x2 t01 01 arithmetic of complex numbers (2013)
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Complex Numbers012 x
Solving Quadratics
Complex Numbers012 x
Solving Quadratics
solutionsrealno12 x
Complex Numbers
In order to solve this equation we define a new number
012 xSolving Quadratics
solutionsrealno12 x
Complex Numbers
In order to solve this equation we define a new number
012 xSolving Quadratics
solutionsrealno12 x
numberimaginary an is1or 1 2
i ii
Complex Numbers
In order to solve this equation we define a new number
012 xSolving Quadratics
solutionsrealno12 x
numberimaginary an is1or 1 2
i ii
ixx
x
112
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iy
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iyDefinitions;(1) All complex numbers contain a real and an imaginary part
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iyDefinitions;(1) All complex numbers contain a real and an imaginary part
yz
xz
ImRe
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iyDefinitions;(1) All complex numbers contain a real and an imaginary part
yz
xz
ImRe
izge 53 ..
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iyDefinitions;(1) All complex numbers contain a real and an imaginary part
yz
xz
ImRe
izge 53 .. 3Re z 5Im z
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iyDefinitions;(1) All complex numbers contain a real and an imaginary part
yz
xz
ImRe
izge 53 .. 3Re z 5Im z
(2) If Re(z) = 0, then z is a pure imaginary numberiige 6,3 ..
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iyDefinitions;(1) All complex numbers contain a real and an imaginary part
yz
xz
ImRe
izge 53 .. 3Re z 5Im z
(2) If Re(z) = 0, then z is a pure imaginary numberiige 6,3 ..
(3) If Im(z) = 0, then z is a real number4,,,
43 .. ege
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iyDefinitions;(1) All complex numbers contain a real and an imaginary part
yz
xz
ImRe
izge 53 .. 3Re z 5Im z
(2) If Re(z) = 0, then z is a pure imaginary numberiige 6,3 ..
(3) If Im(z) = 0, then z is a real number4,,,
43 .. ege
(4) Every complex number z = x + iy, has a complex conjugateiyxz
All complex numbers (z) can be written as; z = x + iyDefinitions;(1) All complex numbers contain a real and an imaginary part
yz
xz
ImRe
izge 53 .. 3Re z 5Im z
(2) If Re(z) = 0, then z is a pure imaginary numberiige 6,3 ..
(3) If Im(z) = 0, then z is a real number4,,,
43 .. ege
(4) Every complex number z = x + iy, has a complex conjugateiyxz
izge 72 .. iz 72
Complex Numbersx + iy
Complex Numbersx + iy
Real Numbersy=0
Complex Numbersx + iy
Real Numbersy=00
NumbersImaginary y
Complex Numbersx + iy
Real Numbersy=00
NumbersImaginary y
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
Complex Numbersx + iy
Real Numbersy=00
NumbersImaginary y
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
Fractions Integers
Complex Numbersx + iy
Real Numbersy=00
NumbersImaginary y
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
Fractions IntegersNaturals
Zero
Complex Numbersx + iy
Real Numbersy=00
NumbersImaginary y
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
Fractions IntegersNaturals
Zero
Negatives
Complex Numbersx + iy
Real Numbersy=00
NumbersImaginary y
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
Fractions IntegersNaturals
Zero
Negatives
0,0NumbersImaginary
Pure
yx
Complex Numbersx + iy
Real Numbersy=00
NumbersImaginary y
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
Fractions IntegersNaturals
Zero
Negatives
0,0NumbersImaginary
Pure
yx
NOTE: Imaginary numbers cannot be ordered
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surds
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surdsAddition
ii 2834 i 4
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surdsAddition
ii 2834 i 4
Subtraction ii 2834
i512
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surdsAddition
ii 2834 i 4
Subtraction ii 2834
i512
Multiplication ii 2834
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surdsAddition
ii 2834 i 4
Subtraction ii 2834
i512
Multiplication ii 2834
2624832 iii
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surdsAddition
ii 2834 i 4
Subtraction ii 2834
i512
Multiplication ii 2834
2624832 iii 63232 i
i3226
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surdsAddition
ii 2834 i 4
Subtraction ii 2834
i512
Multiplication ii 2834
2624832 iii 63232 i
i3226
Division (Realising The Denominator)
i
i28
34
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surdsAddition
ii 2834 i 4
Subtraction ii 2834
i512
Multiplication ii 2834
2624832 iii 63232 i
i3226
Division (Realising The Denominator)
i
i28
34
ii
2828
464624832
ii
Basic OperationsAs i a surd, the operations with complex numbers are the same as surdsAddition
ii 2834 i 4
Subtraction ii 2834
i512
Multiplication ii 2834
2624832 iii 63232 i
i3226
Division (Realising The Denominator)
i
i28
34
ii
2828
464624832
ii
i
i
348
3419
681638
Conjugate Basics 1 2 1 21 z z z z
Conjugate Basics 1 2 1 21 z z z z
1 2 1 22 z z z z
1 1
2 2
3 z zz z
Conjugate Basics 2 24 zz x y 1 2 1 21 z z z z
1 2 1 22 z z z z
1 1
2 2
3 z zz z
Conjugate Basics 2 24 zz x y 1 2 1 21 z z z z
1 2 1 22 z z z z
1 1
2 2
3 z zz z
15 zz zz
Conjugate Basics 2 24 zz x y 1 2 1 21 z z z z
1 2 1 22 z z z z
1 1
2 2
3 z zz z
15 zz zz
1e.g.
4 3i
Conjugate Basics 2 24 zz x y 1 2 1 21 z z z z
1 2 1 22 z z z z
1 1
2 2
3 z zz z
15 zz zz
1e.g.
4 3i4 316 9
i
4 325 25
i
Complex EquationsIf two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal
ibaibaei 2211If ..
21
21
then
bbaa
Complex EquationsIf two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal
ibaibaei 2211If ..
21
21
then
bbaa
Complex EquationsIf two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal
ibaibaei 2211If ..
. . (i) 2 3 4 2e g i x iy i
21
21
then
bbaa
Complex EquationsIf two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal
ibaibaei 2211If ..
. . (i) 2 3 4 2e g i x iy i
21
21
then
bbaa
2 2 3 3 4 2x iy ix y i
Complex EquationsIf two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal
ibaibaei 2211If ..
. . (i) 2 3 4 2e g i x iy i
21
21
then
bbaa
2 2 3 3 4 2x iy ix y i 2 3 4 and 3 2 2x y x y
Complex EquationsIf two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal
ibaibaei 2211If ..
. . (i) 2 3 4 2e g i x iy i
21
21
then
bbaa
2 2 3 3 4 2x iy ix y i 2 3 4 and 3 2 2x y x y
4 6 8 9 6 6
x yx y
Complex EquationsIf two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal
ibaibaei 2211If ..
. . (i) 2 3 4 2e g i x iy i
21
21
then
bbaa
2 2 3 3 4 2x iy ix y i 2 3 4 and 3 2 2x y x y
4 6 8 9 6 6
x yx y
5 1414 5
x
x
Complex EquationsIf two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal
ibaibaei 2211If ..
. . (i) 2 3 4 2e g i x iy i
21
21
then
bbaa
2 2 3 3 4 2x iy ix y i 2 3 4 and 3 2 2x y x y
4 6 8 9 6 6
x yx y
5 1414 5
x
x
14 16 , 5 5
x y
iiwziiwz ii
432 342
iiwziiwz ii
432 342
iiwziiwz
8624342
iiwziiwz ii
432 342
iiwziiwz
8624342
iz
iz
35
32
52 3
iiwziiwz ii
432 342
iiwziiwz
8624342
iz
iz
35
32
52 3
iiwi 34235
32
iiw34
3102
i
iw
35
32
64
610
iiwziiwz ii
432 342
iiwziiwz
8624342
iz
iz
35
32
52 3
iiwi 34235
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iiw34
3102
i
iw
35
32
64
610
iziw35
32 ,
35
32
Cambridge: Exercise 1A; 1 to 10 ace etc, 11bd, 13 to 20
Patel: Exercise 4A; 28 ac