x-ray diffraction imaging of nanoscale materials and biological
TRANSCRIPT
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X-ray Diffraction Imaging of NanoscaleMaterials and Biological Structures
John Miao
Dept. of Physics & Astronomy and California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los Angeles
NSLS-II Coherent X-ray Diffraction Workshop, March 14, 2008
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Coherent Diffraction Microscopy (or Lensless Imaging)
X-rays, electrons or lasers
Speckle Pattern
object
Phase Recovery
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Shannon Sampling vs. Bragg Sampling
FT
Shannon Sampling, 1949
a
1/a
|FT|
a
Bragg Sampling, 1912 1/a
FT-1
FT-1
Sayre, Acta Cryst. 5, 843 (1952).
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Oversampling
|FT|
Indistinguishable
a
a
1/a
Distinguishable
< 1/a
Miao, Sayre & Chapman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 1662 (1998).
Si
Oi
i ff
=σ
zyxi ,,=
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Intensity Integration vs. Exact Oversampling
[ ]⎭⎬⎫
⎩⎨⎧
=−
)/(sinc)()(
1
MxkIFTFTkI M
S
σi = 2 σi = 8
Intensity Integration
Exact Oversampling
Song et al, PRB 75, 012102 (2007).
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Experimental Verification of Exact Oversampling
σi = 2 σi = 18
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Oversampled diffraction pattern froma GaN quantum dot nanoparticle
AFM Image of GaN quantum dots, showing the platelet structures.
The Missing Center Problem
zyxiD
i
ii ,,
21
=−
=σ
η Miao et al., PRL 95, 085503 (2005).
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The Guided Hybrid Input-Output (GHIO) Algorithm
i) Start with 16 independent reconstructions.
ii) For each reconstruciton:
Real Space Reciprocal Space
iii) Calculate the R-value,
iv) Select a seed out of 16 images (ρseed) with the smallest R-value.
v)
FFT
FFT-1
16,,2,1 L=
×=
i
ioldseed
inew ρρρ
∑∑ −= expexp FFFR calα
Chen et al., PRB 76, 064113 (2007).
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Image Reconstruction Using the GHIO Algorithm at 0th Generation
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Image Reconstruction Using the GHIO Algorithm at 8th Generation
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3D Surface Morphology of Nanoparticles
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Revealing 3D GaN-Ga2O3 Core Shell Structure
Miao et al., PRL 97, 215503 (2006).
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Schematic Layout of Resonant X-ray Diffraction Microscopy
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Schematic Layout of Resonant X-ray Diffraction Microscopy
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X-ray Diffraction Patterns of a Bi Doped Si Crystal at E=2.550 and 2.595 keV
E=2.550 keV
E=2.595 keV
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Elemental Mapping of Buried Bi Structure
Song et al., PRL 100, 025504 (2008).
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Hierarchical Structures in Bone
} Collagenfibril
Glimcher (1998) in Metabolic Bone Disease, eds Avioli, Krane (Academic Press, San Diego)
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X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Unmineralized Bone Particles
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X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Low Mineralized Bone Particles
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X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Highly Mineralized Bone Particles
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Dynamic 3D Structure Model of the Mineral Phase in Bone
Jiang et al., PRL 100, 038103 (2008).
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Summary
• Oversampling the diffraction intensities ⇒ the phase information.
• Imaged nanoscale materials and biological structures in 2- and 3-dimensions.
• Resonant X-ray diffraction microscopy for element specific imaging of buried structures.
• Towards 3D structural determination of noncrystalline materials at the near atomic resolution using future brighter X-ray sources such as NSLS-II.
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Collaborators
UCLA, Physics & Astronomy
C. Song, H. Jiang, B.P. Fahimian, E. Lee, J. Zhao, J. Rodriguez, R. Xu, D. Chang,
K. Raines, B. Amirbekian
University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder
M.M. Murnane, H.C. Kapteyn, R.L. Sandberg
RIKEN/Spring-8 T. Ishikawa, Y. Kumara
Colorado State University J.J. Rocca
APS, ANL I. NcNulty, M.D. de Jonge
UCLA, Electric Engineering K. Wang
UC, Davis S. Risbud
LBNL T. Earnest
Academia Sinica, Taiwan C.C. Chen, T.K. Lee
UCLA Medical School R. Sun, Z.H. Shout, P. Li, F. Tamanoi
Harvard Medical School M.J. Glimcher, L. Graham