wwi,wwii, nationalism
TRANSCRIPT
WWI, WWII and Nationalism
Regents Review
Nationalist movements
Latin AmericaInspire by the ideas of the Enlightenment and French Revolution•Simon Bolivar: Liberates Venezuela•Toussaint L’Overture: Liberates Haiti
Italy•Garibaldi: led the volunteer army, Red Shirts•Mazzini: Soul•Cavour: Brain or Diplomat•Each played a role in unifying Italy
Germany•Otto Von Bismarck•Unified Germany•Policy of “Blood and Iron”
Causes of WWI
M.A.N.I.A.Militarism: Building of weapons and army.
Alliances: Triple Entente and Triple Alliance.
Nationalism: Pride and strength in a country.
Imperialism: Competition for oversea colonies.
Assassination: Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand (1914).
Europe in 1914
People, Places, Actions
•Trench Warfare•New Technology
Flame throwersTanks
Poison GasAirplanes
German U-BoatsUnrestricted
Submarine warfare
WWI was the first Industrialized war.
Results of World War 1
League of Nations is created, members agree to defend each other. However the United States and Russia refuse to join.
1919 Treaty of Versailles leads to the rise of Fascism in Germany
and Italy. Harsh punishment for Germany such as war
reparations, demilitarize, and territorial losses
Austria-Hungary divides into several small states
Mussolini and Hitler come to power due to weak economic and political conditions.
New Map of Europe!
1. Which major empires lost the most land? Why?
2. What problems could occur due to the structure of the European landscape?
1917 Russian Revolution
Causes• Weak leadership of Czar
Nicholas II
• Bloody Sunday
• WWI – refused to pull out of war
• Food Shortages
• Inequality between the social classes
• Rasputin
• Rise of Intellectual dissenters (anarchists, communists)
Two Revolutions in 19171. March 1917 – Provisional Government
replaces Czar but does not exit WWI
4. November 1917 – Bolsheviks Replace Provisional Government
Slogan - “Peace, Bread, and Land”
7. Lenin pulls Russia out of WWI
4. Creates first communist nation, the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union)
5. N.E.P. Lenin allows some elements of Capitalism
People, Places, Actions
Results of Russian Revolution
1924 Stalin takes power.
Stalin’s goal is to Industrialize the Soviet Union.
•Collective Farms•Five Year Plans
Soviet Union becomes a Superpower after WWII which starts
the Cold War
Benito Mussolini Mussolini and his fascist followers, known as the “Blackshirts” marched on Rome and seized power in Italy in 1922. Mussolini became Il Duce (“The Leader”) and set up an efficient but brutal rule over Italy!
Problems Major ReformsExamples of Totalitarian Rule
Economic and political problems (Debt, Unemployment, corruption).Peasants lost land and resentment after WWIFear of communist uprising - Clear division between rich and poor
Developed Fascist party - Extreme sense of nationalismRepaired and built up the infrastructure (roads, bridges, trains)Wanted to return Italy to the glory of the Roman Empire
No criticism of state allowed!“Everything is the state” Forced Italian men to join military, women should have babiesUsed censorship and propaganda - schools, newspapers, governmentSecret police, the OVRA
Adolf Hitler In 1933 Adolf Hitler promised Germans that he would tear up the Treaty of Versailles. His Nazi Party won the elections and he was appointed Chancellor of Germany. He quickly gathered all power in his own hands and began arresting communists, trade unionists and Jews.
Problems Major Reforms Examples of Totalitarian Rule
Damage from WWI and Great Depression caused
economy to sufferHyperinflation,
unemployment, massive debt due to Treaty of
VersaillesFear of communist
revolution
Developed Nazi party - Extreme sense of
nationalismIgnored Treaty of
Versailles rebuilt militaryProvided security and leadership to GermansTargeted scapegoats -
Jews, French, Communists
Preached service to the state!
Developed idea of Aryans, master race, who needed to be purified and regain land that was rightfully theirs. Campaign against Jews
Used censorship and propaganda - schools,
newspapers, governmentSecret police, the Gestapo
Hideki Tojo
During the Great Depression, nations could not afford to buy Japanese goods and many factories closed. Some Japanese blamed the democracy movement for the economic problems and thought that a return to military rule would be the solution to Japan’s problems.
Problems Major ReformsExamples of Totalitarian Rule
Unhappiness over loss of traditions
Loss of foreign markets due to Great DepressionUnemployment, poverty
among peasantsGovernment was seen as
weak,corrupt, and inefficient
Military took over government and ended
democracyGlorified war to build an
over sea empireStressed nationalism, shintoism, and anti-
western feelings
Preached service to the state and to honor Emperor
Hirohito as a god!Invaded Manchuria and
ChinaUsed censorship and propaganda - schools,
newspapers, governmentSecret police
Causes World War II
Hitler's Aggression• 1938 Hitler takes Austria• Hitler takes Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)• Invasion of Poland, starting WWII.
Appeasement: Giving into a aggressors demands in order to keep peace, Neville Chamberlain agrees to Hitler demands
at the Munich Conference.
League of Nations Fails: Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles, rebuilt his army. League of Nations does nothing to condemn Hitler’s
aggression.
Key Terms and Events of WWII D-Day Atomic Bomb:
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Battle of Stalingrad Pearl Harbor
Allied forces liberated
France from Nazi rule.
Germany Army is defeated on the Eastern front.
United States enters the war on the pacific
front
War in the Pacific ends
Holocaust: Genocide of the Jews and others. Led by Hitler and fueled by anti-Semitism.
EFFECTS OF WWII
Creation of the United Nation: Maintain International peace and protect Human Rights. U.N. Security Council, each member has veto power over
peacekeeping operations.
Nuremburg Trials: Nazi officers are held accountable for the Holocaust. Guilty of Crimes
against Humanity.
Super Powers:USA and U.S.S.R battle over the political ideas of
Communism vs. Democracy. The Cold War!
Atomic Age: After 1945, the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending the war
in Japan..