wwi,wwii, nationalism

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WWI, WWII and Nationalism Regents Review

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Page 1: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

WWI, WWII and Nationalism

Regents Review

Page 3: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Causes of WWI

M.A.N.I.A.Militarism: Building of weapons and army.

Alliances: Triple Entente and Triple Alliance.

Nationalism: Pride and strength in a country.

Imperialism: Competition for oversea colonies.

Assassination: Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand (1914).

Page 4: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Europe in 1914

Page 5: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

People, Places, Actions

•Trench Warfare•New Technology

Flame throwersTanks

Poison GasAirplanes

German U-BoatsUnrestricted

Submarine warfare

WWI was the first Industrialized war.

Page 6: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Results of World War 1

League of Nations is created, members agree to defend each other. However the United States and Russia refuse to join.

1919 Treaty of Versailles leads to the rise of Fascism in Germany

and Italy. Harsh punishment for Germany such as war

reparations, demilitarize, and territorial losses

Austria-Hungary divides into several small states

Mussolini and Hitler come to power due to weak economic and political conditions.

Page 7: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

New Map of Europe!

1. Which major empires lost the most land? Why?

2. What problems could occur due to the structure of the European landscape?

Page 8: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

1917 Russian Revolution

Causes• Weak leadership of Czar

Nicholas II

• Bloody Sunday

• WWI – refused to pull out of war

• Food Shortages

• Inequality between the social classes

• Rasputin

• Rise of Intellectual dissenters (anarchists, communists)

Page 9: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Two Revolutions in 19171. March 1917 – Provisional Government

replaces Czar but does not exit WWI

4. November 1917 – Bolsheviks Replace Provisional Government

Slogan - “Peace, Bread, and Land”

7. Lenin pulls Russia out of WWI

4. Creates first communist nation, the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union)

5. N.E.P. Lenin allows some elements of Capitalism

People, Places, Actions

Page 10: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Results of Russian Revolution

1924 Stalin takes power.

Stalin’s goal is to Industrialize the Soviet Union.

•Collective Farms•Five Year Plans

Soviet Union becomes a Superpower after WWII which starts

the Cold War

Page 11: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Benito Mussolini Mussolini and his fascist followers, known as the “Blackshirts” marched on Rome and seized power in Italy in 1922. Mussolini became Il Duce (“The Leader”) and set up an efficient but brutal rule over Italy!

Problems Major ReformsExamples of Totalitarian Rule

Economic and political problems (Debt, Unemployment, corruption).Peasants lost land and resentment after WWIFear of communist uprising - Clear division between rich and poor

Developed Fascist party - Extreme sense of nationalismRepaired and built up the infrastructure (roads, bridges, trains)Wanted to return Italy to the glory of the Roman Empire

No criticism of state allowed!“Everything is the state” Forced Italian men to join military, women should have babiesUsed censorship and propaganda - schools, newspapers, governmentSecret police, the OVRA

Page 12: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Adolf Hitler In 1933 Adolf Hitler promised Germans that he would tear up the Treaty of Versailles. His Nazi Party won the elections and he was appointed Chancellor of Germany. He quickly gathered all power in his own hands and began arresting communists, trade unionists and Jews.

Problems Major Reforms Examples of Totalitarian Rule

Damage from WWI and Great Depression caused

economy to sufferHyperinflation,

unemployment, massive debt due to Treaty of

VersaillesFear of communist

revolution

Developed Nazi party - Extreme sense of

nationalismIgnored Treaty of

Versailles rebuilt militaryProvided security and leadership to GermansTargeted scapegoats -

Jews, French, Communists

Preached service to the state!

Developed idea of Aryans, master race, who needed to be purified and regain land that was rightfully theirs. Campaign against Jews

Used censorship and propaganda - schools,

newspapers, governmentSecret police, the Gestapo

Page 13: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Hideki Tojo

During the Great Depression, nations could not afford to buy Japanese goods and many factories closed. Some Japanese blamed the democracy movement for the economic problems and thought that a return to military rule would be the solution to Japan’s problems.

Problems Major ReformsExamples of Totalitarian Rule

Unhappiness over loss of traditions

Loss of foreign markets due to Great DepressionUnemployment, poverty

among peasantsGovernment was seen as

weak,corrupt, and inefficient

Military took over government and ended

democracyGlorified war to build an

over sea empireStressed nationalism, shintoism, and anti-

western feelings

Preached service to the state and to honor Emperor

Hirohito as a god!Invaded Manchuria and

ChinaUsed censorship and propaganda - schools,

newspapers, governmentSecret police

Page 14: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

Causes World War II

Hitler's Aggression• 1938 Hitler takes Austria• Hitler takes Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)• Invasion of Poland, starting WWII.

Appeasement: Giving into a aggressors demands in order to keep peace, Neville Chamberlain agrees to Hitler demands

at the Munich Conference.

League of Nations Fails: Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles, rebuilt his army. League of Nations does nothing to condemn Hitler’s

aggression.

Page 16: Wwi,Wwii, Nationalism

EFFECTS OF WWII

Creation of the United Nation: Maintain International peace and protect Human Rights. U.N. Security Council, each member has veto power over

peacekeeping operations.

Nuremburg Trials: Nazi officers are held accountable for the Holocaust. Guilty of Crimes

against Humanity.

Super Powers:USA and U.S.S.R battle over the political ideas of

Communism vs. Democracy. The Cold War!

Atomic Age: After 1945, the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending the war

in Japan..