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A knight(/n at/[1]) is a person granted an honorary titleof knighthoodby a monarchor other political

leader for service to the Monarch or country, especially in a military capacity. istorically, in !urope,

"nighthood has been conferred upon mounted #arriors. [$]%uring the igh Middle Ages, "nighthood

#as considered a class of lo#er nobility. &y the'ate Middle Ages, the ran" had become associated

#ith the ideals of chivalry, acode of conductfor the perfect courtlyhristian#arrior.ften, a "night

#as avassal#ho served as a fighter for a lord, #ith payment in the form of land holdings. [*]+he lords

trusted the "nights, #ho #ere s"illed in battle on horsebac".ince the early modern period,the title

of knightis purely honorific, usually besto#ed by a monarch, as in the &ritish honours system, often

for non-military service to the country.

istorically, the ideals of chivalry #ere popularied in medieval literature, especially the Matter of

&ritainand Matter of rance, the former based on 0eoffrey of MonmouthsHistoria Regum

Britanniae(2istory of the 3ings of &ritain2), #ritten in the 11*4s. ir +homas MalorysLe Morte

d'Arthur(2+he %eath of Arthur2), #ritten in 1567, #as important in defining the idealof chivalry#hich

is essential to the modern concept of the "night as an elite #arrior s#orn to uphold the values

of faith, loyalty, courage, and honour. urthermore,0eoffroi de harnys 2&oo" of hivalry2

e8pounded upon the importance of hristian faith in every area of a 3nights life. %uring

the9enaissance,the genre of chivalric romancebecame popular in literature, gro#ing ever more

idealistic and eventually giving rise to a ne# form of realismin literature popularised by Miguel de

ervantesDon Quixote.+his novel e8plored the ideals of "nighthood and their incongruity #ith the

reality of ervantes #orld. :n the late medieval period, ne# methods of #arfare began to render

classical "nights in armour obsolete, but the titles remained in many nations.

omeordersof "nighthood, such as the3nights +emplar, have become the sub;ect of legend< othershave disappeared into obscurity. +oday, a number of orders of "nighthood continue to e8ist in several

countries, such as the !nglishrder of the 0arter, the #edish 9oyal rder of the eraphim, and

the9oyal =or#egian rder of t. lav.!ach of these orders has its o#n criteria for eligibility, but

"nighthood is generally granted by a head of stateto selected persons to recognise some

meritorious achievement.

3nighthood in the Middle Ages #as closely lin"ed #ith horsemanship (and especially the;oust) from

its origins in the 1$th century until its final flo#ering as a fashion among the high nobility in

the%uchy of &urgundyin the 17th century. +his lin"age is reflected in the etymology

ofchivalry, cavalierand related terms (see !tymologysection belo#). +he special prestige given to

mounted #arriors finds a parallel in thefurusiyyain the Muslim #orld, and the

0ree"hippeus(>??@B) and the 9oman euesof lassical AntiCuity.

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