xb1 analog devices
TRANSCRIPT
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John S. Sobtzak, Elie G.Tianang, Varun Joshi, Breana M. Branham, Neeti P. Sonth, Michael DeLuca, Travis Moyer, Kyle Wislinsky, and Dr. Scott E. Palo
College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Colorado at Boulder
A Deep Space Radio Communications Link for Cubesats: The CU-E3 Communication Subsystem
The CU-E3 Solution CU's Earth Escape Explorer (CU-E3)
The University of Colorado's - Earth Escape Explorer (CU-E3) is a 6U cubesat being designed and built to compete in NASA's Cube Quest Challenge - Deep Space Derby. CU-E3 will be attempting communication from ≥ 4,000,000 km, requiring us to “escape” the influence of the “Earth” and “explore” deep space.
NASA’s Cube Quest Challenge
o The Cube Quest Challenge has two phases:
1. Ground Tournaments (GT-1 thru GT-4)†: - Maximum of $100,000 for any one team. - Phase completed in June 2017.
2. The "In-space Prizes": - 365-day competition period.
a) Lunar Derby • Up to $3 million in prizes. • Technical objectives in propulsion &
communications.
b) Deep Space Derby • Up to $1.5 million in prizes. • Focus on deep space communications
using small spacecraft. • Competition starts at 4,000,000 km:
i. Best Burst Data Rate - $250,000 ii. Largest Aggregate Data - $750,000 iii. Spacecraft Longevity - $250,000 iv. Farthest Communication - $250,000
† CU-E3 placed 2nd during the Ground Tournament phase, earning $80,000, and has been offered a position on the SLS’s EM-1 mission!!!
Challenges Faced by CU-E3
o Size – restricted to 6U dimensions. • Limits power generation and heat dissipation. • Limits transmitter power. • Limits use of classic high-gain antennas.
→ Limits possible radiated signal strength (EIRP)!
o Limited time & money! • GTs’ schedule very short & tight. • Rad-hardened parts too expensive.
→ Could not design everything from scratch. → Use COTS components as much as possible. → Prototype circuits quickly for P.O.C & testing.
o Distance – extremely long range. → EVERY dB COUNTS!!!
The Challenge!
Reflectarray & Horn Antennas
o CU-E3 utilizes a novel, student-designed, reflectarray antenna and feed horn.
• Planar design → fits 6U cubesat form factor. • Utilizes standard PCB microstrip technology.
→ easy and relatively inexpensive to fabricate. • High gain → 22.3 dB at X-band Tx frequency.
o CU-E3’s design includes a second feed horn antenna.
• Provides back-up communication link in the event primary reflectarray antenna does not deploy.
• Lower gain → 12.8 dB, but can still close link.
High-Rate CubeSat Communication System (HRCCS)‡
o CU-E3 will provide the maiden launch for the HRCCS.
• Designed for deep space X-band frequencies. • Provides a flexible communications platform. • Compatible with NASA’s NEN & DSN.
Downlink Budget Analysis Summary
Key Notes
SSC17-P1-07
TX ANTENNA-
Reflect
Array
Feed
Horn
Reflect
Array
Feed
Horn
Reflect
Array
Feed
Horn
SLANT RANGE km
TRANSMITTED EIRP dBm 56.6 47.1 56.6 47.1 56.6 47.1
TOTAL SIGNAL POWER @ OUTPUT OF LNB (S) dBm -82.4 -91.9 -85.9 -95.4 -99.0 -108.5
NOISE POWER DENSITY OF RX @ OUTPUT OF LNB (No) dBm/Hz -123.0 -123.0 -123.0 -123.0 -123.0 -123.0
NOISE POWER OF RX (N) dBm -94.3 -103.8 -97.9 -107.4 -111.0 -112.2
USEFUL BIT RATE bits/s 608 68 270 30 13 1
ENERGY PER BIT (Eb) W/bit -110.3 -110.2 -110.3 -110.2 -110.1 -108.5
Received SNR (@ OUTPUT OF LNB) dB 11.9 11.9 11.9 12.0 12.0 3.7
Resulting Eb/No dB 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.8 14.5
Link Margin dB 6.10 6.12 6.11 6.15 6.22 7.86
4,000,000 6,000,000 27,000,000
‡Palo, S.E., “High Rate Communications for CubeSats”, Proc. of the IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Phoenix, AZ, 2015.
‡ Palo, S.E., D. O’Connor, E. DeVito, R. Kohnert, G. Crum and S. Altunc, “Expanding CubeSat Capabilities with a Low Cost Transceiver”, Proc. of the AIAA Small Satellite Conference, Logan, UT, 2014.
XB1
I
LR
LO
XB1 CDH Tx_HRCCS_FPGA
RS422
EIRP
+56.6 dBm
C-BAND UPLINK
5182 MHz
Rx_IF_BPFLark Engineering
LO = 4770 MHz
+35.5 dBm
PLL
Rx_OCXOTaitien
XO-0087_TT
100 MHz
Rx_PCB
CDH/FSW
ADCS
EPS
Rx_COAX_2IF = 450 MHz
LF
X-BAND DOWNLINK
8447.6 MHz
Tx_PA_PCB
RF = 5210 MHzRx_COAX_1
Rx_MixerMini-Circuits
SIM-73L+
Rx_LNAPasternack
PE15A1010
NF dB
Gain dB
Rx_C-Band_PatchGain dBi
Rx_PLL_VCOAnalog Devices
HMC833LP6GE
– MHz
Rx_VCO_AmpAnalog Devics
HMC3587
Rx_COAX_3 Rx_COAX_4
Tx_PAAnalog Devices
HMC7357LP5GE
P1dB dBm
PAE
Tx_SWDow-Key Microwave
401T-420832
RL dB
IL dB
Tx_PA_VRLinear Technologies
LT8610AC
η A
Tx_COAX_2IL dB
8.0 V
8.9 V
Vgg
Bias
Controller
Tx_HRCCS_PCB
Voltage
Regulator
Processor/
FPGA
RF = 8447.6 MHz
L
R
I
Rx_UHFAstronautical
Development
Lithium - 2
Quad
Modulator
Tx_COAX_1
HRCCS
CU/NASA/LASP
Tx_Hybrid_1Anaren
1E0018-3
RL dB
IL dB
+35.1 dBm
Tx_COAX_3IL dB
Tx_COAX_4IL dB
Tx_Hybrid_2Anaren
1E0018-3
RL dB
IL dB
Tx_Feed_HornGain = 12.8 dBi
Tx_Reflect_ArrayGain = 22.3 dBi
Tx_COAX_5IL dB
Tx_COAX_6IL dB
Tx_COAX_7IL dB
Tx_COAX_8IL dB
+34.5 dBm
+34.5 dBm
EIRP
+47.1 dBm
XB1 CDH Rx_PLL_VCO
SPI
XB1 CDH Rx_UHF
RS422