wwi –the great war 1914-1918

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WWI –The Great War 1914-1918 Ms. Dyck

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WWI –The Great War 1914-1918. Ms. Dyck. Bellringer: 12/16/2013. List the three different types of trenches used in trench warfare. Describe trench warfare. What were American soldiers referred to as on the Western Front? How long did World War I last?. Answers: 12/16/2013. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

WWI –The Great War1914-1918

Ms. Dyck

Page 2: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Bellringer: 12/16/2013

• List the three different types of trenches used in trench warfare.

• Describe trench warfare.

• What were American soldiers referred to as on the Western Front?

• How long did World War I last?

Page 3: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Answers: 12/16/2013

• Frontline, support, and reserve trenches.

• Brutish, harsh, and nasty. Wet and muddy.

• Doughboys

• From 1914-1918

Page 4: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Agenda: 12/16/2013

• Bellringers• CNN Student News• Finish notes on World War I• World War I Notebook Check• When you finish the notebook check, please

make sure you are working on completing your “Current Events.” There should be “8” Current Events by Wednesday. This is a test grade. If you do not have “8” Current Events, please work on getting “8” by Wednesday.

Page 5: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Bellringer: 12/13/2013

• What were the four long term causes of World War I?

• What was the immediate cause for World War I?

• What countries were members of the Triple Alliance?

• What countries were members of Allies at start of World War I?

Page 6: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Answers: 12/13/2013

• M-militarism, A-alliances, I-imperialism, N-nationalism

• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Triple Alliance members were Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary

• Great Britain, France, Russia

Page 7: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Agenda:

• Bellringer• CNN Student News (Maybe????)• World War I

Page 8: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Bellringer: 12/11/2013

• Who was Nelson Mandela?

• What country was he president of from 1994-1999?

• Nelson Mandela was a member of what political organization in Africa?

Page 9: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Answers: 12/11/2013

• He was a politician, social activist, and lawyer who fought to end the apartheid system (segregation system) in South Africa from 1962 until 1991.

• South Africa

• ANC (African National Congress)

Page 10: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Agenda: 12/11/2013 (3rd and 4th Block)

• Bellringer/Reflection• CNN Student News • HWK Assignment: Review it• Current Event #7 (20 minutes)• Discuss beginning of World War I

Page 11: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Objective(s)

• Students will be able identify the political and military forces at work in Europe in the late 1800s.

• List the countries that made up the Triple Alliance and the and the Triple Entente.

• Summarize events that set World War I into motion.

Page 12: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Long-term Causes- MAIN

• Militarism- aggressive preparation for war• Alliances-

• Triple Alliance- GY, Au-Hu, Italy• Triple Entente- GB, FR, RU

• Imperialism- competition over land & resources

• Nationalism- some ethnic groups didn’t have their own nation or were being ruled by another ethnic group (wanted independence)

Page 13: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Immediate cause- “Spark that lit the fuse for WWI”

• By 1914, Serbia (supported by Russia) wanted to create a large Slavic state in the Balkans, which Au-Hu wanted to prevent.

• A group of terrorists- The Black Hand, wanted Serbia to be free of Au-Hu rule.

• June 28, 1914- Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife visited Sarajevo, Bosnia.

•Gavrilo Princip shot & killed the Archduke &

his wife

Page 14: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Timeline of events leading to WWI-1914

AU-HU sent an ultimatum to Serbia (after AU-HU received support from GY)

July 23, 1914

Serbia rejects the ultimatum

AU-HU declares war on Serbia

Page 15: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

RU orders troops to the AU-HU & German border

GY warns RU to stop sending troops w/in 12 hours

RU ignores warning & GY declares war on RU (Aug.1)

Page 16: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

GY declares war on FR & GY demands that Belgium allow German troops to pass through to get to FR. (Aug. 3)

Belgium (ally of GB) refuses

GB declares war on GY (Aug. 4)

Page 17: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Starting the War- Alliances

• The Triple Alliance now became the

Central Powers- Germany &

Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Italy dropped out of the TA and joined the Allies)

• The Triple Entente now became the

Allies- Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy

Page 18: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Germany’s Strategy

• Schlieffen Plan- two front war w/ FR & RU• Defeat FR quickly and

then go after RU

Count Alfred von Schlieffen

Page 19: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Govt. Propaganda- ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause

German propaganda

Many believed war would be over in weeks.

Page 21: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Problems with trench warfare

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU&edufilter=vH8ntV7keCE-ZLl5wRMzNg

Page 22: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Exit Slip Questions: 12/13/2013

• What were the four causes for World War I? (hint: MAIN)

• What was the immediate cause of World War I?• List the countries part of the Triple Alliance

before the start of World War I.• List the countries part of the Triple Entente

before the start of World War I.• Which was the first European nation to declare

war and what country did the declare war on?• At the start of the war, who are the nations

part of the Allies?• What countries are part of the Central Power?

Page 23: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Bellringer: 12/12/2013

• Complete the handout on “Causes of World War I”

1. Nationalism, Imperialism, and the arms race.

2. Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy; Triple Entente_ great Britain, France, and Russia

3. The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian national Garvilo Princip

Page 24: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

The Fronts

• The Western Front-First Battle of the Marne

(Sep. 6-10, 1914)– French halted the Germans and the battle turned into a stalemate (neither side winning/losing) in the trenches

-Schlieffen Plan ruined

• The Eastern Front

-RU defeated by GY at the Battle of Tannenberg (Aug. 30, 1914). (RU slow to mobilize troops)

-AU-Hu defeated by RU and kicked out of Serbia

-GY, Au-Hu, and Bulgaria join forces & defeat the Russians & push them back (Serbia was attacked & eliminated from the war)

Page 25: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Battles near Verdun and the Somme River-1916 (France)

• Trench warfare was deadly and neither side ever gained much ground

• Verdun- French vs. Germans (over 300,000 killed)

• Somme- British/French vs. Germans (approx. 1 million killed), only a few miles gained by each side

http://www.history.com/videos/1916-battle-of-the-somme#1916-battle-of-the-somme

Page 26: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

U.S. enters WWI

• U.S. tried to remain neutral at first

• England had set up a blockade on Germany (to prevent supplies from getting through)

• GY started their own blockade against GB by using unrestricted submarine warfare with u-boats

http://www.history.com/videos/wwi-firsts#wwi-firsts

Page 27: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

The RMS Lusitania• May 7,

1915- Lusitania sunk by GY’s u-boat

• 1,100 killed (128 Americans)

• U.S. very upset

• GY stops unrestricted submarine warfare• Resumes

April 1917p.584-585 “Special Report”

Page 28: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Zimmermann Note/Telegram

• Telegram sent by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire- Arthur Zimmermann (Jan. 16, 1917- which was forwarded to the German ambassador in Mexico- von Eckardt)

• Stated GY (when it won WWI) would help Mexico regain land it had lost to the U.S. if Mexico attacked the U.S.

• Britain intercepted the telegram

• U.S. declares war on GY- April 6, 1917

Page 29: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

The End is Coming… the war that is!

• Entry of the U.S. in 1917 gave the Allies a much-needed psychological boost, along with fresh men & material

An American “Doughboy”

Page 30: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

The Home Front

• Total War- complete mobilization of resources & people

• Govt's. expanded their powers & drafted tens of millions of young men for military service• Set up price, wage, & rent controls;

rationed food supplies & materials

• Women took over jobs now that the men had gone to war• When the men returned, the women

were out of a job

Page 31: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Post-Assignment-Homework (Read pg. 594-601)

1. Why was the Industries Board established?2. Describe the war time economy?3. How did the average American and business

conserve food during this period?4. How much did the federal government spend on

the war?5. How did the federal government popularize the

war?6. What did the Esponiage and Sedition Acts

prohibit and what were the penalties under these laws?

7. What was the Great Migration? Why did it occur?

Page 32: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Continued: Post-Assignment and Homework

8. What roles did women take on during World War I?9. What was the impact of the flu epidemic of 1918?

Page 33: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Objective(s):

• SWBAT describe the Russian Revolution and the causes for the movement.

• SWAT describe key figures of the Russian Revolution and their role in transforming Russia to a communist country.

• SWBAT identify new countries formed as a result of World War I and the outcomes of World War I.

Page 34: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Russian Revolution• 1914- Czar Nicholas

made the decision for Russia to go to war (Russia was unprepared)

• 1915- Nicholas moved his headquarters to the war front

• Back at the palace, Czarina Alexandra ran the govt., with the help/advice of Rasputin.

The Romanov Family

Page 35: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Rasputin- “The Mad Monk”

• Self-described holy man

• Convinced the Czarina he had “powers” to heal her son (Alexis) who had hemophilia

• Given power to make key decisions at court (which most didn’t like)

• Dec. 1916- murdered

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzWdJIN7zNA

Page 36: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

March Revolution-1917

• Women textile workers led a strike & later riots started over shortages of bread & fuel

• Czar Nicholas forced to abdicate

• Provisional Govt.- temporary govt. was set up in Russia.

• Soviets- local councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers

Page 37: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Vladimir Lenin • Leader of the Bolshevik Party

• Early 1900s- fled Russia to avoid arrest by the czarist regime

• GY arranged for Lenin’s return during WWI (to stir up trouble). Arrived in 1917

• Slogan- “Peace, Land, Bread”

• Nov. 1917- Lenin/Bolsheviks take over

• Romanovs assassinated-July 1918

Page 38: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Bolshevik Reforms

1. All farmland distributed among the peasants

2. Gave control of factories to the workers

3. 1918- Signed a truce with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)- stopped war b/w GY & RU

Boris Kustodiev’s 1920 painting "Bolshevik"

Page 39: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Soviet Union/USSR

• 1922- Russia becomes the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Soviet Union)

• Capital- Moscow

• Bolsheviks renamed the Communist Party

• Lenin dies in 1924 & is replaced by Joseph Stalin

*sickle- the peasants/farmers*hammer- the workers*red- blood spilt by the workers who fought for freedom*yellow star- life and energy of the sun; five points of the star symbolize the single unity and international representation of the government — 5 recognized continents.

Page 40: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Second Battle of the Marne• By April 1918- German

troops were within 50 miles of Paris

• July 1918- GY stopped by French, Moroccan, & U.S. troops in the Second Battle of the Marne

• GY pushed back & the Allies moved towards GY

Page 41: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

The End of WWI

• By Sep. 1918- the war is lost for GY

• Nov. 11, 1918- GY signed an armistice (truce, an agreement to stop fighting)

Page 42: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Peace Treaty

• Jan. 1919- Paris Peace Conference

• The Big Four- U.S., FR, GB, IT • Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau, Wilson

• GY & RU not invited (????)

• Wilson’s plan for peace- “Fourteen Points”• League of Nations- organization of countries, to

prevent war (formed Jan. 25, 1919)

Page 43: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)

• Article 231- “War Guilt Clause”- GY & AU-HU started the war

• GY had to pay reparations (war damages)

• $32-33 billion• 2010- GY finished paying

the US• 2020- the rest of the world

• GY forced to reduce its army to 100,000 men

• Cut back its navy• Eliminate its air force • The Rhineland was

established (neutral, de-militarized zone) between FR and GY

Page 44: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

Aftermath of the First World War

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                              

Page 45: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

New Countries Established

• Finland• Latvia• Estonia• Lithuania• Poland• Czechoslovakia• Austria• Hungary• Yugoslavia

• New Countries had many ethnic groups within them, which will lead to later conflicts.

Page 46: WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

CSWK/HMWK

• Make sure you have copied all notes for notebook check on Wednesday.

• Read about the court case—Schenck v. United States (1919)•Explain the major difference or

similarity in the two opinion.