MAJOR WEEDS OF VEGETABLES

AND

THEIR MANAGEMENT

Muhammad IrfanExpert Field Facilitator

CABI South Asia

By

What is a Weed?

A weed is a plant growing where it is not desired

or the plant out of place not intentionally sown, whose undesirable qualities outweigh its good points.

IDENTIFICATION

BROAD LEAVED WEEDS

Amaranthus viridis (Cholai)

Anagallis arvensis (Billi Booti)

Chenopodium album (Bathoo)

Chenopodium murale (Krund)

Cichorium intybus (Kaasni)

Carthamus oxyacantha (Pohli)

Cirsium arvense (Leah)

Cleome viscosa (Hulhul)

Convolvulus arvensis (Lehli)

Portulaca oleracea (Qulfa)

Solanum nigrum (Mako)

Stellaria media (Phoolan Booti)

Trianthema portulacastrum (It sit)

Tribulus terrestris (Bhakhra)

Vicia sativa (Riwari)

Lathyrus aphaca (Matri)

Rumex dentatus (Jangli palak)

Melilotus indica (Sainji)

Medicago polymorpha (Maina)

Heliotropium indicum (Oont Chara)

Coronopus didymus (Jangli Haloon)

Fumaria indica (Shahtra)

Euphorbia hirta (Peeli Dhodhak)

Euphorbia granulata (Hazar dani)

Digera arvensis (Tandla)

NARROW LEAVED WEEDS

Dactyloctenum aegyptium (Madhana)

Cyperus rotundus (Deela)

Fimbristylis dichotoma (Murk)

Cynodon dactylon (Khabbal)

Avena fatua (Jangli Jai)

Phalaris minor (Dumbi Sitti)

Echinochloa crusgalli (Sawanki)

Poa annua (Bhoain)

Polypogon monspeliensis (Dumb Ghas)

Sorghum halepense (Baroo)

Setaria pumila (Loomer ghas)

WEED MANAGEMENT

WHY CONTROL WEEDS?

Weeds harbor diseases and insects

Take moisture, nutrients, and light from the crop

Reduce quality, crop yield and interfere with harvest

Reduce Aesthetic value

Weeds always win!Prolific seeders

Dormancy - wait until conditions are favorable

Seed dispersal

Genetic diversity

Long-term seed viability

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

Follow Proper Cultural Practices

Prevent Weed Introduction

Identify Problem Weeds

If Needed, Control the WEEDS

Preventive Methods

Cultural Controls

Mechanical Control

Chemical Control

Preventive Methods

• Weed-free seed, plant material

• Weed free mulch, topdressing, etc.

• Keep border areas free of weeds

• Clean equipment before moving from a weedy area

to a weed free area

CULTURAL METHODS

• Fertility management

• Cultivation practices

• Irrigation

Mechanical Methods

Hand removal -- pulling weeds

Hoeing

Mulching

Chemical Control

CLASSIFICATION OF HERBICIDES

Application Timing

– Pre-emergence

• Prior to seed germination

– Post-emergence

• After seed germination and active growth

– Post-directed

• Directed to particular portion of plant once

emerged and growing

HERBICIDE MODES OF ACTION

1. Plant Growth Regulation

2. Photosynthesis Inhibitors

3. Photosynthetic Pigment Inhibitors

4. Plant Growth Inhibitors

5. Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibition

6. Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibition

7. Cell Membrane Disruption

8. Unclassified Activity

Some Important Herbicides

PRE-EMERGENCE

Pendimethalin (Stomp)

S-metolachlor (Dual Gold)

Atrazine+S-metolachlor (Primextra Gold)

Acetochlor (Acetochlor)

Butachlor (Machete)

POST-EMERGENCE

Atrazine (B.L) (Atratox)

Bromoxinal+MCPA (B.L) (Buctril Super)

Metribuzin (B.L) (Zinker, Sencor)

Fenoxaprop-p ethyl (N.L) (Puma Super)

Clodinofop Propergyl (N.L) (Topik)

Ethoxysulfuron (N.L) (Sunstar)

Oxadiargyl (B&N.L) (Top Star)

Glyphosate General Herbicide (Round up)

THANKS