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Overview ofThe Australian University System

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• Australia’s earliest universities were founded before Australia became a federation in 1901

• Four of Australia’s oldest universities (Universities of Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Tasmania) were the product of their colonial governments

• The remaining two establishment universities (Universities of Queensland and Western Australia) were formed shortly after federation – under state legislation

• In 1911 there were only 3,000 students enrolled in Australian universities – approximately 0.1% of the population

Early Australian Universities

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University of Sydney - 1851

University of Melbourne -

1853

University of Adelaide - 1874

University of Tasmania -

1890

University of Queensland -

1909

University of Western

Australia - 1911

Early Australian Universities

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• In the late 1940s, Australia’s university student numbers had grown to 32,000

• By the late 1950s, the student numbers had reached 50,000

• As a result of a review that exposed chronic under-funding, the Federal Government had to step in and provide additional funding to universities from the late 1950s

• By the late 1960s, the Federal Government rationalised tertiary education into a two-tier (binary) system composed of:

– Universities

– Colleges of Advanced Education including Institutes of Technology

Post-War Expansion

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• In the early 1970s, the Federal Government abolished all fees for universities and CAEs and took over full funding control of Australia’s universities

• Most Australian universities were enacted under state legislation but subsequently funded by the Federal Government - leading to confusing lines of accountability

• The only post-war exception to this anomaly was the Australian National University, enacted under federal legislation in 1946

• The post-war expansion of the Australian tertiary sector led to the establishment of 14 new universities

Post-War Expansion

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University of NSW - 1949

Monash University -

1958

University of Newcastle -

1965

La Trobe University -

1965

Australian National

University - 1946

Flinders University -

1966

Post-War Expansion of System

University of New England -

1954

Macquarie University -

1964

James Cook Univeristy -

1970

Griffith University -

1971

Murdoch University -

1973

Deakin University -

1974

University of Wollongong -

1975

Curtin University -

1986

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• In the late 1980s the Federal Education Minister (John Dawkins) abolished the binary system of universities and colleges of advanced education

• The binary system was replaced with a unified national system, and former colleges of advanced education and institutes of technology were relabelled as universities

• This led to a near doubling of the number of institutions in Australia that were labelled as universities

Dawkins Reforms

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University of Western

Sydney - 1989

Australian Catholic

University - 1990

Queensland University of Technology -

1988

RMIT University -

1992

University of Canberra - 1990

University of South

Australia - 1991

Dawkins Universities

Charles Sturt University - 1990

University of Technology

Sydney - 1988

Charles Darwin (NT) Univeristy -

1988

Bond University -

1989

University of Notre Dame -

1990

Swinburne University of Technology -

1992

Central Queensland

University - 1992

Edith Cowan University -

1991

University of Southern

Queensland - 1992

Victoria University -

1992

Southern Cross University - 1994

Ballarat University - 1994

University of the Sunshine Coast -

1994

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University of Western

Australia - 1911

University of Tasmania -

1890

University of Queensland -

1909

University of Sydney - 1851

University of Melbourne -

1853

Post-Dawkins University Landscape

Charles Darwin (NT) Univeristy -

1988

University of NSW - 1949

Monash University - 1958

University of Newcastle - 1965

La Trobe University - 1965

Australian National University - 1946

University of New England - 1954

Macquarie University - 1964

Griffith University - 1971

Deakin University -

1974

Murdoch University - 1973

University of Wollongong - 1975

Curtin University - 1986

Charles Sturt University - 1990

Central Queensland

University - 1992

University of Notre Dame -

1990

Edith Cowan University -

1991

Southern Cross University - 1994

Victoria University -

1992

Swinburne University of Technology -

1992

Ballarat University - 1994

Australian Catholic

University - 1990

RMIT University -

1992

University of Canberra - 1990

University of Western

Sydney - 1989

University of Technology

Sydney - 1988

Queensland University of Technology -

1988

Bond University -

1989

James Cook Univeristy - 1970

University of Southern

Queensland - 1992

University of the Sunshine Coast -

1994

University of Adelaide - 1874

Flinders University -

1966

University of South

Australia - 1991

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• Approximately 39 institutions classified as universities

• 38,965 EFT Academic/research staff in 2009

• 51,334 EFT Administrative/technical staff in 2009

• 1,002,003 Total students (714,696 EFT) in 2008 – 5% of Population

• 258,802 Graduations in 2008 (approximately 1/3 international)

• $17.3 Billion Turnover (2007)

• $9.3 Billion Australian Federal Government funding (2007)

• $2.6 Billion International student fee income (2007) – 15%

• $691 Million state and local government funding (2007)

The Current Australian University System

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Full-Time Equivalent Academic/Research Staffing by Institution 2008

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Mon

ash

Uni

vers

ity

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f M

elbo

urne

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f S

ydne

y

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Q

ueen

slan

d

Uni

vers

ity o

f N

ew S

outh

Wal

es

The

Aus

tral

ian

Nat

iona

l Uni

vers

ity

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f W

este

rn A

ustr

alia

Cur

tin U

nive

rsity

of

Tec

hnol

ogy

Que

ensl

and

Uni

vers

ity o

f T

echn

olog

y

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f A

dela

ide

Grif

fith

Uni

vers

ity

La T

robe

Uni

vers

ity

Roy

al M

elbo

urne

Ins

titut

e of

Tec

hnol

ogy

Uni

vers

ity o

f S

outh

Aus

tral

ia

Dea

kin

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f T

asm

ania

Uni

vers

ity o

f N

ewca

stle

Mac

quar

ie U

nive

rsity

Uni

vers

ity o

f T

echn

olog

y, S

ydne

y

Uni

vers

ity o

f W

ollo

ngon

g

Uni

vers

ity o

f W

este

rn S

ydne

y

The

Flin

ders

Uni

vers

ity o

f S

outh

Aus

tral

ia

Cha

rles

Stu

rt U

nive

rsity

Jam

es C

ook

Uni

vers

ity

Vic

toria

Uni

vers

ity

Sw

inbu

rne

Uni

vers

ity o

f T

echn

olog

y

Mur

doch

Uni

vers

ity

Edi

th C

owan

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f N

ew E

ngla

nd

Aus

tral

ian

Cat

holic

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f S

outh

ern

Que

ensl

and

Cen

tral

Que

ensl

and

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f C

anbe

rra

Sou

ther

n C

ross

Uni

vers

ity

Cha

rles

Dar

win

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f B

alla

rat

Bon

d U

nive

rsity

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f N

otre

Dam

e A

ustr

alia

Uni

vers

ity o

f th

e S

unsh

ine

Coa

stB

atch

elor

Ins

titut

e of

Ind

igen

ous

Ter

tiary

Edu

catio

n

Institution

Eff

ec

tiv

e F

ull-

Tim

e S

taff

Academic Staffing by Institution

Big 5 Universities

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Total Income from All Sources 2007

$0

$200,000,000

$400,000,000

$600,000,000

$800,000,000

$1,000,000,000

$1,200,000,000

$1,400,000,000

$1,600,000,000

The U

niv

ers

ity o

f M

elb

ourn

e

The U

niv

ers

ity o

f S

ydney

Monash U

niv

ers

ity

The U

niv

ers

ity o

f Q

ueensla

nd

Univ

ers

ity o

f N

ew

South

Wale

s

The A

ustr

alia

n N

ational U

niv

ers

ity

Royal M

elb

ourn

e I

nstitu

te o

f T

echnolo

gy

The U

niv

ers

ity o

f W

este

rn A

ustr

alia

Curt

in U

niv

ers

ity o

f T

echnolo

gy

Queensla

nd U

niv

ers

ity o

f T

echnolo

gy

Griff

ith U

niv

ers

ity

The U

niv

ers

ity o

f A

dela

ide

Deakin

Univ

ers

ity

La T

robe U

niv

ers

ity

Univ

ers

ity o

f T

echnolo

gy,

Sydney

Macquarie U

niv

ers

ity

Univ

ers

ity o

f S

outh

Austr

alia

Univ

ers

ity o

f W

este

rn S

ydney

Univ

ers

ity o

f N

ew

castle

Sw

inburn

e U

niv

ers

ity o

f T

echnolo

gy

Univ

ers

ity o

f T

asm

ania

Vic

toria U

niv

ers

ity

Univ

ers

ity o

f W

ollo

ngong

Charles S

turt

Univ

ers

ity

Murd

och U

niv

ers

ity

Jam

es C

ook U

niv

ers

ity

The F

linders

Univ

ers

ity o

f S

outh

Austr

alia

Edith C

ow

an U

niv

ers

ity

Centr

al Q

ueensla

nd U

niv

ers

ity

Univ

ers

ity o

f B

alla

rat

Univ

ers

ity o

f N

ew

Engla

nd

Univ

ers

ity o

f S

outh

ern

Queensla

nd

Charles D

arw

in U

niv

ers

ity

Austr

alia

n C

ath

olic

Univ

ers

ity

South

ern

Cro

ss U

niv

ers

ity

Univ

ers

ity o

f C

anberr

a

Univ

ers

ity o

f th

e S

unshin

e C

oast

The U

niv

ers

ity o

f N

otr

e D

am

e A

ustr

alia

Batc

helo

r In

stitu

te o

f In

dig

enous T

ert

iary

Education

Institution

To

tal I

nc

om

e

Total Income by Institution

Big 5 Universities

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Total Non-Current Assets 2007

$0

$500,000,000

$1,000,000,000

$1,500,000,000

$2,000,000,000

$2,500,000,000

$3,000,000,000

$3,500,000,000

$4,000,000,000

$4,500,000,000

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f M

elbo

urne

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f S

ydne

y

The

Aus

tral

ian

Nat

iona

l Uni

vers

ity

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Q

ueen

slan

d

Mon

ash

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f N

ew S

outh

Wal

es

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f W

este

rn A

ustr

alia

Roy

al M

elbo

urne

Ins

titut

e of

Tec

hnol

ogy

Mac

quar

ie U

nive

rsity

Grif

fith

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f T

echn

olog

y, S

ydne

y

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f A

dela

ide

Uni

vers

ity o

f N

ewca

stle

Uni

vers

ity o

f W

este

rn S

ydne

y

Uni

vers

ity o

f S

outh

Aus

tral

ia

Dea

kin

Uni

vers

ity

Que

ensl

and

Uni

vers

ity o

f T

echn

olog

y

La T

robe

Uni

vers

ity

Edi

th C

owan

Uni

vers

ity

Cur

tin U

nive

rsity

of

Tec

hnol

ogy

Vic

toria

Uni

vers

ity

Mur

doch

Uni

vers

ity

Cha

rles

Stu

rt U

nive

rsity

Jam

es C

ook

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f W

ollo

ngon

g

Sw

inbu

rne

Uni

vers

ity o

f T

echn

olog

y

Uni

vers

ity o

f T

asm

ania

The

Flin

ders

Uni

vers

ity o

f S

outh

Aus

tral

ia

Uni

vers

ity o

f B

alla

rat

Cha

rles

Dar

win

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f N

ew E

ngla

nd

Uni

vers

ity o

f C

anbe

rra

Uni

vers

ity o

f S

outh

ern

Que

ensl

and

Cen

tral

Que

ensl

and

Uni

vers

ity

Aus

tral

ian

Cat

holic

Uni

vers

ity

Sou

ther

n C

ross

Uni

vers

ity

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f N

otre

Dam

e A

ustr

alia

Uni

vers

ity o

f th

e S

unsh

ine

Coa

stB

atch

elor

Ins

titut

e of

Ind

igen

ous

Ter

tiary

Edu

catio

n

Institution

To

tal N

on

-Cu

rre

nt

As

se

ts

Total Non-Current Assets by Institution

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• Research in Australian universities is a relatively recent phenomenon

• Australia’s first PhD was only awarded in 1948 by the University of Melbourne

• Currently Australia has some 30,000 students enrolled in PhD programs

• In 2008, Australian universities received a total of $2.8 Billion in research income

• All Australian universities claim to be involved in both learning and research - however, 70% of all research funding is awarded to the eight largest universities (the Group of 8)

• The five largest universities (Monash University + Universities of Melbourne, New South Wales, Queensland and Sydney) dominate the national research landscape

Research in the Australian University System

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Research Degrees in the Australian University System

PhDs Conferred in Australia (DEEWR)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

1948Year

1950Year

1997Year

1998Year

1999Year

2000Year

2001Year

2002Year

2003Year

2004Year

2005Year

2006Year

2007Year

2008Year

Year

To

tal

Ph

Ds

Co

nfe

rred

1 Completion in 1948

7 Completions in 1950

4,498 Completions in 2008

3,018 Completions in 1998

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2008 Total Research Funding by Institution

$0

$50,000,000

$100,000,000

$150,000,000

$200,000,000

$250,000,000

$300,000,000

$350,000,000

$400,000,000

$450,000,000

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Mel

bour

ne

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Syd

ney

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Que

ensl

and

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f New

Sou

th W

ales

Mon

ash

Uni

vers

ity

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Wes

tern

Aus

tralia

The

Aust

ralia

n N

atio

nal U

nive

rsity

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Ade

laid

e

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f New

cast

le

Uni

vers

ity o

f Tas

man

ia

Cur

tin U

nive

rsity

of T

echn

olog

y

Que

ensl

and

Uni

vers

ity o

f Tec

hnol

ogy

Uni

vers

ity o

f Sou

th A

ustra

lia

Grif

fith

Uni

vers

ity

The

Flin

ders

Uni

vers

ity o

f Sou

th A

ustra

lia

La T

robe

Uni

vers

ity

Mur

doch

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f Wol

long

ong

Mac

quar

ie U

nive

rsity

Dea

kin

Uni

vers

ity

Roy

al M

elbo

urne

Inst

itute

of T

echn

olog

y

Jam

es C

ook

Uni

vers

ity

Cha

rles

Dar

win

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f Tec

hnol

ogy,

Syd

ney

Uni

vers

ity o

f Wes

tern

Syd

ney

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f New

Eng

land

Swin

burn

e U

nive

rsity

of T

echn

olog

y

Edith

Cow

an U

nive

rsity

Uni

vers

ity o

f Can

berr

a

Cha

rles

Stur

t Uni

vers

ity

Vict

oria

Uni

vers

ity

Sout

hern

Cro

ss U

nive

rsity

Cen

tral Q

ueen

slan

d U

nive

rsity

Uni

vers

ity o

f Bal

lara

t

Uni

vers

ity o

f Sou

ther

n Q

ueen

slan

d

Aust

ralia

n C

atho

lic U

nive

rsity

Bond

Uni

vers

ity

Uni

vers

ity o

f the

Sun

shin

e C

oast

Mel

bour

ne C

olle

ge o

f Div

inity

The

Uni

vers

ity o

f Not

re D

ame

Aust

ralia

Batc

helo

r Ins

titut

e of

Indi

geno

us T

ertia

ry E

duca

tion

Total Research Funding by Institution

Big 5 Universities

Group of 8 Universities

(Go8)

Post-Dawkins

Universities

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Increasing Dominance of Large Universities 2004-2008

Total Institutional Research Funding from All Sources

$0

$50,000,000

$100,000,000

$150,000,000

$200,000,000

$250,000,000

$300,000,000

$350,000,000

2004

Tot

alR

esea

rch

Fund

ing

2005

Tot

alR

esea

rch

Fund

ing

2006

Tot

alR

esea

rch

Fund

ing

2007

Tot

alR

esea

rch

Fund

ing

2008

Tot

alR

esea

rch

Fund

ing

Year

Ave

rage

Go5 Average Go8 Average Non Go8 Average

Average research Income in

Australia’s big 5 Universities

Average research income in Group of

8

Average research Income for all other

universities

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International Ranking of Australia’s Universities

Institution Shanghai Jiao Tong Ranking 2010

Times Higher Education Ranking 2010

Leiden University Green Ranking

University of Melbourne

62 36 154

University of Sydney 92 71 175

University of Queensland

108 81 159

University of NSW 159 152 163

Monash University 171 178 192

University of WA 112 Not Ranked 187

Australian National University

59 43 120

University of Adelaide 214 73 214

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