8/13/2019 Vaughn

1/6

8/13/2019 Vaughn

2/6

IC to Mitigate Cracking and Improve Corrosion Performance Raoufi, K., and. Weiss J.

ACI Fall 2012 Convention October 23rd2012 Page 2 of 9

InternalCuringEvolution ReduceorEliminateChemicalandAutogenous

ShrinkageandCracking

ImprovedHydrationofCementandCementitious Materials

GreaterEarly

Age

and

Later

Compressive

Strength

GreaterEarlyAgeandLaterFlexural Strength

GreaterEarlyAgeandLaterMortarStrength

ReducedPermeability

ReducedWarping

ImprovedDensityofInterfacialTransitionZone(ITZ)

ReducedCarbonation

LessReinforcementCorrosion

Provision ofLongerLife

LowerLifeCycleCost

Chesapeake Bay Bridg e

Under Construction - 1952

LargestContinuousOverWaterSteelBridge(4miles)

3500PSIMixwith105Density

2nd BridgeBuiltin1973andthe2AsphaltLayerwasremovedfrom

theDeckandtheLWDeckwasfoundtobeinExcellentCondition

Theapproacheswithnormalweightconcrete hadtobereplaced

Chesapeake Bay Bridg e60 Years Later - January 2012

TheLWaggregateintheconcretein1952wasbatchedatSSD

Absor bent Lim eston e Bri dge

No sig n of Cracking in 12/2011

Limestonewithabsorptiongreaterthan1% asInternalCuring

Main Avenue Bridge Deck, Cleveland, Ohio

Type K Cement and IC to Improve Curi ng

No cracking 12/2011

TypeKCement with IC

CLEVELAND BRIDGE DECK Using IC

Compressive Strength 20% Greater

No crackin g 12/2011

15%MoistureinIC@100lbs/yd=15lbwater

8/13/2019 Vaughn

3/6

IC to Mitigate Cracking and Improve Corrosion Performance Raoufi, K., and. Weiss J.

ACI Fall 2012 Convention October 23rd2012 Page 3 of 9

Lightweight Aggregate

Infiltration Base Prior to

Placement of Pads 1-4

Placement

PERVIOUSPAVEMENT

Co ntr ol Text ure Ad di ti on o f 100# o f LWAS Text ure

PERVIOUSPAVEMENT

TESTPADS

Pad 4

Internal Curing

No Poly

Pad 3

Internal Curing

No Poly

Pad 2

Internal Curing

No Poly

Pad 1

Reference/Control

Poly Sheeting

14 Days

PERVIOUSPAVEMENTMIXTUREDESIGNSTABLEI

CONTROL 50IC 100IC 150IC

pcy(kg/m3) p cy ( kg /m3) pcy(kg/m3) pcy(kg/m3)

CEMENT 600(360) 600(360) 600(360) 600(360)

FINENORMALWEIGHTAGGREGATE

2.61sg668(400) 668(400) 518(315) 518(315)

FINELIGHTWEIGHTAGGREGATE

1.80

sg

0 50(30) 100(60) 150(90)

COARSEAGREGATE

2.68sg2620( 15 70 ) 2 62 0( 15 70 ) 2 62 0( 15 70 ) 2 62 0(1570)

SIKAMENT686

6oz/cwt

(3.9mL/k)

6oz/cwt

(3.9mL/kg)

6oz/cwt

(3.9mL/kg)

6oz/cwt

(3.9mL/kg)

SIKAAEA14

2oz/cwt

(1.3mL/k)

2oz/cwt

(1.3mL/kg)

2oz/cwt

(1.3mL/kg)

2oz/cwt

(1.3mL/kg)

WATER 166(75) 166(75) 166(75) 166(75)

AIRCONTENT 6% 6% 6% 6%

W/CRATO 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28

FLEXURAL AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS

pcy(kg/m3)

Flexural

psi(mPa)

Compressive

psi(mPa)

Pad1 0 210(1.4 ) 11 55(8.0)

Pad2 50(30) 315(2.2) 1225(8.5)

Pad3 100(60) 535(3.7) 3825(26.4)

Pad4 150(90) 425(2.9) 2930(20.2)

8/13/2019 Vaughn

4/6

IC to Mitigate Cracking and Improve Corrosion Performance Raoufi, K., and. Weiss J.

ACI Fall 2012 Convention October 23rd2012 Page 4 of 9

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH vs TIME

for

TEST PADS 1 THROUGH 4

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

0 7 14 21 28 35

Concrete Age (Days)

0lbs/ydIC50lbs/ydIC100lbs/yd IC150lbs/yd IC

CONTR

150LB

IC

100LB

IC

50LB

IC

DENVER WATER

IC SLAB

PLACEMENT

10 Million Gallon

Water Storage

Tank w ith 285 lb IC= 43 lb/yd (5 gal)

DENVERWATERMonolithicPour

ContractoralsousedICwalls &

columns NoshrinkagecracksDENVERWATER

ICROOF

PREPARATION

DIFFERENTAGGREGATESUSED

FORDIFFERENT

INTERNALCURINGAPPLICATIONS

ConcreteDensity TypeofAggregates

105 lightweightcoarseandlightweightfineaggregate

115 lightweightcoarseandnormalweightfineaggregate

Inverted normal weightcoarseandlightweightfineaggregate

123128 lightweightandnormalweightcoarse,

ModifiedDensity normalweightfineand/orlightweightfineaggregate

Three Story Building in Tulsa Oklahoma

Physical Properties and Compressive Strengths

Date Air

Content

%

Sl um p Co nc ret e

Temperatur

e

7 Day

Compressive

Strength

28 Day

Compressive

Strength

7/27/11 2.8 5.0 83 F 5136 psi 7064 psi

7/27/11 4.0 7.5 78 F 4190 psi 6440 psi

7/30/11 4.6 7.0 83 F 3550 psi 4911 psi

8/13/2019 Vaughn

5/6

8/13/2019 Vaughn

6/6

IC to Mitigate Cracking and Improve Corrosion Performance Raoufi, K., and. Weiss J.

ACI Fall 2012 Convention October 23rd2012 Page 6 of 9

REFERENCES(contd)20.Mather,B.,SelfCuringConcrete,WhyNot?,ConcreteInternational,23(1),4647,December2001.21.Peled,A.,Castro,J.,Weiss,J.,Atomic ForceMicroscopyExaminationsofMortarMadebyUsingWaterFilledLightweightAggregates,Transportation ResearchRecordJournalofTRB,No.214,2010,pp92101.22.Powers,T.,Copeland,L.,&Mann,H.(1959).CapillaryContinuityorDiscontinuityinCementPastes.TheResearch BulletinofthePortlandCementAssociation,1(2),3848.

23.RILEM.

(2007).

Internal

Curing

of

Concrete.

(K.

Kovler,

&

O.

Jensen,

Eds.)

Paris:

RILEM

Publications

S.A.R.L.24.Roberts,J.W.,CurrentandFutureTrendsintheApplicationofInternal CuringofConcrete, inProceedingsofthe4th InternationalSeminar:SelfDessication andItsImportanceinConcreteTechnology, Eds.B.Person,D.Bentz,andL.O.Nilsson,Gaithersburg,MD,197209,2005.25.Roberts,J.W.,InternalCuringinPavement, BridgeDecks,andParkingStructures,usingAbsorptiveAggregatetoProvideWaterToHydrateCementnotHydratedbymixingWater,Transportation Research Board,Washington D.C.,TRBCommitteeA2E05,ConcreteMaterialsandPlacementTechniques, January13,2004.26.Roberts,J.W.,Jones,B.W.,Hulsman, J.M.,ImprovingtheDurabilityandEconomyofShortandMediumSpanBridgesthroughInternal Curing,7thInternationalConferenceonShortandMediumSpanBridges,Montreal,Canada,August2325,2006.27.TheErlin Company,SupplementaryReport,PetrographicExaminationsofaConcreteCore,January14,2009.28.Wei,Y,andHansen,W.,PresoakedLightweightFineAggregatesasAdditivesforInternalCuringinConcrete,ACIPuertoRico,SP2563,2007

ThankYou

Questions