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English Grammar

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TENSES

If

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to work at seven clock.goalwaysI

nice meals.cooksusuallyShe

.everydayhis homeworkwritesAhmed

alwaysusuallyoften

sometimesnever

every/day /year/summer.

Simple PresentThey = V.1-WeYouI

HeSheIt - = V+ s

English now.am studyingI

at the moment.are watchingThey

with the knifeis playing! the boyLook

.

nowlooklisten

at the moment

at the present time

Present ContinuousI = am + V. + ing

You We They = are + v + ing

It = is + V+ ingSheHe

.yetmy homeworkhaven't finishedI

to the market.have just goneThey

.yethas not comeAli

already - just - yet

recently - never - ever

Present PerfectThey = have + V.3WeYouI

HeSheIt = has + V.3

2002.sinceherehave been workingI

tenforin Kuwaithas been livingHeyears.

forsince

.ContPerfectPresentThey= have-We-You-I

been+V+ingHeSheIt = has been +V+ ing

.agoa new car three daysboughtAli

.Fridaytennis lastplayedWe

yesterdayagoonce

in the pastlast

This morningin 2012

PastSimpleV.2 = played

went

.were studyingthe bell rang , weWhen

football , I fellwas playingIWhile

down.

WhileWhenas

Past ContinuousYouWeThey =were +V+ing

It = was + V+ingHeSheI

hebeforea roombookedhadHe

traveled to London .my homework Ihad writtenIAfter

went out.

afterbeforeuntilas soon as - when

Past Perfect

had + V.3

year.nextto Londonwill travelI

tomorrowto the clubwill goWe

tomorrowsoonshortly

in the futurein 2020

this eveningnext

Future Simplewill + V.1

will havethe end of this month weBy

all the exams.finished

by this

by the end of Future Perfect

will have + V.3

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the exam .will passhard , youstudyyouIf-1 V1+willthe exam.will pass, shehardstudiessheIf V1+would.the examwould passhard , youstudiedyouIf-2 .3would have + Vthe exam .would have passedhard , youhad studiedyouIf-3

more careful.had beenif hethe accidentwould have avoidedThe driver


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Negation not 1- -:am -isare-was-ere-has-have- hadcancould-will

would-shall-should- mustmay- might

.swimcanHe-.Ex

( Make negative )(can't).swimcan notHe

.playingareThey

(aren't).playingare notThey

2-( )()(doesn'ts .(sfootball .playsAli.Ex

football .doesn't playAli

3-( .(don't)s( .clubto thegoI.Ex

.clubto thedon't goI

(didn't)-4 .lunch.cookedShe.Ex

lunch.didn't cookShe

books.bought someI

books.didnt buy anyI

5-( (alwaysusuallysometimes never( (s

gets up late .alwaysShe.Ex

gets up late .neverShe

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( ( Ask a question

1-: am -isare-was-were-has-have- hadcancould-will-would-shall-should- mustmay- might.

.swimcanHe.Exhe swim?Can

==.in the clubtennisThey are playing

Whereare they playing tennis ?2-( .(s)(s)(does

every summer.Ali travels to London.xEdoes Ali travel to London ?When

3-( .s((do) ==twice a week.go to the clubI.Ex

?go to the clubyouoften doHow

4-(did) .

==

.by planeWe went to London.Ex did you go to London ?How

)( How muchHow manyHow longHow oftenHow farHow oldHow

()Where)When(

)What( ()Why

((Who)Which(()Whose

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: .

:I ))((we( ( you

: (( my( our )your ))


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((Tag Questions()

1- . .., .?arent youYou are a student 2-.,.?are youYou are not Ali,?..Ali is not here ,..is he.-34- . .., ..?isn't..sheHuda is clever

( (Tag QuestionsHuda can swim , can't she?

You can't speak Spanish , can you?

Ali will come soon , won't he ?

He won't travel next summer , will he ?

I am not a doctor , am I ?

He has finished his homework, hasn't he ?

He has a car, doesn't he ?

She's gone to school, hasnt she ?

She's playing tennis, isn't she ?

Mary doesn't know Arabic , does she?Your father went to the mosque ,didn't he?

We don't go to school on Fridays , do we ?

Students go to school on Sunday , don't they?

better)hadI=betterdI'(, hadn't I ?I'd better sleep early

rather)wouldI=ratherdI'), wouldn't I?'d rather go homeI

Let's go shopping ,shall we?

Let us go shopping, will you?

(Open the door ( ,will you?Dont Open the door , will you ?

I am a student , aren't I ?

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Comparison ( Comparative 2 ) & ( Superlative 2 (

as as 2 er 2 est

as fast as faster than the fastest

as big as bigger than the biggest

as heavy as heavier than the heaviest as as more than the most as modern as more modern than themostcommonas common as more common than themostmodern

as beautiful as more beautiful than themost beautiful

as important as more important than themost importantIrregular Adjectives ( comparative & superlative )

Adjective Comparative Superlative Example

good better the best Sara is the best girl at school.

well (healthy) better the best fruit is better than sweets.

bad worse the worst He is the worst driver Ive ever seen.

a little less the least Food is less important than water.

much - many more the most Water is the most important thing in life.

far further the furthest My house is the furthest one.

far farther the farthest My house is fartherthan yours.

old (people in a family) elder the eldest Bader is my elder brother.

old (general use) older the oldest Ali is older than Hamad.

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The Verb ( To be ) The forms of the verb (to be)

be amis - are Was - were been

Base form Pronouns be It can be simple.

Simple Present

I am I am here.

You are You are here.

He/She/It is She is here.

We are We are here.

They are They are here.

Simple Past

I was I was here.

You were You were here.

He/She/It was She was here.

We were We were here.

They were They were here.

Simple Future

I will be I will be here.

You will be You will be here.

He/She/It will be She will be here.

We will be We will be here.

They will be They will be here.

Progressive form being He is being taken to school by bus.Perfect from been It has been done.

The verb ( to be ) in passive Voice: :1-( is( )are. )2-( was( )were. )3-be ))(may- might - will - would - can - could-- mustshall - should(to -

- 4( been)( havehashad)- 5( being )( - amis-arewas-were)

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The Verb ( To have ) ( havehas ) had Iyou- we - they have had had havinghe - she - it has had had having

have - has

Do you have a car? I have a car. I dont have a car.

Do they have a car? They have a car. They dont have a car.

Do we have a car? You have a car. You dont have a car.Do the boys have a car The boys have a car. The boys dont have a car.

Does he have a car? He has a car. He doesnt have a car.

Does she have a car? She has a car. She doesnt have a car.

Does Ali have a car? Ali has a car. Ali doesnt have a car.

have got - has got

Have you got a car? I have got a car. I havent gota car.Have they got a car? They have got a car. They havent got a car.

Have we got a car? You have got a car. You havent got a car.

Have the boys got a car? The boys have got a car. The boys havent got a car.

Has he got a car? He has got a car. He hasnt got a car.

Has she got a car? She has got a car. She hasnt got a car.

Has Ali got a car? Ali has got a car. Ali hasnt got a car.

Have to Do you have to go? I have to go. I dont have to go. .Does he have to go? He has to go He doesnt have to goDid she have to go? She had to go. She didnt have to go.

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VoiceassiveP.

1-(is)(are). 2-(was)(were) . 3-be )( )may- might - will - would - can - could-- mustshall - should(to -

- 4(been)(have has had)- 5(being)(- amis-arewas-were)

. Examples:

1- We keep falcons for hunting.Falcons are keptfor hunting .

2- I write my homework everyday.

My homework is written everyday.

3- Thieves stole a precious painting from the museum.

A precious painting was stolenfrom the museum.

4- The governments prepared our schools very well.

Our schools were preparedvery well.

5- The man will build a big house next year.A big house will be builtnext year.

6- Students should respect teachers.

Teachers should be respected.

7- Huda has finished the exams.

The exams have been finished.

8- We have finished the English exam.

The English exam has been finished.

9- We are studying English now .

English is being studiednow .

10-We are playing many sports in the club.

Many sports are being played in the club.

))has(have: (wasis)(wereare.

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SpeechReported.,

. .:

Examples

Reported

Direct Speech

" I am reading English now. "

Ali said (that) he was reading English then .

he sheI

I- me usyou

" We have won a prize "

They said (that) they had won a prize.

theywe

his - hermy

" I will travel with my father to London."

He saidhe would travel with his father to London.

theirour

wasam is

" I can do my homework alone."

Mary said( that) she could do her homework alone.

wereare

wouldwill

" I will give you this book tomorrow ."

he would give me that book the following day.

couldcan

hadhave has

" Don't speak up here ."

The teacher ordered us ,not to speak up there.

thatthis

therehere

" We visited the zoo yesterday "

They had visited the zoo the day before .

thennow

the day aftertomorrow

" You are having an exam today."

We were having an exam that day.

the day beforeyesterday

that daytoday

" Open the window."

He ordered me to open the window.((toto open) (open

not todont

" Do you speak English?"

He asked meif I spoke English.

Ifdo- does -did

" Where do you live ?"

He asked me where I lived.

had+ V3

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Language Functions

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ApologyI'm sorry

I 'm so sorryI didn't mean it

AgreementI agree with you

You are rightOk.

Good idea

AdviceI advise you to + v

You should + vIt's better

If I were you ,I would PreferenceI prefer to

I like more than

I'd rather.

I'd better.

DisagreementI don't agree

I disagree

I'm not with you

Rubbish

No.

SuggestionLet's + v

How about +v +ing

What about + v +ing

Why don't you

I suggest we + v GratitudeThank youI can't thank you enough.

I'm grateful

ApprovalFantastic!Well done !

Excellent !

Great !

Good !

ObligationYou must + V I have to + v

You have to + V

It is not allowed Prohibition

You mustn't

you can't

It is not allowed

It is prohibited

It is forbidden

DisapprovalHow could you

It is bad

Not good

I don't like it

Opinion In my opinion

I think

As I see

IndifferenceIt makes no difference to me

It doesn't matter

So what?

Who cares?

It is all the same to me

BlameIt is your fault

You are to blame

What have you done

I blame you

You are wrong

GuessingPerhaps

It can be

It could be

Maybe

I think

SurpriseOh !

Really!

I am amazed

I was surprised

from blameReleaseNever mind

Don't worry

It is not your fault

No problem

RequestCan you ... Please?

Could you .please?

Can I .please?

Would you mind +V+ ing

SympathyHow sad /terrible/awful

I was shocked to hear ..

I was so sorry to hear

Poor ( name )

DisbeliefI don't believe that

Nonsense !

Rubbish !

You are joking

You must be dreaming

WarningDon't ..

Never.

Be careful !

Look out !

It is dangerous.


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spellingandAbbreviations

Spelling

Abbreviations

Combine the following.Short formLong formcountriescountry + s =1aren'tare not1

familiesfamily + s =2isn'tis not2

citiescity + s =3weren'twere not3

wiveswife + s =4wasn'twas not4

wolveswolf + s =5don'tdo not5

thievesthief + s =6doesn'tdoes not6goesgo + s =7didn'tdid not7

faxesfax + s =8I'mI am8

watcheswatch + s =9he'she is - he has9

wisheswish + s =10she'sshe isshe has10

glassesglass + s =11I'veI have11

fezzesfez + s =12I'dI hadI would12

lyinglie + ing =13we'rewe are13

tyingtie + ing =14you'reyou are14

dyingdie + ing =15they'rethey are15

livinglive + ing =16can'tcannot16

makingmake + ing =17Sept.September17

travelledtravel + ed =18Dr.Doctor18

swimmingswim + ing =19Let'sLet us19

hottesthot + est =20TVtelevision20

usefuluse + full =21Mr.Mister21

beautifulbeauty + full22Wed.Wednesday22

triedtry + ed =23Thurs.Thursday23

studiedstudy + ed =24)(won'twill not24 (shan'tshall not25((paid (pay +ed =25

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erbVRegularPast

ParticipleSimple pastInfinitiveMeaning

771

5666

Past

Participle

Simple

pastInfinitiveMeaning

lockedlockedlock22admiredadmiredadmire1movedmovedmove23arrivedarrivedarrive2openedopenedopen24beggedbeggedbeg3packedpackedpack25bookedbookedbook4paintedpaintedpaint26chewedchewedchew5playedplayedplay27cleanedcleanedclean6prayedprayedpray28closedclosedclose7promisedpromisedpromise29cooledcooledcool8pulledpulledpull30criedcriedcry9pushedpushedpush31delivereddelivereddeliver10racedracedrace32excitedexcitedexcite11replacedreplacedreplace33finishedfinishedfinish12rushedrushedrush34floodedfloodedflood13scoldedscoldedscold 35foldedfoldedfold14sighedsighedsigh36giggledgiggledgiggle15smiledsmiledsmile37glitteredglitteredglitter16startedstartedstart38heatedheatedheat17travelledtravelledtravel39huntedhuntedhunt18unitedunitedunite 40introducedintroducedintroduce19visitedvisitedvisit41kissedkissedkiss20workedworkedwork42laughedlaughedlaugh21


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VerbsIrregularPast


771

5666

Past


leftleftleave21begunbeganbegin 1lentlentlend22brokenbrokebreak2lostlostlose23builtbuiltbuild3mademademake24boughtboughtbuy4runranrun25caughtcaughtcatch5saidsaidsay26comecamecome 6seensawsee27donediddo7satsatsit28drivendrovedrive8sleptsleptsleep29eatenateeat 9spokenspokespeak30fallenfellfall10stolenstolesteal31foundfoundfind11swumswamswim32flownflewfly12takentooktake 33gotgotget13toldtoldtell34givengavegive14wornworewear35gonewentgo15wonwonwin36heardheardhear16writtenwrotewrite37hithithit17

beenwasam - is38hurthurthurt 18beenwereare39keptkeptkeep19

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wouldwill40knownknewknow20

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