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XI

Commerce & Science

Information technology

Practical No. 1

Identification of Computer components & understanding Lab set up

1) Computer

A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and

automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operation.

The basic components of a computer are –

Input Unit

This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into

computer. This unit makes link between user and computer. The input

devices translate the information into the form understandable by computer.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of

data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results and

instructions (program). It controls the operation of all parts of computer.

CPU itself has following three components

1) ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

2) Memory Unit

3) Control Unit

Output Unit

Output unit consists of devices with the help of which we get the

information from computer. This unit is a link between computer and users.

Output devices translate the computer's output into the form understandable

by users.

2) Components of computer

Computer system consists of hardware and software. A combination of

hardware and software forms a usable computing system.

.Computer hardware (usually simply called hardware when

a computing context is implicit) is the collection of physical elements that

constitutes a computer system.

Computer Software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs

a computer's processor to perform specific operations.

Computer hardware

a. Mother board

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A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as

the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board) is the

main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable

systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system,

such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides

connectors for other peripherals.

b. RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a form of computer data storage. A

random-access memory device allows data items to be read and written in

approximately the same amount of time regardless of the order in which

data items are accessed.

c. Cables

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A cable comprises two or more wires running side by side and bonded,

twisted, or braided together to form a single assembly, the ends of which

can be connected to two devices, enabling the transfer of signals from one

device to the other.

d. ROM

Read-only memory (ROM) is a class of storage medium used

in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM can only be

modified slowly, with difficulty, or not at all, so it is mainly used to

distribute firmware (software that is very closely tied to specific hardware,

and unlikely to need frequent updates).

e. Processor

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A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the

basic instructions that drives a computer.

The term processor has generally replaced the term central processing unit

(CPU). The processor in a personal computer or embedded in small devices

is often called a microprocessor.

Computer software – Software is often divided into two categories

1) System Software – System Software has direct control and access to

your computer hardware, and memory locations.

2) Application Software – Application Software runs under System

Software, and are made to do a specific task, which have indirect

access to the hardware.

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Practical No. 2

Exercise on Microsoft Windows, Start Menus and Accessories

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a meta family

of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.

Windows is a personal computer operating system that, together with some

commonly used business applications such as Microsoft Word and Excel, has

become a "standard" for individual users in most corporations as well as in most

homes.

It consists of several families of operating systems.

The Desktop Environment

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The desktop environment is made up of several parts including:

Desktop Icons

The Task Bar

The Clock

The Start Button

The Start Button

The start button is located on the lower left hand corner of your screen – on the

taskbar.

It’s used to access all of the programs on the computer so you can ―start‖ them.

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Microsoft Paint

Microsoft Paint allows you to produce your own pictures or edit existing ones.

To run Microsoft Paint independently:

i. Open the Windows Start menu, select Programs then Accessories and finally

Paint

ii. [Maximize] the window so that the Paint window fills the screen Your

screen should now appear as below:

The white area on the screen is your painting canvas, below this is a palette of

28 colors, while to the left is a toolbox.

Menus

Four of the Paint menus - File, Edit, View and Help—are common to almost all

Windows programs. Some of the commands available, though, are specific to

this program.

Menus that are special to Windows Paint are Image and Colors.

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The toolbox

All the little grey boxes down the left are called the tools and together they

make the toolbox.

Under the toolbox is a small area where you see different options according to

which tool you're using.

Paste Options

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In this picture, with the selection tool active, you have a choice between paste

opaque and paste transparent (selected, as you can tell by the dark

background).

When you have white as your background color—the color selected by the

right mouse button—and have chosen paste transparent, anything you select

from a picture with a white background can be pasted without a rectangle of

white surrounding it.

Practical No. 3

MS-Word 2007

Introduction –

Microsoft (MS) Word 2007 is one of the most popular and important programs

in the Microsoft Office package which is used to create, edit and print

professional looking documents like letters, papers, reports, memos,

newsletters, booklets and manuals.

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The Microsoft Office Button

In the upper-left corner of the Word 2007 window is the Microsoft Office

button. When you click the button, a menu appears. We can use the menu to

create a new file, open an existing file, save a file, and perform many other

tasks.

The Quick Access Toolbar

Next to the Microsoft Office button is the Quick Access toolbar. The Quick

Access toolbar provides you with access to commands you frequently use. By

default Save, Undo, and Redo appear on the Quick Access toolbar.

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The Ribbon

We use commands to tell Microsoft Word what to do. In Microsoft Word 2007,

we use the Ribbon to issue commands. The Ribbon is located near the top of the

screen, below the Quick Access toolbar. At the top of the Ribbon are several

tabs; clicking a tab displays several related command groups.

Within each group are related command buttons. We click buttons to issue

commands or to access menus and dialog boxes. We may also find a dialog box

launcher in the bottom-right corner of a group. Clicking the dialog box launcher

gives you access to additional commands via a dialog box.

The Text Area

We type our document in the text area. The blinking vertical line in the upper-

left corner of the text area is the cursor. It marks the insertion point. As you

type, our text displays at the cursor location. The horizontal line next to the

cursor marks the end of the document.

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The Ruler

The ruler is found below the Ribbon.

We can use the ruler to change the format of your document quickly. If our

ruler is not visible, follow the steps listed here:

1. Click the View tab to choose it.

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2. Click the check box next to Ruler in the Show/Hide group. The ruler appears

below the Ribbon.

The Vertical and Horizontal and Vertical Scroll Bars

The vertical and horizontal scroll bars enable us to move up, down, and across

your window simply by dragging the icon located on the scroll bar.

The vertical scroll bar is located along the right side of the screen. The

horizontal scroll bar is located just above the status bar.

To move up and down your document, click and drag the vertical scroll bar up

and down.

To move back and forth across your document, click and drag the horizontal

scroll bar back and forth. You won't see a horizontal scroll bar if the width of

your document fits on your screen.

The Status Bar

The Status bar appears at the very bottom of your window and provides such

information as the current page and the number of words in your document.

We can change what displays on the Status bar by right-clicking on the Status

bar and selecting the options you want from the Customize Status Bar menu.

We click a menu item to select it.

We click it again to deselect it. A check mark next to an item means it is

selected.

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Page Layout

Page layout is the term used to describe how each page of your document will

appear when it is printed. In Word, page layout includes elements such as the

margins, the number of columns, how headers and footers appear.

Header and Footer

A header or footer is text or graphics that is usually printed at the top or bottom

of every page in a document. A header is printed in the top margin; footer is

printed in the bottom margin.

Headers and footers can be as simple as the document title and a page number,

but you can create headers and footers that contain graphics, multiple

paragraphs, and fields.

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Practical No. 4

Mail Merge

Introduction –

It is used to send a document to many customers on his different address and

also use to create labels from entities in a data source.

Steps to start mail merge –

1) Mailing tabs Start Mail Merge Group Start Mail Merge Letters

2) This option has sub options – Form Letters, Mailing labels, Envelops.

3) Select the appropriate option.

4) Create the data source –

Mailing tabs Select Recipients Type New List

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Then click OK and Save it.

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5) Choose Insert merge field option.

6) Type the content of letter.

7) Click on preview result.

8) Click on Finish & Merge –

Mailing tabs Finish & Merge Edit Individual Documents

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Then click on OK.

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Practical no. 5

Create a table using ms-excel for calculate net earnings

(using maths functions)

Question:

Create table with Employee name, grade and basic pay.

Add 5 additional Columns HRA, DA, PF, LIC and Net Earnings.

Calculate HRA(10% of BASIC),DA(additional 1000/-), PF(10% of

BASIC),LIC(AMOUNT 1000/- as compulsory saving towards LIC).

Calculate Total Net earnings.

Find Sum, Average, maximum and minimum of net earnings.

Solution:

Excel:

Excel is a spreadsheet program. A spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns that

helps organize, summarize, and calculate data.

Ribbon:

The Ribbon has seven Tabs that give instructions to the software. The Ribbon

Tabs begin with Home and continue with Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data,

Review, and View.

Fill Handle:

Click and drag with this cursor to fill cell contents into cells below or to the right.

Step for Solution:

1) Type data in A,B and C columns respectively

2) Type calculate HRA Type formula in Cell ->=C2*10/100-> Drag formula

in all cells

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3) Add 1000 in DA column.

4) TO calculate PF type formula in cell->=C2*10/100->formula in all cells

5) Add 1000 in LIC column.

6) To calculate Net Earnings-> =(C2+D2+E2)-(F2+G2)

7) Calculate total net earnings->=sum(cell range)

8) Calculate total net earnings->=sum(cell range)

9) Calculate average earning->=Avg (cell range)

10) Calculate maximum earnings->=max(cell range)

11) Calculate minimum earnings->=min(cell range)

12) Save the worksheet as emp.xlsx

Output:

Create chart by selecting appropriate data :

Click on Insert -> Column chart

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HIGHLIGHT CELLS

1. Select the cells to which we want to apply highlight

2. Click on Home-> ―Conditional formatting‖->Hightlight cells Rules-

>Greater than

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

MI M2 M3 D1 D2

AMIT SUMEET PAYAL AKASH KAJAL

BASIC PAY

BASIC PAY

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3. Write the required value and click on OK.

SORTING :

1.Select the cell on which we want to apply sorting

2. Click on Home-> ―sort & filter ‖->Sort largest to smallest

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3.Click on ―OK‖.

IF CONDITION :

1.On ―Formulas‖ tab->Logical->if

2. Type the condition in first textbox and the required output in 2rd and 3rd

box based on condition

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FYJC SCIECNE (2nd semester)

Practical 6

Creation of a website

Create a Website of 3 pages in which each web page is interlinked. Select

appropriate theme (like Hotel Profile, Company Profile etc.) and create web pages

as follows. The first page of the website has a background image related to the

theme. An introduction to the theme has highest level heading and 4 physical tags

.It has two hyperlinks. The color of the hyperlink should be other than default

color. The second page has An ordered list with 5 items. A link to an e-mail

address. The second page should be connected to the first page through an image

icon (image hyperlink) and to the third page through text link. Third web page will

contain table which will contain the details of course details.

Index.html

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>INDEX PAGE</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY background="C:\Program Files\Movie Maker\Shared\Sample2.jpg">

<CENTER><B><U><I><FONT size=7>Nirmala Memorial Foundation College

Of Commerce

And Science</font></i></u></b></center>

<HR size=7 color="black">

<a href="http:\\www.nirmala.edu.in">

<IMG src="C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents\My Pictures\Sample

Pictures\Winter.jpg" height=100 width=100 alt="college profile" align="left"></a>

<PRE>

90 Feet Road

Thakur Complex

Kandivali(E)

Mumbai-400 001

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</PRE>

<HR size=7 color="black">

<P ALIGN="RIGHT">

<a href="page2.html">Goto page2</a><br>

<a href="page3.html">Goto page3</a></p>

</body>

</html>

Output:

Page2.html

<html>

<head><title>Order list</title></head>

<body bgcolor=‖pink‖>

<h1>Courses</h1>

<ol>

<li>FYJC sci</li>

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<li> SYJC sci </li>

<li> FYJC com </li>

<li>SYJC com</li>

</li>

</ol>

<p align=‖right‖><a href=‖page3.html‖>page3</p></a>

</body>

</html>

Output:

Page3. Html

<!-- Program to create a web site-->

<HTML>

<HEAD>

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<TITLE>FIRST PAGE</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY background="C:\Documents and Settings\All

Users\Documents\My Pictures\Sample

Pictures\Winter.jpg" text="white" link="white">

<p align="center">

<B><U>FOLLOWING COURSES ARE AVAILABLE

IN THE COLLEGE</B></U></P>

<HR size=5 color="red">

<TABLE border=5 width="50%" align="center">

<tr>

<th rowspan=2> SR. No. </th>

<th colspan=2> DEPARTMENT </th>

</tr>

<tr>

<th> COURSES </th>

<th> SEATS</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>1</td>

<td> FYJC(SCI) </TD>

<td>300</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>2</td>

<td>FYJC(COM)</td>

<td>300</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>3</td>

<td>B.Sc(I.T.)</td>

<td> 100</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>4</td>

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<td>B.Com</td>

<td>100</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>5</td>

<td>M.Sc.(I.T.)</td>

<td>50</td>

</tr>

</table>

<hr size=5 color="red">

<br><br><br><br><br>

<p>

<a href="mailto:principal@gmail.com">

If you want more information click here to mail

</a></p>

<p align="right">

<a href="index.html">Goto Index page</a>

<br>

<a href="page3.html">Goto last page</a><br>

</p>

</body>

</html>

Output:

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JAVASCRIPT

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Practical No. 7 Write a program in JavaScript to accept year from user and check whether it is leap or not.

CODING :

<html>

<head>

<title> LEAP YEAR</title>

</head>

<body>

<script language="JavaScript">

var yr

yr=prompt("Enter year")

if(yr%4==0)

document.write(yr + " is a Leap year")

else

document.write(yr + " is not a Leap year")

</script>

</body>

</html>

OUTPUT :

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Practical No. 8

Write a program in JavaScript to accept two numbers and check which is greater.

CODING:

<html>

<head>

<title> GREATER</title>

</head>

<body>

<script language="javascript">

var x,y

x=prompt("Enter value of a")

y=prompt("Enter value of b")

a=parseInt(x)

b=parseInt(y)

if(a>b)

document.write(a + " is greater")

else

document.write(b + " is greater")

</script>

</body>

</html>

OUTPUT :

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Practical No. 9

Write a program in javascript for swapping two numbers.

CODING :

<html>

<head>

<title> SWAP</title>

</head>

<body>

<script language="javascript">

var x=10,y=15

document.write("Before swapping :<br>")

document.write("&nbsp; Value of x : " +x+"<br>")

document.write("&nbsp; Value of y : " +y+"<br>")

t=x

x=y

y=t

document.write("After swapping :\n")

document.write("&nbsp; Value of x : " +x+"<br>")

document.write("&nbsp; Value of y : " +y+"<br>")

</script>

</body>

</html>

OUTPUT :

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Practical No. 10

Write a program in JavaScript to display table of 5.

<html>

<head>

<title> Table</title>

</head>

<body>

<script language="javascript">

var x=5

for(i=1;i<=10;i++)

{

document.write(x + " x " + i + " = " + x*i +"<br>")

}

</script>

</body>

</html>

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