wynberg girls high-lynne martin-history-grade8-the industrial revolution1
DESCRIPTION
History of industrial revolution for grade eightTRANSCRIPT
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
Revolution – complete change
Industrial – from home industries to factories
Industry - work
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
How long did it take?
• Ages! From 1750 – 1830’s
not violent lives changed working conditions changed living standards changed
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
What was the new technology?STEAM POWER!
In 1769 James Watt built a steam engine which used coal to produce steam which turned wheels and drove machinery
In 1825, George Stephenson Built
a steam train, called the “Rocket”
because it travelled at
48km ph – a speed
considered dangerous
HOW DOES STEAM POWER WORK ?
Coal boils water & makes steam, steam is forced through pipes, pressure builds,
steam released from pipes turns the wheels & engines on the
machines
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
TRANSPORT REVOLUTION
railways – all over the country
canals – barges transport goods - could transport a lot cheaply - mostly between mines and factories Result = price of coal fell
steamships are much quicker than sailing ships & don’t depend on the weather.
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
RESULTS OF THE TRANSPORT REVOLUTION
• Cheap fast travel
• Trains carry much more than horse & cart
• Fresh food daily = better diet = longer lives
• British goods shipped more quickly – to colonial markets
Result: Britain became the most advanced industrialised country in the world
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
Why does BRITAIN Take the lead?
Britain is an island with a very strong navy – can protect itself plus its trade routes - escaped the wars of Europe.
Britain has lots of raw materials: coal and iron ore
Britain has access to cotton (America and India )
Has ready markets - can sell products to their colonies
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
WHAT OTHER ADVANTAGES DID BRITAIN HAVE?
Industrialists had access to slave labour on the American plantations.
• Slave labour was exploited for profit.
• The factories used people who came to the urban areas in search of work.
• These workers were poorly paid and were also exploited
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
It’s all about the availability of CAPITAL
Capital = money used to start a business or money invested The aim is to make more money.
British industrialists had capital because:
They had investments in the colonies They were plantation ownersMany of the
industrialists acted as bankers and helped to provide money for new factories, machinery and transport
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
WHAT WAS THE NEW WORLD OF WORK LIKE?
• Many people hated the machines
• They felt that they took away their self worth
• Factory hours were long - 14 hrs a day Factory workers had to keep pace with the machines which were very fast
• Injuries were frequent
• There was no compensation for illness or injury – often they just lost their job as well
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
WHY WERE WOMEN AND CHILDREN PREFERRED FOR WORK?
Children were smaller than adults ; they could be paid less; poor families had to send children to work to
make ends meet
Women could be paid less than men and tended to be obedient
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
Some workers
formed trade unions to fight
for better working
conditions
This manifesto calls for a strike
Marches and banners were used to publicise their cause
Workers were influenced by French Revolution & thinkers like Karl Marx – wanted better treatment.
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed
WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF URBANISATION?
Filthy Father Thames - no sanitation or proper sewerage
= diseases like cholera
Narrow crowded streets between tall buildings allow for little air and light.
no jobs + no money + debt = crime + squalid living
conditions
The Industrial Revolution – very creative show made by Mrs Freed