decoding dyslexia parent support group october, 2015
TRANSCRIPT
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Rachna Varia, PhDDirector, Testing and Diagnostics
Interpreting Testing Report
Decoding Dyslexia Parent Support Group
October, 2015
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Importance of Testing at an early stage to Determine Areas of Strengths and
Weaknesses
….but its never too late.
Diagnosis
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What is NP testing? (besides expensive!) A systematic study of major areas of cognitive
functioning Establishes a profile of personal strengths and
weaknesses Allows us to compare a person with his peers Allows us to make inferences about a person’s brain
function Evidence-based practice Weaving the qualitative data with the quantitative
COGNITIVE AREAS:
General intelligence◦ Verbal Comprehension, Nonverbal Reasoning, Visual Spatial
Language◦ Phonological Processing, Rapid Naming, Receptive,
Expressive, Oral Fluency Memory
◦ Working Memory, Visual Memory, Verbal Memory, Phonological Memory
Executive functioning◦ Attention, Visual Motor Integration, Planning, Metacognition,
Problem Solving, Shifting, Processing Speed Emotional and Behavioral functioning
◦ Anxiety, Mood, Copying Skills, Perception of Self, Social Skills, and much more….
Academic areas Reading
◦ Phonemic Decoding Time and Not Timed
◦ Orthographic Decoding◦ Reading Comprehension
Silent and Oral◦ Reading Fluency
Writing◦ Spelling◦ Contextual Conventions◦ Sentence Building◦ Story Construction◦ Writing Fluency
Math◦ Calculation◦ Math Fluency◦ Applied Problems
Reading and Writing Tests MUST, MUST INCLUDE
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Phonological Awareness Rapid Naming Visual Motor Integration
*Rey Complex Figure Phonemic Decoding
TIMED and UNTIMED Letter Word Identification
TIMED and UNTIMED Orthographic Decoding Silent Reading Oral Reading Spelling Single Sentence Story Construction
Rapid Naming: Rapid naming of objects, colors, digits, or letters requires efficient retrieval of phonological information from long-term or permanent memory.
Phonological Memory: An individual’s ability to code information phonologically for temporary storage in working or short-term memory.
Rapid Naming: Rapid naming of objects, colors, digits, or letters requires efficient retrieval of phonological information from long-term or permanent memory.
Phonological Processing
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A visual processing, or perceptual, disorder refers to a hindered ability to make sense of information taken in through the eyes. This is different from problems involving sight or sharpness of vision.
Difficulties with visual processing affect how visual information is interpreted, or processed by the brain.
Visual Processing
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Visual Processing
Visual Discrimina
tion
Visual Sequencin
g
Visual motor
Visual Memory
Definition: Using the sense of sight to notice and compare the features of different items to distinguish one item from another.
Misunderstanding or confusing written symbols (+, x, /, &)
Problems differentiating colors
Problems differentiating similarly shaped letters and numbers
EXAMPLE: b/d; p/q; 6/9; 2/5)
Visual Discrimination
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Definition: The ability to see and distinguish
the order of symbols, words, or images.
Difficulty with gaining information from pictures, charts, or graphs Difficulty recognizing distinct shapes from their background
◦ Objects in a picture◦ Letters on a chalkboard
EXAMPLE Distinguish between an Int. (International) and Imt.
(Internet Media Type) where the only distinguishing feature is the number of humps in the letter.
Visual Sequencing
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Definition: Using feedback from theeyes to coordinate the movement of other parts of the body.
Copying from board or books Accurately identifying information from
pictures, charts, graphs, maps, etc. Difficulty with handwriting Can affect written organization
Visual Motor Processing
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Long-term Visual Memory: The ability to recall something seen some time ago such as remembering directions to a
location. Short-term visual memory: The ability
to remember something seen very recently. For example, becoming easily distracted, especially by competing visual information or finding and retaining important information in reading assignments or tests
Visual Memory
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Auditory Processin
g
Phonological
Awareness
Phonological
Memory
Auditory Memory
Auditory Sequenci
ng
Definition: An individual’s awareness of and access to the sound structure of his or her oral language.
Segment Words
SILK without the /L/ sound is SICK
Blend Words
F – I – N – D makes the word FIND
Phonological Awareness
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Phonological Memory: An individual’s ability to code information phonologically for temporary storage in working or short-term memory.
Rapid Naming: Rapid naming of objects, colors, digits, or letters requires efficient retrieval of phonological information from long-term or permanent memory.
Phonological Processing
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Definition: Ordering and sequencing heard information into meaningful chunks
Months of the Year Counting backwards Multistep Directions Sense of time
Auditory Sequencing
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Long-term Auditory Memory: The ability to recall something heard some time ago such as remembering a lecture or story.
Short-term auditory memory: The ability to remember something heard very recently. For example, following instructions in the given moment.
Auditory Memory
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100
Standard ScoresM = 100SD = 15
The normal distribution
Standard Score (SS)M = 100; SD = 15
Classification
Below 70 Deficit
70-79 Borderline
80-89 Low Average/Below Average
90-109 Average
110-119 High Average/Above Average
120-129 Superior/High
130 and above Very Superior/Very High
Standardized Test Scores
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Scaled Score (ScS)M = 10; SD = 3
Classification
1-3 Deficit
4-5 Borderline
6-7 Low Average/Below Average
8-12 Average
13-14 High Average/Above Average
15-16 Superior
17-19 Very Superior
Scaled Test Scores
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Visual Memory = 121
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100
Verbal IQ: 115Phonological Awareness = 84
Phonemic Decoding = 83
Sight word recognition = 103
Phonemic Decoding Efficiency = 68
Single Sentences = 109Spelling = 79
Reading Comprehension = 90
Contextual Conventions ScS = 7
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100
Nonverbal IQ: 130Orthographic Decoding = 84
Story Construction = 65
Visual Motor Integration = 75
Rapid Naming =85
Reading Comprehension = 119
