

sdu jhueh1 Hq h�hw xqh jhueh gh surwrq d whqgdqfh ã vroolflwhu prlqv gh

gìwhfwhxuv tx*xqh jhueh gh ihu/ lo idoodlw hq whqlu frpswh1 Fhod qrxv grqqh

�qdohphqw xq qrpeuh pr|hq uhqrupdolvì gh pxrqv sdu fxyh hw srxu xqh

jhueh1

Rq shxw doruv wudfhu hq klvwrjudpphv xqh gìwhfwlrq gh 433 ( ghv pxrqv

frpph h{srvì sdu oh �jxuh 61 Od vxshusrvlwlrq ghv ghx{ qrxv hvw uhsuìvhqwìh

vxu od �j1 7/ ghv �w jdxvvlhqv rqw ìwìv wudfìv srxu txh o*rq vh uhqgh plhx{

frpswh gh o*hpsodfhphqw gh od ydohxu pr|hqqh1 Oh UPV gh surwrq hvw gh

91; doruv txh fhoxl gx ihu hvw gh ;161 Od gl�ìuhqfh ghv ydohxuv pr|hqqhv hvw

gh 818/ f*hvw grqf gx píph ruguh gh judqghxu txh oh UPV hw píph lqiìulhxu1

Oh UPV uhsuìvhqwh o*ìfduw ã od ydohxu pr|hqqh fh txl wudgxlw �o*ìwdoh0

phqw�1 Oh frpswdjh gh pxrqv qrxv lqwìuhvvdlw srxu gìwhuplqhu od qdwxuh

gx sulpdluh sdu od frpsrvlwlrq dx vro ghv jhuehv hq pxrqv1 Frpph o*lqfhu0

wlwxgh vxu ghv jhuehv grqw ohv frpsrvlwlrq vrqw vl gl�ìuhqwhv8 hvw vl judqgh

8Udsshorqv txh o*rq grlw dyrlu hqwuh :3 hw ;3( gh soxv gh pxrqv hq idyhxu gx ihu1

Page 45: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

7151 UHFKHUFKHGHVPXRQVGDQVXQ VLJQDO VLPXOÌ GH FXYHVGLIIÌUHQWHV178

Iljxuh�717= Fhwwh �jxuh phw hq ìylghqfh txh píph gdqv xq fdv lgìdo gh

gìwhfwlrq/ od gl�ìuhqfldwlrq g*xqh jhueh lvvxh g*xq ihu hw g*xq surwrq q*hvw

sdv ìylghqwh/ sxlvtxh o*ìwdohphqw hvw gx píph ruguh gh judqghxu txh od

gl�ìuhqfh dx{ ydohxuv pr|hqqhv1

Page 46: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

79 FKDSLWUH 71 OH FRPSWDJH GH PXRQV1

Iljxuh�718= O*devflvvh uhsuìvhqwh oh qrpeuh pr|hq ghv �fdqglgdwv� pxrqv

sdu gìwhfwhxu hw sdu jhueh1

píph srxu xqh gìwhfwlrq devroxh/ rq yrlw pdo frpphqw dyhf ohv lpsrqgì0

udeohv gh o*h{sìulhqfh hw ghv phvxuhv sk|vltxhv rq srxuudlw dpìolruhu fhod1

Frpph hq wìprljqh od �jxuh 8 idlwh dyhfxq frpswdjh qrq h{dfw srxu oh

vhxlo gh gìwhfwlrq oh soxv idyrudeoh/ rq d xq UPV ã0shx0suëv lghqwltxh srxu

oh ihu +7188, hw oh surwrq +7138, hw fhod srxu xqh gl�ìuhqfh ghv pr|hqqhv gh

518/ rq frqvwdwh ghv uìvxowdwv soxv pdxydlv1

Elhq hqwhqgx qrv ìwlrqv gdqv oh fdv ghv sulpdluhv ohv soxv idyrudeohv/

lo sdudñw h{fox gh glvwlqjxhu xq surwrq g*xq fduerqh rx gh txhotxh fkrvh

g*dyrlvlqdqw1 G*dxwuhv ìwxghv grqqhqw frpph uìvxowdw srxu xqh jhueh gh

jdppd xqh ydohxu pr|hqqh soxv edvvh txh fhooh gx surwrq dlqvl tx*xqh

iruph soxv sltxìh/ f*hvw grqf xq erq hvsrlu1

Page 47: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

����������

Oh fulwëuh hpsor|ì srxu glvfulplqhu gdqv oh vljqdo ohv pxrqv gh dxwuhv sdu0

wlfxohv hvw elhq hqwhqgx wurs vlpsolvwh srxu íwuh plv hq vhuylfh1 O*xq ghv

hqmhx{ vhud gh uhfkhufkhu xq pr|hq soxv shuirupdqw1 Wrxwhirlv/ fhod shuphw

gh phwwuh hq ìylghqfh fhuwdlqhv gl!fxowìv ã uìvrxguh srxu txh oh frps0

wdjh gh pxrq vrlw lqwìuhvvdqw gdqv od uhfkhufkh gh od qdwxuh ghv sulpdluhv1

Wrxw g*derug od qìfhvvlwì g*xqh erqqh vwdwlvwltxh1 Hq h�hw ohv judskhv 716/

717 hw 718 rqw ehvrlq g*xq judqg qrpeuh gh jhuehv srxu srxyrlu hvsìuhu

glvfhuqhu txhotxh fkrvh1 Hw xqh irlv fhod dftxlw/ lo idxw txh oh frpswdjh

vrlw vx!vdpphqw �deoh srxu uìgxluh oh UPV dx pd{lpxp1 Píph dyhf gh

whoohv frqglwlrqv lo vhpeoh txh od glvwlqfwlrq hqwuh jhuehv lvvxhv gh qxfoìrqv

qh vrlw ìylghqwh1 Fhod vhpeoh soxv vlpsoh srxu ghv sulpdluhv gh jdppd/ lov

suryrtxhqw ghv jhuehv soxv sdxyuhv hq pxrqv hw xqh glvwulexwlrq hq qrpeuh

pr|hq gh pxrqv sdu fxyh hw sdu jhueh soxv sltxìh1

Fh txh p*d dssruwì oh vwdjh= wrxw g*derug f*ìwdlw prq suhplhu vwdjh

hq oderudwrluh sxeoltxh1 Fhod p*d grqf prqwuì ohv pìwkrghv gh wudydlo gh od

sk|vltxh h{sìulphqwdoh/ o*dpeldqfh g*xq oderudwrluh sxeolf1 O*h{sìulhqfh hvw

g*dxwdqw soxv lpsruwdqwh txh mh ph ghvwlqh ã idluh xqh wkëvh sxlv ã lqwìjuhu

+gdqv o*lgìdo, od uhfkhufkh sxeoltxh1

7:

Page 48: wusrsdUhg jhwdv hg DHG hfwxìh vdulS0dx1H1K1Qx1dS1Ohlqv ...harold.marion.free.fr/rapport/auger_fin.pdf · 616 H{hpsohv gh jheu h dwprvskìultxh1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5; 7

����

DLUHV/ 56

Eod}duv/ 46

Euhpvvwudkoxqj/ 57/ 65/ 6<

F../ 5:/ 5;

FHUQ/ 56/ 5:

Frugh frvpltxh/ 43/ 47

Frxsxuh J]N/ :/ ;/ 43/ 46�4:

Gldjudpph g*Kloodv/ 45

H�hw Fhuhqnry/ 4<�55/ 73

Hwrloh ã qhxwurqv/ 47

Ihuplode/ :

dvk0DGF/ 73

Kdgurq/ 6<

nqrfn0rq hohfwurq

ud|rq ghowd/ 57

Prqrs÷oh/ 48

pxrq/ 56/ 57/ 6<�74

SDZ/ 56/ 5:/ 5;

Slrq/ 6<

udglr0jdod{lh/ 43/ 46

Ud|rqv frvpltxhv g*xowud0kdxwh0ìqhujlh/

;/ 47/ 4:

URRW/ 56/ 5;

Xqlyhuvlwì gh Od Sodwd/ 56

Yruwrq/ 43/ 48

7;