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    Home About Careers Clients Consulting Training Support Articles Blog

    Performance and OBIEE part III Test DesignMarch 18th, 2013 by Robin M offatt

    Having definedour test, we can now designit. Wordplay? Not really. Regardless of howwe run our tests, weve got to define

    up front whatit is we are testing. Once weve got that, we can then work out how to actually create a test that sim ulates what

    weve defined.

    Pretty boring huh? Cant we jus t, yknow, like, run LoadRunner a bunch of times?

    Sure, go ahead. But unless everything is hunky-dory and pass es with flying colours , youll on ly end up retrofitting the

    definition to your test in order to properly analyse the problem and create further tests to get to root-cause. Therein lies the

    path to madnes s, and more importantly, wasted time and poor quality tests.

    Dont jump the gun and wade into the fun part, otherwise youll spend too much time trying to figure out what to buildinto

    your test on the hoof ins tead of carefully working it out up front.

    The OBI stackThe key to designing a good performance test, and comprehending the results from it, is understanding the OBI stack.

    Doing so enables us to inject tests into the OBI stack at various po ints to focus our testing and reduce the time i t takes to

    build a test. Being able to pinpoint where the work happens is also essential to focussing troubleshooting.

    At a very high level, the s tack looks l ike this :

    (NB this is not an exhaustive diagram, for example, it doesnt include any alternative security providers)

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    For each Logical SQLreques t from Presentation Services, there will be one or morePhysical SQLqueries, but just one

    resultset pas sed back to Presentation Services. For each Dashboardthere may be manyLogical SQLqueries run.

    5 for the hammer, 95 for knowing where to hit itBuilding an accurate, flexible performance test rig takes time and therefore it is wis e to test only what needs testing. For

    example:

    DecisionsreplicationReportService RTDrunReportsampleappscreenscripting

    securitystartup testingtrainingXML

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    If our performance test is for a g reenfield OBI deployment then wed be pretty foolish no t to conduct an end-to-end test.

    We need to make sure that all the components are performing together at the required workload.

    However, what about if were testing a existing mature deployment where theres a specific problem in the database? We

    coulddo an end to end tes t, but if all thats changing is the database (for example, new indexes) then we s hould probably

    jus t focus our tes t on the databas e.

    What about if the RPD is changing in an existing deployment and nothing els e? Is there really any point performance

    testing the respons e time all the way to the user? If the data returnedis the sam e then we can presume that the

    performance in Presentation Servicesand back to the user is going to be the same. Therefore we can build a morestreamlined (and thus efficient) test agains t just the BI Server (because the RPD has changed) and the database

    (because a changed RPD could generate different Physical SQL).

    The flipside of not testing what doesnt need testingis to test what doesneed testingand may get overlooked. For

    example , are your users connecting over 3G yet youre conducting your performance tests on a LAN?

    Tools & Designs for OBI performance testing

    There are s everal different ways to build a performance test for OBIEE. I have

    described them here as well as suggested where each one is m ost

    appropriate to use.

    End-to-end (almost)

    Traditional load tes ting tools s uch as JMeter, Oracle Application Testing Suite

    (OATS), and HP LoadRunner can be used to simulate a user clicking on a

    report in a web browser and recording how long it takes for the report to run.

    They can have multiple report definitions, and run many concurrently. This is

    usuall y sufficient for a comprehensive performance test. One should be awarewhen using these that there is s till an element that has not been tested:

    1. Outbound. A user interacting with OBI uses a modern web browser with lots of asynchronous traffic (AJAX). Forexample , clicking on a prom pt to get a list of values, clicking on the dashboard menu to see a list of availabledashboards. A standard load tes t will typically only send the HTTP request necessary to trigger the dashboard refreshitself.

    2. Inbound. A real users web browser will receive the data from a dashboard as it is returned from the OBI server andrender it. Once its finis hed rendering, it is viewable to the us er. If it is a large pivot table with hundreds of thousands ofcells (because thats how the Excel report were duplicating does it) then this might take many seconds or even

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    minutes or even not work at all. Buta load test tool will pars e the data that comes back from the server, and once allthe datas received, it will mark that as the comple ted respons e time the time to render is not included.

    This is not to dismis s this approach of test design generally it is a very good one. These are the s ubtleties that a standard

    load test can overlook. The AJAX dashboard m enu call m ight not take long, but the list of values might be a hidden bottleneck

    if it hits an unoptimis ed data source (for example, SELECT DISTINCT DIM_VALUE FROM 60M_ROW_UNAGGREGATED_DIM_TABLE).

    It is im portant that the above limitations are noted, and the test design adjus ted to compensate where these weaknes ses

    are obs erved (for example, large pivot tables, lis t of values, e tc).

    Presentation Services via Web Services

    Snuck in with the other goodies of SampleApp v207is LoadTest.jar. Youll find it in /home/oracle/scripts/loadtest, along

    with a readme file detailing how to use it. It takes as input a single Das hboard path, and runs concurrent user requests

    agains t it. Since it is us ing a dashboard path we can presume it is i nterfacing with Presentation Services, and my guess is

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    that it utilises the OBIEE web servicesto generate the load.

    This utility will presumably have the sam e limi tation as JMeter, LoadRunner et al in that page render times are no t included

    in the respons e time. LoadTest.jar also only returns timings at a total level for a batch of concurrent users how long does it

    take, in total, forxusers to run a given dashboard. Individual response times from the BI Server for the constituent queries

    can be seen in Usage Tracking. LoadTest.jar could also be invoked multiple times to simulate multiple users/dashboards

    and the timing for each invocation be recorded to get a more granu lar set of respons e times . Finally, LoadTest.jar can only

    fetch a das hboard in i ts default state there is no apparent way to change prompt values or i nteract with hierarchical

    columns , drill paths, etc.

    An alternative to LoadTest.jar for this type of testing could be us ing JMeter to invoke the web s ervices, which cou ld give more

    flexibility (at the expense o f time to s et it up and complexity to maintain).

    BI Server + Database

    The BI Server supports ODBC or JDBC for communication with clients (such as Pres entation Services). We can use a client

    to send Logical SQL requests to it and record the respons e time. Because Presentation Services als o sends Logical SQL to

    BI Server this test approach is a good one becaus e from the BI Server + Database point of view, the behaviour is exactly the

    sam e whether the Logical SQL comes from Presentation Services or another client (eg injected by us for performance

    testing).

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    nqcmdis the ODBC client that is p rovided with OBIEE. You can wrap this in a series of shell scripts to create a complete test,

    or you could build a test using JMeterwith the OBIEE JDBC driverfor a more flexible and scalable test rig.

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    What this m ethod doesnt testis Presentation Services and upstream, so the additional processing of resultsets, passing

    the data back to the web browser, and the rendering of it. But, if you are targeting your testing at jus t the RPD and Database

    then this is a very good way to avoid unnecessary complexity.

    Database

    If nothingin your OBI configuration has changed and you just want to test the

    performance of the database, then you can jus t use s tandard database

    performance test tools. Take the Physical SQL from the report being tested

    and run it against the database using your databases standard tools.

    This is useful if you are doing tuning work at the database level (partitioning,

    indexing, etc), but only use this approachif nothingis chang ing in your RPD.

    As soon as the RPD changes, different physical SQL could potentially result.

    Remem ber also that the response time from a physical SQL executed on the

    database is not the same as the response time of a report it still has to go

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    back up through the stack back to the users web browser. For a complex

    report or a large number of rows this can add sign ificant time.

    The only genuine end-to-end test a

    stopwatch!

    I kid you not before spending weeks and building complex LoadRunner scripts,

    stop and think about the testing you are doing. If you want to test all the das hboards

    with a single user concurrency find a willing m onkey to sit there for 20 minutes andrun the dashboards. Maybe you need to test mul tiuser concurrency but can make do

    with fewer dashboards tested this way than for a single us er.

    This is also a very easy way to determine page render times. As I discuss ed in the

    paragraph above, traditional load test tools s uch as LoadRunner and JMeter only

    meas ure the time taken for an OBI dashboard to return data and not how long it takes to render i t. For the user obviously the

    only time they are going to be interested in is the complete time including rendering. So using a stopwatch (or more

    scientifically, inbuilt browser tools such as Chromes Developer Tools) you can measure the complete time as the user will

    experience it.

    Which tool?In an OBI performance test lifecycle I would expect to use several of the d ifferent tools described above. Typically a greenfield

    test will look at the performance o f the stack end-to-end. If there are problems wi th the end-to-end, or if the testing is in

    respons e to a problem in an existing system, I would use a response time profile(of which more later) to understand where

    the bottleneck lay and focus the testing (and tuning) there. For example , if the bottleneck appeared to be the SQL that the

    RPD was generating I might use nqcmdto validate changes I m ade to the RPD and/or the database model

    Test Design tipsWhichever method you use, bear the following in m ind:

    1. Generating a big load is easy; generating a big load that provides useful data is more difficult. For example , when a testshows 100 concurrent users running 10 different dashboards doesn t work, how do you break it down into componentsto see where the bottleneck is? A good test design wi ll take this into account up front and include granular res ponsetimes and instrumentation.

    2. K.I.S.S.: Sometimes a set of shel l scripts run concurrently will do just as good a job of applying a high load to OBI as aproper load testing tool can. The timecomm and will always give you the duration o f an execution, and you canmodula rise sets of shell scripts to your hearts content.

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    1. If you use s hell scripting, dont forget to KISS a complex mess of shell scripts is nt Simple either.

    3. You may see a conflict between the above points. How do you build a test that is granular and well instrumented, yetisnt overly complex? Well, therein lies the gold ;-) Because all performance tests are different, I can only outline heregood approaches to take, but you have to walk that line between com plexity and flexibility in your des ign.

    Heuristic and Holistic performance testing

    There is m ore than one way to evaluate the performance of OBIEE. Tools like those I have described above are great forsim ulating known workloads with a fixed definition. Unfortunately, all of these ass ume a known set of reports and predicates,

    and user behaviour. What about testing a s ystem where there is ad hoc capabi lity and/or a great number of possible

    predicate values and thus execution plans?

    Here I would recommend a thorough reviewof the systems implementation, with the view to determining poss ible

    bottlenecks before they occur. It is more difficult to prescribe this area as it comes down to a combina tion of personal

    experience of good design , careful evaluation of right practices, and the ability to iso late and test particular configurations.

    The difficulty with this type of testing is that is produces less tangible data with which to say yea or nayon a systems ability

    to perform. It means that the audience for the performance test report mus t be receptive to It Depends. Just because a table

    doesn t have a particular index doesnt mean in i tself that the performance test is a failure and the index must be defined

    before go live. What it does mean is that the missing index maycause a worse execution plan which mayrequire additional

    database resources which maylim it how many queries can run concurrently before a bottleneck is reached.

    For specific sugges tions of what to examine in this type of evaluation, see here. I am well aware of the apparent contradiction

    in advocating a heuristic approach here yet criticising best practices. My problem with bes t practices is when they are

    treated as abs olutes and without context; they normally originate from good intentions and are s ubsequently abused. In the

    context of evaluating a s ystems performance that is im poss ible to comprehensively test (eg ad hoc report workload) then

    looking at how pas t implem entations of the technology is the only sensible option. The success of these past

    implem entations may or may not be encoded as best practices; the point is that they are evaluated in

    a conscious manner and not followed blindly.

    Resource management

    To reduce the risk to a Production system o f running ad hoc or untested reports, resource m anagement at the database level

    could be us ed. On Oracle, Database Resource Manager(DBRM) enables queries to be allocated a greater or lower priority

    for CPU on the database, or limit the execution time. Fixed reports which have been through a s trict performance QA process

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    could be given greater resource s ince the effect has been quantified and analysed in advance, whilst ad hoc or unproven

    reports could be more res tricted.

    To implement this, pass through the report or user name through in the connection pool, and then define a Resource

    Manager rule to ass ign the resource m anagement policy accordingly.

    Resources can also be controlled at the BI Server level by setting restrictions on query runtimes and rows returned on a per-

    application role basis.

    What next?Now that weve definedthe test we want to perform, and have designed how it will be implemented, we move onto actually

    building it, here

    Other articles in this seriesThis article is part of a series on the subject of Performance and OBIEE:

    1. Introduction

    2. Test Define3. Test Design4. Test Build5. Execute6. Analyse7. Optimise8. Summary and FAQ

    Comments?Id love yourfeedback. Do you agree wi th this method, or is it a waste of time? What have I overlooked or overemphas ised?

    Am I flogging a dead horse?

    Because there are several articles in this s eries, and Id like to retain the discuss ion in one place, Ive enabled comm ents on

    the summary and FAQpost here, and disabled comments on the others.

    Related Posts:

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