Causes of WWICauses of WWI

Long Term Causes

Nationalism-Starting with the French Revolution-National identities become important,

desire respect and prestige-1871 Germany and Italy become

countries -they want to catch up with Britain /France

-Pride in country based upon industrial power and colonies.

Industrialization

1850s on sees industrialization spread to continental Europe

Economic competition between nations begin-Germany quickly gaining on Britain

Transportation, communication, and military advances continue

Need for markets and raw materials=> $$$

Imperialism

Nationalism and industrialization tied to colonial power

Competition for colonies increases tensions

European nations military, political, and economic domination of Africa and Asia build empires

Militarism

Between 1870 and 1914, European nations increase military spending by 400%

Many believed war was coming German, Russian Generals

extremely powerful Arms Race developes

Short-Term Causes

Entangling alliances pulled everyone into the war

Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) “Central Powers”

Germany gave Austria-Hungary a “blank check”

Triple Entente (England, France, and Russia) – Treaty of Friendship “Allies”

France was“concerned” about Germany’s growing Military

England was concerned with Germany’s Navy

Precipitating Events

Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany

Balkan Wars in 1912-23 raises tensions between Russia, Serbia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary

Balkans considered the “Powder Keg of Europe”

Precipitating Events

German, French, Austrian, and English Arms Race.

Naval Fleets competed to be bigger and better.

Domino Effect

In June 1914, Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, travels to Sarajevo with his wife to review the Austrian Hungarian army on maneuvers.

Domino Effect

(1) June 28, 1914 – Austrian Archduke Ferdinand and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia

A nineteen year-old member of the Black Hand, Gavrilo Princip, jumped from the sidewalk onto the Archduke's car and fired 2 shots.

Austria-Hungary blames Serbia for supporting Bosnian

Nationalist for the assassination. .

Domino Effect

(2) Austria Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia to allow Austrian forces to investigate and stop anti-Austrian activities in Serbia. (Austria knows Serbia will not accept)

Domino Effect

(3) Serbia refuses ultimatum, Austria-Hungary declares war

(4) Russia mobilizes army to defend Serbia

(5) Germany declares war on Russia

Domino Effect

• (6) France declares war on Germany

(7) Germany invades Belgium to attack France

(8) Britain declares war on Germany

Countries Mobilize for war:Nationalism and Patriotism

Domino Effect

Italy decides that its chances to gain land is better with France, Britain, and Russia and leaves the Triple Alliance in 1915.

.

The World at War - 1914

Domino Effect

Most of the fighting takes place in Western Europe, even though the conflict started in the Balkans in Eastern Europe

Results-OVERVIEW

Stalemate Trench Warfare No real

movement for 4 years!

Results- OVERVIEW1914-1918

9,000,000 45,000,000 1,350,000,000

27,900,000

11,250,000 414,000,000 22,500,000

Dead Wounded Pounds of bone

and flesh Pounds of brain

matter Gallons of blood Years of life not

lived Children not born