WWI AftermathWWI Aftermath

SSBAT conclude why the SSBAT conclude why the Treaty of Versailles laid the Treaty of Versailles laid the foundation for WWIIfoundation for WWII

Treaty AreasTreaty Areas

Guilt & the LeagueGuilt & the League

Territorial ChangesTerritorial Changes

Military ReductionsMilitary Reductions

Fiscal ResponsibilityFiscal Responsibility

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Guilt & the LeagueGuilt & the League

Germans admit full responsibilityGermans admit full responsibility– Clause 231 - “War Guilt Clause”Clause 231 - “War Guilt Clause”

Germany pays for all damageGermany pays for all damage– $33 billion goes to France/Belgium$33 billion goes to France/Belgium

League of NationsLeague of Nations created  created 

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesTerritorial ChangesTerritorial Changes

Most land from Germany :Most land from Germany :– Alsace-Lorraine Alsace-Lorraine (given to France)(given to France)– Eupen and Malmedy Eupen and Malmedy (given to (given to

Belgium)Belgium)– Northern Schleswig Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)(given to Denmark)– Hultschin Hultschin (given to Czech.)(given to Czech.)– West Prussia, Posen & Silesia West Prussia, Posen & Silesia (given to Poland)(given to Poland)– Saar, Danzig, Memel & coloniesSaar, Danzig, Memel & colonies (League of Nations)(League of Nations)– EstoniaEstonia (Independence)(Independence)– LithuaniaLithuania (Independence)(Independence)– LatviaLatvia (Independence)(Independence)

A-H dissolved – creates 5 new countriesA-H dissolved – creates 5 new countries

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Military ReductionMilitary Reduction

SMALL German armySMALL German army to 100,000 / no tanks to 100,000 / no tanks

SMALL German navySMALL German navy to 6 ships / no subs to 6 ships / no subs

NO German air forceNO German air force

Rhineland a demilitarized zone (DMZ)Rhineland a demilitarized zone (DMZ)

Occupation army on French side of RhineOccupation army on French side of Rhine

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Fiscal ResponsibilityFiscal Responsibility

Coal regions lost – needed for rebuilding Coal regions lost – needed for rebuilding – $33 billion – attempt to bankrupt Germany$33 billion – attempt to bankrupt Germany

Germany forbidden to unite w/ AustriaGermany forbidden to unite w/ Austria

League of NationsLeague of Nations

LON consisted of per./nonperm. countriesLON consisted of per./nonperm. countries– 5 permanent members / 4 non-permanent5 permanent members / 4 non-permanent– G.B., France, Italy, U.S., JapanG.B., France, Italy, U.S., Japan

Today’s UN used LON setup after WWII Today’s UN used LON setup after WWII

League limited to economic action ONLYLeague limited to economic action ONLY

France wanted international armyFrance wanted international army

Germany, USSR barred from LONGermany, USSR barred from LON

Fmr. Ottoman Empire prov. under LON Fmr. Ottoman Empire prov. under LON controlcontrol

Reaction to the WWI TreatiesReaction to the WWI Treaties

Great BritainGreat Britain

treaties too harsh - wanted to forgive & forgettreaties too harsh - wanted to forgive & forget

upset at “right of self-determination”upset at “right of self-determination”– CanadaCanada– AustraliaAustralia– New ZealandNew Zealand– South AfricaSouth Africa– IndiaIndia

FranceFrance

treaties were too easytreaties were too easy

allied w/ Belgium, Poland & Czechsallied w/ Belgium, Poland & Czechs

ItalyItaly

mad at Allies - didn’t get landmad at Allies - didn’t get land

RussiaRussia

lost land - not invited to peace talkslost land - not invited to peace talks

not invited to LONnot invited to LON

Reaction to the WWI TreatiesReaction to the WWI Treaties

JapanJapan

gained German Islands on China coast gained German Islands on China coast

the major power in Asia after WW Ithe major power in Asia after WW I

GermanyGermany

way too harsh & unfair - treaty dictated peaceway too harsh & unfair - treaty dictated peace

outragedoutraged & & resented resented the War Guilt Clausethe War Guilt Clause

reparations too highreparations too high - depression - depression

Reaction to the WWI TreatiesReaction to the WWI Treaties

Were the terms carried out ?Were the terms carried out ?

The League of Nations createdThe League of Nations created– HappenedHappened

Land & colonies handed over the AlliesLand & colonies handed over the Allies– HappenedHappened – Central powers land under LON control – Central powers land under LON control

All land from Russia handed back All land from Russia handed back – HappenedHappened – land in W. Russia right of self-determination – land in W. Russia right of self-determination

Small German army Small German army – Happened – On PaperHappened – On Paper – Side-stepped: soldiers were put in reservesSide-stepped: soldiers were put in reserves– Never had more than 100,000 “active” soldiers at once Never had more than 100,000 “active” soldiers at once

Small German navySmall German navy– HappenedHappened – Germany couldn’t afford battleships – Germany couldn’t afford battleships

No air forceNo air force– Happened – On PaperHappened – On Paper– Pilots trained abroad & used glidersPilots trained abroad & used gliders

Western Germany demilitarizedWestern Germany demilitarized– HappenedHappened

Germany forbidden to unite with AustriaGermany forbidden to unite with Austria– HappenedHappened

Germany accept "War Guilt Clause" / pay reparationsGermany accept "War Guilt Clause" / pay reparations– Happened – On paperHappened – On paper– Attempted to pay – couldn’t do itAttempted to pay – couldn’t do it– 1920’s Allies reduced amount1920’s Allies reduced amount– Refused to pay in 1933 w/ Hitler - Allies did nothing Refused to pay in 1933 w/ Hitler - Allies did nothing

Were the terms carried out ?Were the terms carried out ?

WWI Impact at HomeWWI Impact at Home

Not as mobilized as during WWIINot as mobilized as during WWII

Political & economic impact negligiblePolitical & economic impact negligible

Great MigrationGreat Migration – Immigration Act stopped incoming foreignersImmigration Act stopped incoming foreigners– African Americans moved to fill jobsAfrican Americans moved to fill jobs

First use of the Selective ServiceFirst use of the Selective Service

Post-WWI: Dissolution of the Ottoman Post-WWI: Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire & Impact of Middle Eastern Empire & Impact of Middle Eastern MandatesMandates

WWI Social ImpactWWI Social ImpactFEAR of GermansFEAR of GermansNo Bach/BeethovenNo Bach/BeethovenNo German classesNo German classesSauerkraut to liberty cabbageSauerkraut to liberty cabbageDachshunds to liberty houndsDachshunds to liberty houndsGerman measles to liberty measlesGerman measles to liberty measlesMobs attack German immigrantsMobs attack German immigrantsLynching of Robert PragerLynching of Robert Prager– Allowed to write a note to his parents in Germany: Allowed to write a note to his parents in Germany: – ““Dear Parents: I must on this, the 4th day of April, 1918, Dear Parents: I must on this, the 4th day of April, 1918,

die. Please pray for me, my dear parents.”die. Please pray for me, my dear parents.”– During trial defendants wore red, white, and blue ribbonsDuring trial defendants wore red, white, and blue ribbons– Band played patriotic songs - 25 min. found “not-guilty” Band played patriotic songs - 25 min. found “not-guilty”