xiii - the journal of experimental biology · effect on limulus cardiac ganglion (groome and...

XIII

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Abdomen:Posture of, during flight steering in locusts

(BAADER) 151, 109

Abdominal ganglion:Of the cockroach, oscillations of glial

membrane potential (SCHOFIELD) 148,335

Abdominal posture:Control of, in a crayfish (TOGA, TAKAHATA

AND HIS ADA) 148, 477Control of, in the crayfish (MURCHISON AND

LARIMER) 150, 269

Absorption:Of water vapour, by isopods (WRIGHT AND

MACHIN) 154, 13

Acanthephyra acutifrons:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND

CHILDRESS) 152, 167

Acanthephyra curtirostris:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND

CHILDRESS) 152, 167

Acanthephyra smithi:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND

CHILDRESS) 152, 167

Acceleration:In trout and pike (HARPER AND BLAKE) 150,

321Accelerometry:

Used to measure fast-starts in trout andpike (HARPER AND BLAKE) 150, 321

Acclimation:To temperature, effect on fish heart

muscle (BAILEY AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239

To temperature, effect on carp nerve(HARPER, WATT, HANCOCK AND

MACDONALD) 154, 305

Acetazolamide:Effect on sodium uptake by crab gill

(BURNETT AND TOWLE) 149, 293

Acetylcholine:Effect on mollusc proboscis muscle

(BROOKS, HUDDART, LENNARD AND HILL)

149, 379Receptor in a cockroach motor neurone

(DAVID AND SATTELLE) 151, 21

Role in the control of perfusion of frogskin (MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425

Role in the C3 neurone of Helix (BEWICK,COTTRELL AND PRICE) 148, 201

Sensitivity of axotomized leech neurones(BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151, 423

Acetylcholine channel:In Ascaris suum (PENNINGTON AND MARTIN)

154, 201Acid:

Effect on Oreochromis mossambicus (VANWAARDE, VAN DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART,

VERHAGEN, ERKELENS, WENDELAAR

BONGA, ADDINK AND LUGTENBURG) 154 ,

223Acidification:

Of expired water in the trout (LIN ANDRANDALL) 149, 149

Acidosis:Ventilatory responses of trout (AOTA,

HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)

151, 57Acid-base balance:

In mantle of Anodonta cygnea (MACHADO,FERREIRA, FERREIRA AND FERNANDES) 1 5 0 ,159

In moulting crayfish (WHEATLY ANDIGNASZEWSKI) 151, 469

Acid-base status:Of an aestivating land snail (REES AND

HAND) 152, 77

Of trout red cells (WOOD, WALSH, THOMAS

AND PERRY) 154, 491

Acrididae:Evaporative cooling in grasshoppers

(PRANGE) 154, 463

Active transport:Across Manduca sexta midgut (DOW AND

O'DONNELL) 150, 247

Activity:Effect on crustacean synapse development

(ATWOOD AND GOVIND) 153, 105

Acute zones:In the crab visual system (ZEIL) 152, 573

Adhesive organ:Of an aphid (DIXON, CROGHAN AND

GOWING) 152, 243

Adrenaline:Effect on trout respiration (AOTA,


151, 57Adrenergic response:

Of trout erythrocytes (COSSINS AND KILBEY)148, 303

Adrenergic stimulation:Of trout red cells (NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN

AND PAAJASTE) 154, 257

XIV Index of Subjects

Adrenoceptors:In the skin of the bullfrog (MALVIN AND

RIEDEL) 152, 425

Aerodynamics:Of bumblebee flight (DUDLEY AND

ELLINGTON) 148, 53

Of gliding flight in a hawk (TUCKER ANDHEINE) 149, 469

Aestivation:In a land snail (BROOKS AND STOREY) 151,

193In a land snail (REES AND HAND) 152, 77In a snail (WHITWAM AND STOREY) 154, 321

Age:Effect on crustacean synapse development


Agrin:Synthesis and transport (MAGILL-SOLC AND

MCMAHAN) 153, 1

Airflow:In the lungs of a chicken (BRACKENBURY

AND AMAKU)152, 93

Air-sac gas:Composition of, in penguins (JOHANNESEN

AND NICOL) 154, 397

Alanine:Metabolism of, in trout red cells (WALSH,

WOOD, THOMAS AND PERRY) 154, 475

Alkalization:By Manduca sexta midgut (DOW AND

O'DONNELL) 150, 247

Of eel intestine (ANDO AND SUBRAMANYAM)

150, 381Of the midgut lumen in Manduca sexta

(CHAMBERLIN) 150, 467

Amiloride:Effect on sodium uptake by crab gill

(BURNETT AND TOWLE) 149, 293Amines:

Effect on Limulus cardiac ganglion(GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313

Amino acid:Accumulation in embryonic skate heart

(GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 150, 449In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,

295Transport by starfish pyloric caeca

(AHEARN) 150, 453

Transport of, by insect midgut (SACCHI,GIORDANA, CAMPANINI, BONFANTI AND

HANOZET) 149, 207

Transport of, in hagfish red cells(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,355

Ammonia:Excretion of, in a teleost adapted to an

extremely alkaline environment(WRIGHT, PERRY, RANDALL, WOOD ANDBERGMAN) 1 5 1 , 361

Excretion of, in trout (LIN AND RANDALL)149, 149

Amphibian:Breathing in Rana pipiens (VITALIS AND

SHELTON) 154, 537

Rana catesbeiana, cutaneous gas exchange(PINDER AND FEDER) 154, 67

Anaesthesia:Intranasal, effect on homing pigeons

(DORNFELDT AND BILO) 149, 95

Analytical electron microscope:Used to study iron-rich teeth in

butterfiyfish (SPARKS, MOTTA, SHELLIS,

WADE AND MANN) 151, 371

Anguilla japonica:Intestinal transport of bicarbonate (ANDO

AND SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381

Transport of glucose by erythrocytes (TSEAND YOUNG) 148, 367

Transport of water and ions across theintestine (ANDO) 150, 367

Anodonta cygnea:Acid-base balance in mantle (MACHADO,

FERREIRA, FERREIRA AND FERNANDES) 150 ,159

Anolis carolinensis:Nodal membrane currents (BENOIT) 151,

405Anoxia:

Effect on metabolism of a land snail(BROOKS AND STOREY) 151, 193

Effect on pyruvate kinase in a snail(WHITWAM AND STOREY) 154, 321

In crucian carp (NILSSON) 150, 295Ant:

Camponotus detritus, discontinuousventilation (LIGHTON) 151, 71

Antarctic fish:Ultrastructure of aerobic muscle

(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205

Anterior pagoda cell:Effect of axotomy on acetylcholine

sensitivity (BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151,

423Aphid:

Mechanism of adhesion (DIXON, CROGHANAND GOWING) 152, 243

Aphis fabae:Mechanism of adhesion (DIXON, CROGHAN

AND GOWING) 152, 243

Index of Subjects xv

Apis mellifera:Responses of motion-sensitive

interneurones (IBBOTSON AND GOODMAN)

148, 255Apis mellifera ligustica:

A temperature-induced ventilation switch(LIGHTON AND LOVEGROVE) 154, 509

Aplysia californica:Synaptogenesis in culture (KLEINFELD,

PARSONS, RACCU1A-BEHL1NG, SALZBERG

AND OBAID) 154, 237

Apnoea:In hibernating bats (THOMAS, CLOUTIER AND

GAGNE) 149, 395

Appendage:Loss of, effect on moulting in firebrats

(BUCK AND EDWARDS) 151, 341

Armadillidium vulgare:Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT AND

MACHIN) 154, 13

Stretch receptor organs (NIIDA, SADAKANEAND YAMAGUCHl) 149 , 515

Arousal:From hibernation and torpor in mammals

(GEISER AND BAUDINETTE) 151, 349

Artemia salina:Branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity

(HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279

Ascaris suum:Acetylcholine-activated ion channels

(PENNINGTON AND MARTIN) 1 5 4 , 2 0 1Aspartate:

In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,295

ATPase:Activity in heart muscle (MCKEAN) 149, 499

• Avoidance:Of luminescent flashes by a crab (GROBER)

148, 415, 427Axonal guidance:

In the development of the retinotectalsystem (MULLER, STAHL AND

BONHOEFFER) 153, 29

Axotomy:Effect on acetylcholine sensitivity in leech

neurones (BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151,

423Regeneration after (AGUAYO, BRAY,

RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER, CARTER AND

VIDAL-SANZ) 153, 199

Backbone:Mechanics of, in the blue marlin

(HEBRANK, HEBRANK, LONG, BLOCK ANDWAINWRIGHT) 148, 449

Backward walking:In a crayfish (BEALL, LANGLEY AND

EDWARDS) 152, 577

Balanus nubilus:Projection interneurones (GWILLIAM AND

STUART) 151, 83

Barnacle:Force maintenance in striated muscle

(iWAMOTO, MURAOKA, GOTO AND SUGl)148, 281

Projection interneurones (GWILLIAM ANDSTUART) 151, 83

Basking:In butterflies (HEINRICH) 154, 31

Bat:Arrhythmic breathing during hibernation

(THOMAS, CLOUTIER AND GAGNE) 149, 395

Intermittent gliding flight (THOMAS, JONES,RAYNER AND HUGHES) 149, 407

Resting ventilation rate (HAYS, WEBB,FRENCH AND SPEAKMAN) 1 5 0 , 443

BAY K 8644:Effect on calcium utilization in mollusc

muscle (BROOKS, HUDDART, LENNARD

AND HILL) 149, 379

Behaviour:Directional hearing in trout (SCHELLART

AND BUWALDA) 149, 113

Edge fixation in walking flies (OSORIO,SRINIVASAN AND PINTER) 149 , 281

Escape reaction of soldier crabs (NALBACH)148, 483

Escape tailflip in a crayfish (BEALL,LANGLEY AND EDWARDS) 1 5 2 , 577

Evasive flight by a praying mantis (YAGER,MAY AND FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND

MAY) 152, 41Flight steering in the locust (BAADER) 151,

109Of sea urchin flagella after changes in beat

frequency (ESHEL, SHINGYOJI,

YOSHIMURA, GIBBONS, GIBBONS AND

TAKAHASHl) 1 5 2 , 441

Prey capture in the praying mantis(CORRETTE) 148, 147

Bends:In the sea urchin flagella (ESHEL,

SHINGYOJI, YOSHIMURA, GIBBONS, GIBBONSAND TAKAHASHl) 152 , 441

Bicarbonate:Effect of infusion on ion fluxes across

trout gills (GOSS AND WOOD) 152, 521,549

Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,367; (ANDO AND SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381

XVI Index of Subjects

Binocular segregation:In the developing retinogeniculate

pathway (so, CAMPBELL AND LIEBERMAN)153, 85

Bioactivity:Of locust neuropeptides (ROBB AND EVANS)

149, 335Biomechanics:

Of butterfly flight (DUDLEY) 150, 35Bird:

Wing moment of inertia (KIRKPATRICK)151, 489

Wingbeat frequencies (PENNYCUICK) 150,171

Birgus latro:Fluid balance (GREENAWAY, TAYLOR AND

MORRIS) 152, 505Bivalve:

Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZAND BYRNE) 150, 395

Blaberus discoidalis:Mechanics of running (FULL AND TU) 148,

129Blood flow:

To the skin of the bullfrog (MALVIN ANDRIEDEL) 152, 425

Blood pressure:In the hagfish (AXELSSON, FARRELL AND

NILSSON) 151, 297Blood-brain barrier:

Current flow in the cockroach (SMITH ANDSHIPLEY) 154, 371

Oscillations of glial membrane potential(SCHOFIELD) 148, 335

Blowfly:Encoding properties of campaniform

sensilla (DICKINSON) 151, 219, 245Energy processing (HAINSWORTH, FISHER

AND PRECUP) 150, 257Blue marlin:

Backbone mechanics (HEBRANK, HEBRANK,LONG, BLOCK AND WAINWRIGHT) 148, 449

Body form:Effect on cost of locomotion (FULL,

ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 150, 233Body mass:

And arousal from hibernation and torporin mammals (GEISER AND BAUDINETTE)151, 349

Body turns:During escape by soldier crabs (NALBACH)

148, 483In walking crabs (PAUL, NALBACH AND

VARJU) 154, 81Bohr effect:

In squid haemocyanin (PORTNER) 150, 407

Boundary layer:Effect on cutaneous gas exchange (PINDER

AND FEDER) 154, 67

Breathing:Arrhythmic, in hibernating bats (THOMAS,

CLOUTIER AND GAGNE) 149, 395

Control of, in carp (GLASS, ANDERSEN,KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 148,1

Brine shrimp:Branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity

(HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279

Bromodeoxyuridine:Used to stain the nervous system of the

opossum (NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKARAND SAUNDERS) 152, 1

Brush-border membrane vesicles:From insect midgut, transport of leucine

(SACCHI, GIORDANA, CAMPANINI, BONFANTI

AND HANOZET) 149, 207

From starfish pyloric caeca (AHEARN) 150,453

Buffering:Of locust haemolymph (HARRISON, WONG

AND PHILLIPS) 154, 573

Bufo marinus:Compensation of hypercapnia (TOEWS AND

STIFFLER) 148, 293

Effect of temperature on cardiac vagalaction (COURTICE) 149, 439

Bullfrog:Autonomic control of cutaneous vascular

resistance (MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425

Compensation of hypercapnia (TOEWS ANDSTIFFLER) 148, 293

Cutaneous gas exchange (PINDER ANDFEDER) 154, 67

Bullrout:Muscle power output (ALTRINGHAM AND

JOHNSTON) 148, 395Bumblebee:

Flight kinematics (DUDLEY AND ELLINGTON)148, 19, 53

Busycon canaliculatum:Calcium utilization in proboscis muscle

(BROOKS, HUDDART, LENNARD AND HILL)

149, 379Butterfly:

Flight morphometrics and kinematics(DUDLEY) 150, 35

Reflectance basking (HEINRICH) 154, 31Butterflyfish:

Iron-rich teeth (SPARKS, MOTTA, SHELLIS,WADE AND MANN) 151, 371

Index of Subjects XVII

Calcium:Fluxes during moulting in crayfish

(WHEATLY AND IGNASZEWSKl) 1 5 1 , 469

Utilization in mollusc proboscis muscle(BROOKS, HUDDART, LENNARD AND HILL)149, 379

Calcium channel:At the frog neuromuscular junction (FENG

AND DAI) 153, 129In cultured leech Retzius cells (BOOKMAN

AND LIU) 149, 223In snail ventricle cells (BREZDEN AND

GARDNER) 150, 187In the squid stellate ganglion (SANCHEZ,

NUNO, BUCHANAN AND AUGUSTINE) 1 5 2 ,369

Calcium current:In Helix neurones (PIN, CREST, EHILE,

JACQUET AND GOLA) 152, 189; (CREST,EHILE, PIN, WATANABE AND GOLA) 152 ,211

Callinectes sapidus:Gill sodium uptake (BURNETT AND TOWLE)

149, 293Metabolism after exercise (LALLIER AND

WALSH) 154, 581Calliphora vomitoria:

Encoding properties of campaniformsensilla (DICKINSON) 151, 219, 245

Calorimetry:Used to study aestivation in a snail (REES

AND HAND) 152, 77Calosoma affine:

Cost of terrestrial locomotion (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 1 5 0 , 2 3 3

Campaniform sensilla:On the fly wing, encoding properties

(DICKINSON) 151, 245Camponotus detritus:

Discontinuous ventilation (LIGHTON) 151,71

Carassius carassius:Effects of anoxia (NILSSON) 150,-295

Carausius morosus:Nonspiking interneurones in a joint-

control loop (BUSCHGES) 151, 133Carbon dioxide:

Effects of catecholamines on excretion int r o u t (PLAYLE, MUNGER AND WOOD) 1 5 2 ,

353Excretion of, in trout (LIN AND RANDALL)

149, 149Production by an aestivating land snail

(REES AND HAND) 152, 77Carboxyfluorescein:

Used to photoinactivate barnacle neurones(GWILLIAM AND STUART) 151, 83

Carcinus maenas:Motor programme switching (DICAPRIO)

154, 519Peripheral oxygen chemosensitivity

(SIMMERS AND TRUCHOT) 148, 181

Cardiac ganglion:Of Limulus, effects of AMP and amines

(GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313

Cardiac output:In the hagfish (AXELSSON, FARRELL AND

NILSSON) 151, 297

Cardisoma carnifex:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)

149, 521Cardisoma guanhumi:

Eye movements during walking (BARNES)154, 99

Carp:Control of breathing (GLASS, ANDERSEN,

KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 1 4 8 ,

1Effect of temperature acclimation on

nerve properties (HARPER, WATT,HANCOCK AND MACDONALD) 1 5 4 , 305

Effect of temperature on muscle velocity(ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 1 5 4 , 163

Effects of anoxia (NILSSON) 150, 295Red cell function (JENSEN) 152, 149

Carunculina texasensis:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ

AND BYRNE) 150, 395

Cat:Jaw muscle activity (GANS, GORNIAK AND

MORGAN) 151, 1Catch:

In the mussel ABRM, effect ofintracellular pH (ZANGE, PORTNER, JANS

AND GRIESHABER) 150, 81

Catecholamines:Effect on gas exchange in trout (PLAYLE,

MUNGER AND WOOD) 1 5 2 , 353

Effect on metabolism of trout red cells(WALSH, WOOD, THOMAS AND PERRY) 154 ,

475Effect on trout respiration (AOTA,


151, 57In trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,

WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 9 1

Catfish:Hypoxic reflexes (BURLESON AND

SMATRESK) 154, 407

Cell assemblies:Formation of, in the mammalian visual

cortex (SINGER) 153, 177

XVIII Index of Subjects

Cell recognition:In the developing nervous system

(TRISLER) 153, 11Central pattern generator:

In the crab ventilatory system (DICAPRIO)154, 519

Cephalopod:Energetics of locomotion in Nautilus

(O'DOR, WELLS AND WELLS) 154, 383Vascular elasticity in the circulatory

system of an octopus (SHADWICK ANDNILSSON) 152, 471

Cerebellar control:Of the dogfish pectoral fin reflex (PAUL

AND ROBERTS) 148, 403Cerebellum:

Development in the rat (KAWAMURA,MURASE AND YUASA) 153, 289

Plasticity of postsynaptic neurones(HAMORI) 153, 251

Synaptogenesis in mutant mice (SOTELO)153, 225

Chaetodon ornatissimus:Iron-rich teeth (SPARKS, MOTTA, SHELLIS,

WADE AND MANN) 151, 371

Chalcalburnus chalcoides:Swimming energetics (KAUFMANN) 150, 343

Chemoreception:Of oxygen, in the crab (SIMMERS AND

TRUCHOT) 148, 181Chemoreceptor:

Oxygen-sensitive, in catfish (BURLESONAND SMATRESK) 154, 407

Cherax destructor:Modulation of stretch receptors (PASZTOR

AND MACMILLAN) 152, 485Chicken:

Air-sac function (BRACKENBURY ANDAMAKU) 152, 93

Chill-coma temperature:In insect flight muscle (GOLLER AND ESCH)

150, 221Chilling:

Effect on survival of Drosophila at lowtemperature (CZAJKA AND LEE) 148, 245

Chloride:Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,

367Uptake of, in seawater-adapted trout

(BATTRAM AND EDDY) 148, 489Chloride channel:

In cockroach neurones (MALFXOT AND

SATTELLE) 151, 495

In the membrane of Noctiluca miliaris(OAMI, NAITOH AND SIBAOKA) 150, 473

Chordotonal organs:Of crayfish (FIELD, NEWLAND AND HISADA)

154, 179Cicada:

Sound production (YOUNG) 151, 41Ciliary beating:

In a snail (DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152,389, 405

Circulation:Vascular, in an octopus (SHADWICK AND

NILSSON) 152, 471Circulatory system:

In the hagfish (AXELSSON, FARRELL AND

NILSSON) 151, 297Cirripedia:

Projection interneurones in the barnacle(GWILLIAM AND STUART) 151, 83

Climbing fibre:Re-formation of synapses after

deafferentation (KAWAMURA, MURASEAND YUASA) 153, 289

Clione limacina:Neural control of heart rate (ARSHAVSKY,

DELIAGINA, GELFAND, ORLOVSKY,PANCHIN, PAVLOVA AND P O P O V A ) 1 4 8 , 4 6 1

Cockroach:Control of cuticular water permeability

(CROGHAN AND NOBLE-NESBITT) 149, 505Current flow across the blood-brain

barrier (SMITH AND SHIPLEY) 154, 371Energetics of uphill running (FULL AND

TULLIS) 149, 307GABA-activated chloride channels

(MAL6COT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495Mechanics of running (FULL AND TU) 148,

129Oscillations of glial membrane potential

(SCHOFIELD) 148, 335Sodium current in isolated neurones

(LAPIED, MALECOT AND PELHATE) 151, 387Cod:

Power output of isolated muscle(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 151, 453

Cold:Effect on oxygen extraction in little

penguins (JOHANNESEN AND NICOL) 154,397

Colias erytheme:Reflectance basking (HEINRICH) 154, 31

Columba livia:Ventilatory movements of the pelvis

(BAUMEL, WILSON AND BERGREN) 151, 263Common inhibitory neurones:

Role in walking in locusts (WOLF) 152, 281Conductance:

Of K+ channels in Helix neurones (GREEN,POWELL AND COTTRELL) 149, 78

Index of Subjects XIX

Conduction:Of carp nerve, effect of temperature

acclimation (HARPER, WATT, HANCOCK

AND MACDONALD) 154, 305

Connections:Formed by cultured Aplysia neurones

(KLEINFELD, PARSONS, RACCUIA-BEHL1NG,

SALZBERG AND OBAID) 1 5 4 , 237

Contraction:Of the squid stellate ganglion (SANCHEZ,

NUNO, BUCHANAN AND AUGUSTINE) 1 5 2 ,

369Contrast frequency:

Effect on identified honeybeeinterneurones (IBBOTSON AND GOODMAN)

148, 255Control:

Of breathing in carp (GLASS, ANDERSEN,KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HElSLER) 148 ,1

Of glycolysis in a land snail (WHITWAM ANDSTOREY) 154, 321

Of the beat frequency of sea urchinflagella (ESHEL, SHINGYOJI, YOSHIMURA,GIBBONS, GIBBONS AND TAKAHASHl) 152 ,441

Cooling:Convective, in butterflies (HEINRICH) 154,

31Cooperativity:

In squid haemocyanin (PORTNER) 150, 407Coordination:

Of legs in the walking rock lobster(MULLER AND CLARAC) 148, 113

Of prey capture in the praying mantis(CORRETTE) 148, 147

Corbicula fluminea:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ

AND BYRNE) 150, 395

Corbunculid:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ

AND BYRNE) 150, 395

Cost of transport:In fish larvae (KAUFMANN) 150, 343

Cotransport:Of ions across eel intestine (ANDO AND

SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381

Crab:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)

149, 521Eye movements during walking (BARNES)

154, 99Eye movements during walking (PAUL,

NALBACH AND VARJU) 1 5 4 , 8 1

Fluid balance (GREENAWAY, TAYLOR ANDMORRIS) 152, 505

Gill sodium uptake (BURNETT AND TOWLE)149, 293

Limulus, modulation of cardiac ganglionby cyclic AMP and amines (GROOME ANDWATSON) 152, 313

Luminescent flash avoidance (GROBER) 148,415, 427

Metabolism after exercise (LALLIER ANDWALSH) 154, 581

Motor programme switching (DICAPRIO)154, 519

Peripheral oxygen chemosensitivity(SIMMERS AND TRUCHOT) 148, 181

Visual system (ZEIL) 152, 573Crangon crangon:

Water permeability (CAMPBELL AND JONES)150, 145

Crayfish:Directional sensitivity of the equilibrium

system (NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 152,

305Dual motor output interneurones

(MURCHISON AND LARIMER) 150, 269

Effect of taurine on heart muscle fibres(GALLER, HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152, 255

Identified nonspiking interneurones (TOGA,TAKAHATA AND HISADA) 148 , 477

Inhibition of escape (BEALL, LANGLEY ANDEDWARDS) 152, 577

Modulation of retinal sensitivity(ARECHIGA, BANUELOS, FR1XIONE, PICONES

AND RODRIGUEZ-SOSA) 150, 123

Modulation of stretch receptors (PASZTORAND MACMILLAN) 152, 485

Moult ing (WHEATLY AND IGNASZEWSKl)

151,469Properties of retinal photoreceptors

(PICONES AND ARECHIGA) 150, 111

Uropod proprioceptors (FIELD, NEWLANDAND HISADA) 154, 179

Vibration-sensitive statocyst interneurone(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 149, 361

Cricket:Leg-induced steering in flight (MAY AND

HOY) 151, 485Modulation of muscle by octopamine

(O'GARA AND DREWES) 149, 161

Ultrasound-induced yaw movements inflight (MAY AND HOY) 149, 177

Critical speed:Of swimming sharks (GRAHAM, DEWAR,

LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 1 5 1 , 175

Crop:Function in blowflies (HAINSWORTH, FISHER

AND PRECUP) 150, 257

XX Index of Subjects

Crustacea:Regulation of synapses in lobster and

crayfish (ATWOOD AND GOVIND) 153, 105

Cryobiology:Of Drosophila melanogaster (CZAJKA AND

LEE) 148, 245Culture:

Of Aplysia neurones (KLEINFELD, PARSONS,RACCUIA-BEHLING, SALZBERG AND OBAID)

154, 237Of crustacean stomatogastric ganglion

neurones (GRAF AND COOKE) 149, 521

Of leech neurones, synapse formation(NICHOLLS, UU, PAYTON AND KUFFLER)

153, 141Of leech Retzius cells (BOOKMAN AND LIU)

149, 223Of locust muscle, ion channels (MILLER

AND USHERWOOD) 154, 45

Of neurones from Helix, K+ channels(GREEN, POWELL AND COTTRELL) 149, 78

Of the CNS of the newborn opossum(NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR ANDSAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1

Of Xenopus nerve and muscle (FENG ANDDAI) 153, 129

Current:Flow across an insect blood-brain barrier

(SMITH AND SHIPLEY) 154, 371

Cuticle:Control of permeability in insects

(CROGHAN AND NOBLE-NESBITT) 149, 505

Cyclic AMP:Effect on intracellular pH in mussel

A B R M (ZANGE, PORTNER, JANS AND

GRIESHABER) 150, 81

Role in modulation of Limulus cardiacganglion (GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313

Cyclochila australasiae:Sound production (YOUNG) 151, 41

Cyclostome:Cardiovascular dynamics in Myxine

glutinosa (AXELSSON, FARRELL AND

NILSSON) 151, 297

Cyprinus carpio:Control of breathing (GLASS, ANDERSEN,

KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 1 4 8 ,1

Effect of temperature acclimation onnerve properties (HARPER, WATT,HANCOCK AND MACDONALD) 1 5 4 , 305

Effect of temperature on muscle velocity(ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 154 , 163

Red cell function (JENSEN) 152, 149

Deafferentation:Effect on developing rat cerebellum

(KAWAMURA, MURASE AND YUASA) 153,

289Defence posture:

Of a crayfish (BEALL, LANGLEY AND

EDWARDS) 152, 577

Defined medium:For the culture of crustacean neurones

(GRAF AND COOKE) 149, 521

Dendrites:Axonization of, in reactive synaptogenesis

(HAMORI) 153, 251

Development:Of respiratory gas exchange in salmon

(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1

Of synaptic connections in chick (FRANKAND MENDELSON) 153, 71

Of the CNS in the newborn opossum(NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR AND

SAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1

Of the mammalian retinogeniculatepathway (so, CAMPBELL AND LIEBERMAN)

153, 85Of the mammalian visual cortex (SINGER)

153, 177Of the retina and tectum (TRISLER) 153, 11

Diffusion:Of metabolites in aerobic muscle in

antarctic fish (LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL)150, 205

Dinoflagellate:Distribution of ion channels in Noctiluca

(OAMl, NAITOH AND SIBAOKA) 1 5 0 , 473

Directional hearing:Thresholds in fish (SCHELLART AND

BUWALDA) 149, 113

Directional sensitivity:Of the crayfish equilibrium system

(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 152, 305

Directional tuning:Of interneurones in the honeybee

(iBBOTSON AND GOODMAN) 148 , 255

Dissociated neurone:From the cockroach, ion channels

(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495

DNA:Replication in the CNS of the newborn

opossum (NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR

AND SAUNDERS) 152, 1Dog:

Work and energetic cost of locomotion(STEUDEL) 154, 273, 287

Index of Subjects XXI

Dogfish:Role of magnetic statoconia (HANSON,

WESTERBERG AND OBLAD) 1 5 1 , 205

Spinal neuronal activity during thepectoral fin reflex (PAUL AND ROBERTS)148, 403

Dopaminc:In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,

295Dormancy:

In a land snail (REES AND HAND) 152, 77Drag:

Coefficients for a falcon (TUCKER) 149, 449Coefficient for bird bodies (TUCKER) 154,

439For a gliding hawk (TUCKER AND HEINE)

149, 469Drosophila:

Potassium currents in muscle (SINGH ANDwu) 152, 59

Drosophila melanogaster:Survival at low temperature (CZAJKA AND

LEE) 148, 245DUM neurone:

In the cockroach, Na+ currents (LAPIED,MALECOT AND PELHATE) 1 5 1 , 387

In the locust, modulation by octopamine(RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD) 149 , 255

Dye dilution:Used to measure tuna ventilation volume

(JONES, BRILL, BUTLER, BUSHNELL AND

HE1E1S) 1 4 9 , 491

Ear-drum:Role in sound production in a cicada

(YOUNG) 151, 41

Echinoderm:Proline transport by starfish pyloric caeca

(AHEARN) 150, 453

Echolocation:By bats (THOMAS, JONES, RAYNER AND

HUGHES) 149, 407

By bats, response of a praying mantis(YAGER, MAY AND FENTON) 152, 17

Eel:Intestinal transport of bicarbonate (ANDO

AND SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381


Transport of water and ions across theintestine (ANDO) 150, 367

Elasticity:In the vascular system of an octopus

(SHADWICK AND NILSSON) 152, 471

Of shrimp muscle cells (MEYHOFER ANDDANIEL) 151, 435

Electromyography:Effect of sampling rate (JAYNE, LAUDER,

REILLY AND WAINWRIGHT) 154, 557

Of jaw muscles in cats (GANS, GORNIAKAND MORGAN) 151, 1

Of lizard muscle (JAYNE, BENNETT ANDLAUDER) 152, 101

Of pigeon ventilatory muscles (BAUMEL,WILSON AND BERGREN) 1 5 1 , 263

Eleutherodactylus coqui:Ontogeny of metabolism and heart

function (BURGGREN, INFANTINO AND

TOWNSEND) 152, 129

Embryonic tissue:Transplanted to adult rat brain (RAISMAN

AND FIELD) 153, 277

Encoding properties:Of fly wing campaniform sensilla

(DICKINSON) 151, 219, 245

Endotherm:Arousal from hibernation and torpor in

mammals (GEISER AND BAUDINETTE) 151,

349Energetics:

Of cockroach running (FULL AND TU) 148,129

Of locomotion in dogs (STEUDEL) 154, 273,287

Of locomotion in Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLSAND WELLS) 154, 383

Of swimming in fish larvae (KAUFMANN)150, 343

Of terrestrial locomotion in insects (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULL1S) 1 5 0 , 2 3 3

Of uphill running in insects (FULL ANDTULLIS) 149, 307

Energy:Processing in blowflies (HAINSWORTH,

FISHER AND PRECUP) 1 5 0 , 257

Epinephrine:In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,

295Epithelium:

Ciliated, role in locomotion in a snail(DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152, 405

Eptatretus stouti:Amino acid transport in red cells

(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,

355Equilibrium system:

Of the crayfish, directional sensitivity(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 152, 305

XXII Index of Subjects

Erythrocytes:Adrenergic N a + / H + exchange (COSSINS

AND KILBEY) 148, 303In trout spleen (WELLS AND WEBER) 150,

461Of fish, glucose transport (TSE AND YOUNG)

148, 367Escape:

Flight manoeuvres by a praying mantis(YAGER, MAY AND FENTON) 152, 17;(YAGER AND MAY) 152, 41

Reaction of soldier crabs (NALBACH) 148,483

Esox lucius:Fast-start performance (HARPER AND

BLAKE) 150, 321Estivation:

In a land snail (BROOKS AND STOREY) 151,193

Eudyptula minor:Oxygen extraction by (JOHANNESEN AND

NICOL) 154, 397Euthynnus affinis:

Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,

BUSHNELL AND HEIEIS) 149 , 491

Evaporative cooling:In grasshoppers (PRANGE) 154, 463

Excretion:In a teleost adapted to an extremely

alkaline environment (WRIGHT, PERRY,RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN) 151 , 3 6 1

Excretory system:Of a land crab, role in fluid balance

(GREENAWAY, TAYLOR AND MORRIS) 152 ,

505Exercise:

Effect on crab metabolism (LALLIER ANDWALSH) 154, 581

Effect on metabolism of trout red cells(WOOD, WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 ,491

Effect on respiration in the domestic fowl(BRACKENBURY AND AMAKU) 152, 93

Effect on trout muscle metabolism(PEARSON, SPRIET AND STEVENS) 149 , 4 5

Role of spleen in trout (WELLS ANDWEBER) 150, 461

Extrapolation method:Used to estimate interference drag

(TUCKER) 154, 439Eye:

Movement, during escape reaction ofsoldier crabs (NALBACH) 148, 483

Movement of, in walking crabs (BARNES)154, 99

Movement of, in walking crabs (PAUL,NALBACH AND VARJU) 1 5 4 , 8 1

Of a deep-sea ostracod (LAND ANDNILSSON) 148, 221

Visual fields in Mantispa styriaca(EGGENREICH AND KRAL) 148, 353

Falco peregrinus:Body drag (TUCKER) 149, 449Measurement of interference drag

(TUCKER) 154, 439

Fast-start:In trout and pike (HARPER AND BLAKE) 150,

321Fatigue:

In ischaemic rat slow muscles (CORSI,GRANATA AND HUDLICKA) 152, 265

Feeding:Energy processing in blowflies

(HAINSWORTH, FISHER AND PRECUP) 150,257

Variation of muscular activity in cats(GANS, GORN1AK AND MORGAN) 1 5 1 , 1

Femoral chordotonal organ:In the stick insect (BUSCHGES) 151, 133

Firebrat:Instar duration in Thermobia domestica

(BUCK AND EDWARDS) 151, 341

Flagella:Of sea urchin, effect of a change in beat

frequency (ESHEL, SHINGYOJI,YOSHIMURA, GIBBONS, GIBBONS ANDTAKAHASHl) 1 5 2 , 441

Flapping:Frequency in bird flight (PENNYCUICK) 150,

171Fleshfly:

Coding mechanism for gustatory sensilla(MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT AND

WHITEHEAD) 150, 19

Flight:Bird wingbeat frequencies (PENNYCUICK)

150, 171Control of optomotor responses in the

locust (HENSLER AND ROWELL) 149, 191

Drag coefficients for a falcon (TUCKER)149, 449

Effect of ultrasound on flying crickets(MAY AND HOY) 149, 177

Evasive, by a praying mantis (YAGER, MAYAND FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND MAY)

152, 41Gliding in a Harris' hawk (TUCKER AND

HEINE) 149, 469

Intermittent gliding in a bat (THOMAS,JONES, RAYNER AND HUGHES) 149 , 407

Lift and power output of birds (MARDEN)149, 511

Index of Subjects XXIII

Moment of inertia of bird wings(KIRKPATRICK) 151, 489

Of neotropical butterflies (DUDLEY) 150, 35Of the bumblebee (DUDLEY AND

ELLINGTON) 148, 19, 53Power output of moth flight muscle

(STEVENSON AND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61

Role of locust forewing stretch receptors(PEARSON AND RAMIREZ) 1 5 1 , 317

Steering in crickets (MAY AND HOY) 151,485

Steering in the locust (BAADER) 151, 109Steering in the locust (WOLF) 150, 55

Flight muscle:Chill-coma temperature in insects (GOLLER

AND ESCH) 150, 221

Fluid balance:In a land crab (GREENAWAY, TAYLOR AND

MORRIS) 152, 505

Fluid uptake:By Octopus (WELLS AND WELLS) 152, 583

Fluorescent probe:Used to study intracellular pH (HEMING,

VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANl) 148 , 385

Fly:Fixation behaviour (OSORIO, SRINIVASAN

AND PINTER) 149, 281FMRFamide:

Distribution in the locust (ROBB ANDEVANS) 149, 335

From Helix aspersa (PRICE, LESSEE, LEE,DOBLE AND GREENBERG) 1 5 4 , 4 2 1

In the C3 neurone of Helix (BEWICK,COTTRELL AND PRICE) 148 , 201

Force:Maintenance of, in barnacle striated

muscle (IWAMOTO, MURAOKA, GOTO AND

SUGI) 148, 281

Frequency:Of flapping in flying birds (PENNYCUICK)

150, 171Frog:

Mechanism of ventilation (VITALIS ANDSHELTON) 154, 537

Ontogeny of metabolism and heartfunction (BURGGREN, INFANTINO AND

TOWNSEND) 152, 129

Patterning of nerve connections (FRASERAND O'ROURKE) 153, 61

Funnel canal organ:Effect on lobster locomotion (MULLER AND

CLARAC) 148, 89, 113

Gadus morhua:Power output of isolated muscle

(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 151, 453

Gamma-aminobutyric acid:Effect on locust cereal afferents (WATSON)

148, 509In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,

295Receptors in cockroach neurones

(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495Ganglion:

Mandibular, in the locust (BRAUNIG) 148,313

Gas exchange:Cutaneous, in bullfrogs (PINDER AND

FEDER) 154, 67Gas transport:

In shark blood (LAI, GRAHAM AND BURNETT)151, 161

Gastrocnemius muscle:Effect of prestretch on work output

(ETTEMA, HUUING, VAN INGEN SCHENAUAND DE HAAN) 1 5 2 , 333

Gastropod:Control of locomotion in a snail

(DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152, 389, 405

Enzyme regulation during aestivation andanoxia (WHITWAM AND STOREY) 154, 321

Temperature sensitivity of haemocyanin(BRIX, CONDO, COLOSIMO AND GIARDINA)

149, 417Gene:

Expression of, in the primate sensorycortex (JONES) 153, 155

Gill:Denervation of, effect on hypoxic reflexes

in catfish (BURLESON AND SMATRESK) 154,407

Function in trout (LIN AND RANDALL) 149,149

In gas exchange in salmon (ROMBOUGH ANDMOROZ) 154, 1

Ion fluxes in trout (GOSS AND WOOD) 152,521, 549

Of the blue crab, sodium uptake (BURNETTAND TOWLE) 149, 293

Role in osmoregulation in Anemia salina(HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279

Ventilation of, in carp (GLASS, ANDERSEN,KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 148,1

Glia:Oscillations of membrane potential

(SCHOFIELD) 148, 335Gliding:

In bats (THOMAS, JONES, RAYNER AND

HUGHES) 149, 407

Performance of a falcon (TUCKER) 149, 449Performance of a Harris' hawk (TUCKER

AND HEINE) 149, 469

XXIV Index of Subjects

Glossopharyngeal nerve:Effect of section on hypoxic reflexes in

catfish (BURLESON AND SMATRESK) 154,407

Glottis:Role in breathing in Rana pipiens (VITALIS

AND SHELTON) 154, 537Glucose:

In trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 491

Metabolism of, in trout red cells (WALSH ,WOOD, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 475

Transport of, by fish erythrocytes (TSE ANDYOUNG) 148, 367

Glutamate:In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,

295Initiates leech swimming (BRODFUEHRER

AND COHEN) 154, 567Glycolysis:

Control of, in a land snail (WHITWAM ANDSTOREY) 154, 321

In trout muscle, effect of training(PEARSON, SPR1ET AND STEVENS) 149 , 45

Glycolytic complex:In an aestivating snail (BROOKS AND

STOREY) 151, 193Glycolytic enzymes:

In fish muscle (SOMERO AND CHILDRESS)149, 319

Good's buffers:Accumulation of, in fish hepatocytes

(WALSH) 148, 495Gradient:

Of cell surface proteins in retina andtectum (TRISLER) 153, 11

Of guidance molecules in the optic tectum(MULLER, STAHL AND BONHOEFFER) 153,29

Grasshoppers:Evaporative cooling (PRANGE) 154, 463

Gravity:Effect on Xenopus laevis (LEUCHT) 148,

325Growth:

In fish larvae (KAUFMANN) 150, 343Growth cone:

Collapse induced by guidance molecules(MULLER, STAHL AND BONHOEFFER) 153,29

Of Helix neurones, K+ channels (GREEN,POWELL AND COTTRELL) 149 , 78

Guidance:Of developing axons (MULLER, STAHL AND

BONHOEFFER) 153, 29Of neurones in the developing frog retina

(FRASER AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61

Guinea pig:Myosin ATPase activity (MCKEAN) 149, 499

Gustatory chemosensilla:In Sarcophaga (MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT

AND WHITEHEAD) 150, 19

Habitat:Of euryhaline prawns (CAMPBELL AND

JONES) 150, 145

Haemocyanin:Of deep-sea shrimps (SANDERS AND

CHILDRESS) 152, 167

Of squid, effects of pH on oxygen binding(PORTNER) 150, 407

Temperature sensitivity in a gastropod(BRIX, COND&, COLOSIMO AND GIARDINA)

149, 417Haemocyte:

Of squid, intracellular pH (HEMING,VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANl) 148 , 385

Haemodynamics:In an octopus (SHADWICK AND NILSSON)

152, 471Haemoglobin:

Of fish, Root effect (PELSTER AND WEBER)149, 425

Haemolymph:Buffering of, in locust (HARRISON, WONG

AND PHILLIPS) 154, 573

Of oplophorid shrimps (SANDERS ANDCHILDRESS) 152, 167

Hagfish:Amino acid transport in red cells

(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,355

Cardiovascular dynamics (AXELSSON,FARRELL AND NILSSON) 1 5 1 , 297

Haldane effect:In shark blood (LAI, GRAHAM AND BURNETT)

151, 161In squid haemocyanin (PORTNER) 150, 407

Harris' hawk:Aerodynamics of gliding flight (TUCKER

AND HEINE) 149, 469Lift and power output in flight (MARDEN)

149, 511Profile drag coefficients (TUCKER) 149, 449

Hawkmoth:Power output of flight muscle (STEVENSON

AND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61

Head movement:Compensatory, in flying locusts (HENSLER

AND ROWELL) 149. 191

Hearing:Directional, thresholds in fish (SCHELLART


Index of Subjects xxv

Heart:Accumulation of taurine in embryonic

Skate (GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 150,449

Calcium channels in snail ventricle cells(BREZDEN AND GARDNER) 150, 187

Effect of taurine on muscle fibres (GALLER,HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152, 255

Effect of temperature in fish (BAILEY ANDDRIEDZIC) 149, 239

Effect of temperature on vagal action inthe toad (COURTICE) 149, 439

Myosin ATPase activity in rodents(MCKEAN) 149, 499

Neural control of, in a mollusc(ARSHAVSKY, DELIAGINA, GELFAND,ORLOVSKY, PANCHIN, PAVLOVA ANDPOPOVA) 148, 461

Heart rate:During development in a frog (BURGGREN,

INFANTINO AND TOWNSEND) 152, 129In a crab, effect of luminescent flashes

(GROBER) 148, 415, 427Helix:

K+ channels in cultured neurones (GREEN,POWELL AND COTTRELL) 149, 78

Helix aspersa:Cardioactive peptides (PRICE, LESSER, LEE,

DOBLE AND GREENBERG) 154, 421The C3 neurone (BEWICK, COTTRELL AND

PRICE) 148, 201Helix pomatia:

Plateau-generating nerve cells (PIN, CREST,EHILE, JACQUET AND GOLA) 152, 189;(CREST, EHILE, PIN, WATANABE AND GOLA)

152, 211Hepatocyte:

Of toadfish, accumulation of Hepes(WALSH) 148, 495

Hepes:Accumulation of, in fish hepatocytes

(WALSH) 148, 495Hibernation:

Arousal from (GEISER AND BAUDINETTE)151, 349

In bats, arrhythmic breathing (THOMAS,CLOUTIER AND GAGNE) 149, 395

High-energy phosphate:Stores in acid-exposed fish (VAN WAARDE,

VAN DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART, VERHAGEN,ERKELENS, WENDELAAR BONGA, ADDINKAND LUGTENBURG) 154, 223

Hippocampus:Transection of, effect in adult rat brain

(RAISMAN AND HELD) 153, 277

Hirudo medicinalis:Acetylcholine sensitivity of axotomized

neurones (BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151,423

Initiation of swimming activity(BRODFUEHRER AND COHEN) 154, 567

Homarus americanus:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)

149, 521Modulation of stretch receptors (PASZTOR

AND MACMILLAN) 152, 485Homing:

In American and Italian pigeons(BENVENUTI, BROWN, GAGLIARDO ANDNOZZOLINI) 148, 235

Honeybee:A temperature-induced ventilation switch

(LIGHTON AND LOVEGROVE) 154, 509Motion-sensitive interneurones (IBBOTSON

AND GOODMAN) 148, 255Horseradish peroxidase:

Labelling of locust cereal afferents(WATSON) 148, 509

Horseshoe crab:Modulation by cyclic AMP and amines

(GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313HPLC:

Used to characterize neuropeptides in thelocust (ROBB AND EVANS) 149, 335

Hydroxyapatite:In the teeth of butterflyfish (SPARKS,

MOTTA, SHELLIS, WADE AND MANN) 151,371

Hypaxial muscles:Locomotor action in a lizard (CARRIER)

152, 453Hypercapnia:

Compensation of, in toads and frogs(TOEWS AND STIFFLER) 148, 293

Hyperoxia:Effect on ion fluxes across trout gills (GOSS

AND WOOD) 152, 521, 549Effect on the crab respiratory oscillator

(SIMMERS AND TRUCHOT) 148, 181Hyperpnoea:

During evaporative cooling ingrasshoppers (PRANGE) 154, 463

Hypoxia:Effect on catfish (BURLESON AND

SMATRESK) 154, 407Effect on the crab respiratory oscillator

(SIMMERS AND TRUCHOT) 148, 181Role of spleen in trout (WELLS AND

WEBER) 150, 461Ventilatory responses of trout (AOTA,


151, 57

XXVI Index of Subjects

Ictalurus punctatus:Hypoxic reflexes (BURLESON AND

SMATRESK) 154, 407

Identified neurone:Controlling crayfish abdominal posture

(TOGA, TAKAHATA AND HISADA) 148, 477

Controlling mollusc heart rate (ARSHAVSKY,DEUAGINA, GELFAND, ORLOVSKY,

PANCHIN, PAVLOVA AND POPOV A ) 1 4 8 , 4 6 1

In locust brain, role in motion detection(RIND) 149, 1, 21

In the cockroach, acetylcholine-inducedcurrents (DAVID AND SATTELLE) 151, 21

In the honeybee visual pathway (IBBOTSONAND GOODMAN) 148, 255

Na + currents in the cockroach DUMneurone (LAPIED, MALECOT AND PELHATE)

151, 387The C3 neurone in Helix (BEWICK,

COTTRELL AND PRICE) 1 4 8 , 2 0 1Iguana iguana:

Role of hypaxial muscles in walking(CARRIER) 152, 453

Illex illecebrosus:Effect of pH on haemocyanin (PORTNER)

150, 407Immunogold:

Labelling of locust cereal afferents(WATSON) 148, 509

Innervation:Of locust flight steering muscle (WOLF)

150, 55Insect:

Chill-coma temperature of flight muscle(GOLLER AND ESCH) 150, 221

Energetics of terrestrial locomotion (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 1 5 0 , 2 3 3

Interference drag:Measurement of (TUCKER) 154, 439

Interneurone:Controlling switching in the crab

ventilatory system (DICAPRIO) 154, 519In locust brain, role in motion detection

(RIND) 149, 1,21

In the shadow reflex pathway of thebarnacle (GWILLIAM AND STUART) 151, 83

Motion-sensitive, in the honeybee(IBBOTSON AND GOODMAN) 148, 255

Nonspiking, in the stick insect (BUSCHGES)151, 133

Vibration-sensitive, in the crayfish(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 149, 361

With dual motor output, in crayfish(MURCHISON AND LARIMER) 150, 269

Ion channel:Acetylcholine-activated (PENNINGTON AND

MARTIN) 154, 201

Distribution in Retzius cells (GARCI'A,GRUMBACHER-REINERT, BOOKMAN AND

REUTER) 1 5 0 , 1

In a cockroach neurone (DAVID ANDSATTELLE) 151, 21

In dissociated cockroach neurones(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495

In lizard nodal membranes (BENOIT) 151,405

In snail heart ventricle cells (BREZDEN ANDGARDNER) 150, 187

In the membrane of Noctiluca miliaris(OAMI, NAITOH AND S I B A O K A ) 1 5 0 , 473

Properties of, in cultured leech cells(BOOKMAN AND LIU) 149, 223

Ion currents:In Drosophila muscle (SINGH AND WU) 152,

59In Helix neurones (PIN, CREST, EHILE,

JACQUET AND GOLA) 152, 189; (CREST,EHILE, PIN, WATANABE AND G O L A ) 1 5 2 ,211

Ion exchange:Across eel intestine (ANDO AND

SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381

In the mussel ABRM (ZANGE, GRIESHABERAND JANS) 150, 95

In trout erythrocytes (COSSINS AND KILBEY)148, 303

Ion flux:Across the gills of rainbow trout (GOSS

AND WOOD) 152, 521, 549

Across the mantle of Anodonta cygnea(MACHADO, FERREIRA, FERREIRA AND

FERNANDES) 150, 159

Ion regulation:In seawater-adapted trout (BATTRAM AND

EDDY) 148, 489

Ion transport:Across caterpillar midgut epithelium


Across eel intestine (ANDO) 150, 367By carp red cells (JENSEN) 152, 149Cutaneous, in toads and frogs (TOEWS AND

STIFFLER) 148, 293

Iron:In the teeth of the butterflyfish (SPARKS,

MOTTA, SHELLIS, WADE AND MANN) 1 5 1 ,

371Isokinetic shortening:

Effect on muscle work (ETTEMA, VAN SOESTAND HUIJING) 154, 121

Index of Subjects XXVII

Isolated neurone:Na+ currents in the cockroach DUM

neurone (LAPIED, MALECOT AND PELHATE)

151, 387Isopod:

Stretch receptor organs of Armadillidiumvulgare (NIIDA, SADAKANE AND

YAMAGUCHI) 149, 515

Isopoda:Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT AND

MACHIN) 154, 13

Isotonic shortening:Effect on muscle work (ETTEMA, VAN SOEST

AND HUUING) 154, 121

Isurus oxyrinchus:Swimming performance (GRAHAM, DEWAR,


Jacobs-Stewart cycle:In trout red cells (NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN AND

PAAJASTE) 154, 257

Jasus lalandii:Sensory influences on locomotion (MULLER

AND CLARAC) 148, 89, 113

Jet propulsion:Energetics of, in Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS

AND WELLS) 154, 383

Joint:Control of, in the stick insect (BUSCHGES)

151, 133

Kainate:Initiates leech swimming (BRODFUEHRER

AND COHEN) 154, 567

Katsuwonus pelamis:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,


Kawakawa:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,


Kinases:In the monkey visual cortex (JONES) 153,

155Kinematics:

Of bumblebee flight (DUDLEY ANDELLINGTON) 148, 19, 53

Of butterfly flight (DUDLEY) 150, 35Of feeding in fishes (SANFORD AND

LAUDER) 154, 137

Lactate:Effect on haemocyanin of oplophorid

shrimps (SANDERS AND CHILDRESS) 152,167

In the blood of a swimming shark (LAI,GRAHAM AND BURNETT) 1 5 1 , 161

In trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 9 1

Metabolism of, in trout red cells (WALSH,WOOD, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 7 5

Lake Magadi:Effect of alkaline water on a teleost

(WRIGHT, PERRY, RANDALL, WOOD ANDBERGMAN) 1 5 1 , 361

Lateral geniculate nucleus:Action potentials in the developing visual

system (KALIL) 153, 261Lateral inhibition:

In the fly visual system (OSORIO,SRINIVASAN AND PINTER) 149 , 281

Leech:Acetylcholine sensitivity of axotomized

neurones (BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151,423

Development of synapses (ZHANG, ZHU,WANG, ZHANG AND ZOU) 1 5 3 , 47

Initiation of swimming activity(BRODFUEHRER AND COHEN) 154, 567

Ion channels in cultured Retzius cells(BOOKMAN AND LIU) 149, 223

Ion channels in Retzius cells (GARCIA,GRUMBACHER-REINERT, BOOKMAN ANDREUTER) 150 , 1

Synapse formation by cultured neurones(NICHOLLS, LIU, PAYTON AND KUFFLER)

153, 141Leg:

Role in steering in flying crickets (MAYAND HOY) 151, 485

Lesion:In the adult rat brain, synaptogenesis after

(RAISMAN AND FIELD) 153, 277

Leucine:Uptake of, by insect midgut (SACCHI,

G1ORDANA, CAMPANINI, BONFANTI AND

HANOZET) 149, 207

L-GIutamate:Effect on locust flight motoneurones

(DUBAS) 148, 501

Lidocaine:Effect on homing pigeons (DORNFELDT AND

BILO) 149, 95

Lift:Of flying birds (MARDEN) 149, 511

Lift coefficient:Of a gliding hawk (TUCKER AND HEINE)

149, 469Light:

Responses to, of crayfish retinalphotoreceptors (PICONES AND ARECHIGA)150, 111

XXVIII Index of Subjects

Ligumia subrostrata:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ

AND BYRNE) 150, 395Limulus polyphemus:

Modulation by cyclic AMP and amines(GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313

Lipid:In carp nerve, effect of temperature

acclimation (HARPER, WATT, HANCOCKAND MACDONALD)154, 305

Lizard:Nodal membrane currents (BENOIT) 151,

405Role of hypaxial muscles in walking

(CARRIER) 152, 453Speed, temperature and muscle

recruitment (JAYNE, BENNETT ANDLAUDER) 152, 101

Load-lifting:Ability of flying birds (MARDEN) 149, 511

Lobster:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)

149, 521Modulation of stretch receptors (PASZTOR

AND MACMILLAN) 152, 485Locomotion:

Activity of common inhibitormotoneurones in walking locusts (WOLF)152, 281

Coordination with the circulatory systemin a mollusc (ARSHAVSKY, DELIAGINA,GELFAND, ORLOVSKY, PANCHIN, PAVLOVAAND POPOVA) 148, 461

Effect of temperature on swimming carp(ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 154, 163

Energetics of, in Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLSAND WELLS) 154, 383

Energetics of uphill running in insects(FULL AND TULLIS) 149, 307

Fish muscle power output (ALTRINGHAMAND JOHNSTON) 148, 395

In a snail (DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152,389, 405

Joint control in the stick insect (BUSCHGES)151, 133

Mechanics of six-legged runners (FULL ANDTU) 148, 129

Muscle recruitment in a lizard (JAYNE,BENNETT AND LAUDER) 152, 101

Of the rock lobster (MULLER AND CLARAC)148, 89, 113

Role of eye movements in crabs (BARNES)154, 99

Role of hypaxial muscles in a lizard(CARRIER) 152, 453

Scaling effects on muscle function(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 151, 453

Scaling of ATP-supplying enzymes in fishmuscle (SOMERO AND CHILDRESS) 149,319

Terrestrial, cost in insects (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 150, 233

Work and energetic cost (STEUDEL) 154,273, 287

Locust:Buffering of haemolymph (HARRISON,

WONG AND PHILLIPS) 154, 573Characterization of a motion-detecting

neurone (RIND) 149, 1, 21Control of optomotor responses during

flight (HENSLER AND ROWELL) 149, 191Distribution of FMRFamide-like peptides

(ROBB AND EVANS) 149, 335Effect of L-glutamate on flight

motoneurones (DUBAS) 148, 501Forewing stretch receptors (PEARSON AND

RAMIREZ) 151, 317Function of a flight steering muscle (WOLF)

150, 55GABAergic input onto cereal afferents

(WATSON) 148, 509Mandibular ganglion (BRAUNIG) 148, 313Octopaminergic modulation of forewing

stretch receptor (RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD)149, 255

Potassium channels in cultured muscle(MILLER AND USHERWOOD) 154, 45

Locusta migratoria:Activity patterns of inhibitory

motoneurones (WOLF) 152, 281Characterization of a motion-detecting

neurone (RIND) 149, 1, 21Control of optomotor responses during

flight (HENSLER AND ROWELL) 149, 191Evaporative cooling (PRANGE) 154, 463Flight steering (BAADER) 151, 109Forewing stretch receptors (PEARSON AND

RAMIREZ) 151, 317Function of a flight steering muscle (WOLF)

150, 55GABAergic input onto cereal afferents

(WATSON) 148, 509Octopaminergic modulation of forewing

stretch receptor (RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD)149, 255

Loligo pealei:Contractions of the stellate ganglion

(SANCHEZ, NUNO, BUCHANAN ANDAUGUSTINE) 152, 369

Effect of pH on haemocyanin (PORTNER)150, 407

Lucilia cuprina:Fixation behaviour (OSORIO, SRINIVASAN

AND PINTER) 149, 281

Index of Subjects XXIX

Luminescence:Avoidance of, in a crab (GROBER) 148, 415,

427Lymnaea stagnalis:

Calcium channels in heart ventricle cells(BREZDEN AND GARDNER) 150, 187

Macrocypridina castanea:Eye movements (LAND AND NILSSON) 148,

221Macrophages:

Oxygen uptake by (NAGELKERKE,PANNEVIS, HOULIHAN AND SECOMBES) 1 5 4 ,339

Macrotristria angularis:Sound production (YOUNG) 151, 41

Magnesium transport:In fish intestine (VAN DER VELDEN, GROOT,

FL1K, POLAK AND KOLAR) 1 5 2 , 587

Magnetic field:Effect on Xenopus laevis (LEUCHT) 148,

325Magnetic particles:

In the dogfish (HANSON, WESTERBERG AND

OBLAD) 151, 205

Makaira nigricans:Backbone mechanics (HEBRANK, HEBRANK,

LONG, BLOCK AND WAINWRIGHT) 148, 449

Mammal:Arousal from hibernation (GEISER AND

BAUDINETTE) 151, 349

The central nervous system of thenewborn opossum (NICHOLLS, STEWART,ERULKAR AND SAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1

Manduca sexta:Alkalization of midgut lumen


Ion transport across midgut (CHAMBERLIN)150, 425

Power output of flight muscle (STEVENSONAND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61

Reversible alkalization by midgut (DOWAND O'DONNELL) 150, 247

Mantispa styriaca:Visual fields of the compound eyes

(EGGENREICH AND KRAL) 148, 353

Mantle:Of Anodonta cygnea, acid-base balance

(MACHADO, FERREIRA, FERREIRA AND

FERNANDES) 150, 159Marsupials:

Arousal from hibernation (GEISER ANDBAUDINETTE) 151, 349

Mastication:In cats (GANS, GORNIAK AND MORGAN) 151,

1

Mechanics:Of fish muscle (ALTRINGHAM AND

JOHNSTON) 151, 453Of locomotion in dogs (STEUDEL) 154, 273,

287Of shrimp muscle cells (MEYHOFER AND

DANIEL) 151, 435

Of six-legged runners (FULL AND TU) 148,129

Of the backbone, in the blue marlin(HEBRANK, HEBRANK, LONG, BLOCK AND

WAINWRIGHT) 148, 449

Mechanoreceptor:Modulation of, in crustaceans (PASZTOR

AND MACMILLAN) 152, 485

Membrane:Effect of temperature acclimation on lipids

in carp nerve (HARPER, WATT, HANCOCKAND MACDONALD)154, 305

Membrane conductance:Of light-stimulated crayfish photoreceptors

(PICONES AND ARECHIGA) 150, 111

Metabolic depression:In a land snail (BROOKS AND STOREY) 151,

193Metabolic rate:

Depression of, in a land snail (WHITWAMAND STOREY) 154, 321

In chinook salmon (ROMBOUGH ANDMOROZ) 154, 1

In swimming Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS ANDWELLS) 154, 383

Of honeybees (LIGHTON AND LOVEGROVE)

154, 509Of swimming sharks (GRAHAM, DEWAR,


Metabolism:In trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,

WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 491

Of exercised crabs (LALLIER AND WALSH)154, 581

Ontogeny of, in a frog (BURGGREN,INFANTINO AND TOWNSEND) 1 5 2 , 129

Methaemoglobin:Oxygen affinity in carp red cells (JENSEN)

152, 149Method:

Effect of sampling rate on analysis ofelectromyograms (JAYNE, LAUDER,REILLY AND WAINWRIGHT) 1 5 4 , 5 5 7

Micropterus dolomieui:Effect of temperature on heart muscle

(BAILEY AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239

Mictyris longicarpus:Escape reaction (NALBACH) 148, 483

XXX Index of Subjects

Midgut:Of Manduca sexta, alkalization of the

lumen (CHAMBERLIN) 150, 467Of Manduca sexta, ion transport


Transport of leucine in an insect (SACCHI,G1ORDANA, CAMPAN1NI, BONFANTI AND

HANOZET) 149, 207

Migration:Vertical, by oplophorid shrimps (SANDERS

AND CH1LDRESS) 1 5 2 , 167

Mitochondria:Of Solemya reidi, oxidation of sulphide

(O'BRIEN AND VETTER) 149, 133

Modelling:Of directional hearing in trout (SCHELLART


Modulation:Of insect muscle by octopamine (O'GARA

AND DREWES) 149, 161Mollusc:

Control of heart rate in Clione limacina(ARSHAVSKY, DELIAGINA, GELFAND,

ORLOVSKY, PANCHIN, PAVLOVA AND

POPOVA) 148, 461

Plateau-generating nerve cells in Helix(PIN, CREST, EHILE, JACQUET AND GOLA)

152, 189; (CREST, EHILE, PIN, WATANABE

AND GOLA) 152, 211

Moment of inertia:Of bird wings (KIRKPATRICK) 151, 489

Monkey:Role of afferent activity in neocortical

function (JONES) 153, 155Monodelphus domestica:

Newborn, properties of the centralnervous system (NICHOLLS, STEWART,ERULKAR AND SAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1

Monopterus albus:Transport of glucose by erythrocytes (TSE

AND YOUNG) 148, 367

Morphology:Of limbs, effect on cost of locomotion

(STEUDEL) 154, 273

Morphometrics:Of butterfly flight (DUDLEY) 150, 35

Motion detection:In locust brain (RIND) 149, 1, 21

Motor neurone:Effect of L-glutamate in the locust (DUBAS)

148, 501Synapse development (FRANK AND

MENDELSON) 153, 71

Motor programme:In the crab ventilatory system (DICAPRIO)

154, 519

Moulting:Acceleration of, in firebrats (BUCK AND

EDWARDS) 151, 341Electrolyte and gas exchange in crayfish

(WHEATLY AND IGNASZEWSKl) 1 5 1 , 469

Mouse:Mutants, synaptogenesis in the cerebellum

(SOTELO) 153, 225Movement:

Of the eye of a deep-sea ostracod (LANDAND NILSSON) 148, 221

Of the eyes in walking crabs (BARNES) 154,99

Of the eyes in walking crabs (PAUL,NALBACH AND VARjO) 154 , 8 1

Muscle:Acetylcholine-activated ion channels in

Ascaris suum (PENNINGTON AND MARTIN)154, 201

Aerobic, ultrastructure of, in antarctic fish(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205

Analysis of electromyograms (JAYNE,LAUDER, REILLY AND WAINWRIGHT) 1 5 4 ,557

Anterior byssus retractor of the mussel,intracellular pH (ZANGE, PORTNER, JANSAND GRIESHABER) 150, 81

Calcium utilization (BROOKS, HUDDART,LENNARD AND HILL) 149, 379

Chill-coma temperature in insects (GOLLERAND ESCH) 150, 221

Contractions of the squid stellate ganglion(SANCHEZ, NUNO, BUCHANAN ANDAUGUSTINE) 152, 369

Effect of prestretch on work output(ETTEMA, HUUING, VAN INGEN SCHENAUAND DE HAAN) 152, 333

Effect of sprint training on metabolism int r o u t (PEARSON, SPRIET AND STEVENS)

149, 45Effect of taurine (GALLER, HUTZLER AND

HALLER) 152, 255Effect of temperature on fish heart (BAILEY

AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239Effect of temperature on shortening

velocity (ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER)154, 163

Fibre type use in a lizard (JAYNE, BENNETTAND LAUDER) 152, 101

Force maintenance in the barnacle(IWAMOTO, MURAOKA, GOTO AND SUGl)148, 281

Force production in running insects (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 150 , 2 3 3

Hypaxial, locomotor action in a lizard(CARRIER) 152, 453

Inhibitory innervation (WOLF) 150, 55

Index of Subjects XXXI

Insect, modulation by octopamine (O'GARAAND DREWES) 149, 161

Ischaemic, from rat, effect of stimulation(CORSI, GRANATA AND HUDLICKA) 152,

265Mechanical power output in a moth(STEVENSON AND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61

Mechanical properties of, in shrimp(MEYHOFER AND DANIEL) 151, 435

Power output in flying birds (MARDEN) 149,511

Power output in swimming fish(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 148, 395

Regulation of intracellular pH in musselA B R M (ZANGE, GRIESHABER AND JANS)

150, 95Role of series elastic structures (ETTEMA,

VAN SOEST AND HUIJING) 154, 121

Scaling effects on function (ALTRINGHAMAND JOHNSTON) 151, 453

Muskrat:Myosin ATPase activity (MCKEAN) 149, 499

Mussel:Intracellular pH of a catch muscle (ZANGE,

PORTNER, JANS AND GRIESHABER) 150, 81

Regulation of pH in ABRM (ZANGE,GRIESHABER AND JANS) 150, 95

Mutant:Mice, synaptogenesis in the cf-ebellum

(SOTELO) 153, 225Myosin:

ATPase activity in rodents (MCKLAN) 149,499

Myotis lucifugus:Arrhythmic breathing during hibernation

(THOMAS, CLOUTIER AND GAGNE) 149, 395

Myoxocephalus scorpius:Muscle power output (ALTRINGHAM AND

JOHNSTON) 148, 395Mytilus edulis:

Intracellular pH of a catch muscle (ZANGE,PORTNER, JANS AND GRIESHABER) 150, 81

Regulation of pH in ABRM (ZANGE,GRIESHABER AND JANS) 150, 95

Myxine glutinosa:Cardiovascular dynamics (AXELSSON,

FARRELL AND NILSSON) 151, 297

Nautilus pompilius:Locomotor energetics (O'DOR, WELLS AND

WELLS) 154, 383Navigation:

In American and Italian pigeons(BENVENUTI, BROWN, GAGLIARDO ANDNOZZOLINI) 148, 235

Negaprion brevirostris:Swimming performance (GRAHAM, DEWAR,

LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 151, 175

Neptunea antique.Temperature sensitivity of haemocyanin

(BRIX, CONDO, COLOSIMO AND GIARDINA)149, 417

Nerve:Effect of acclimation on conduction

(HARPER, WATT, HANCOCK ANDMACDONALD) 154, 305

Nerve graft:Regeneration of axons along a

transplanted nerve (AGUAYO, BRAY,RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER, CARTER ANDVIDAL-SANZ) 153, 199

Nervous system:Of the locust (BRAUNIG) 148, 313

Neural control:Of walking in locusts (WOLF) 152, 281Of cutaneous vascular resistance in the

bullfrog (MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425Neuromodulation:

Of a locust stretch receptor by octopamine(RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD) 149, 255

Of crustacean stretch receptors (PASZTORAND MACMILLAN) 152, 485

Neuromuscular junction:Ca2+ channels and transmitter release

(FENG AND DAl) 153, 129Regulation of (ATWOOD AND GOVIND) 153,

105Role of agrin in synapse formation

(MAGILL-SOLC AND MCMAHAN) 153, 1Neurone:

Crustacean, culture of (GRAF AND COOKE)149, 521

Plateau-generating, in Helix (PIN, CREST,

EHILE, JACQUET AND GOLA) 152, 189;(CREST, EHILE, PIN, WATANABE AND GOLA)

152, 211Neuropeptides:

FMRFamide-like, distribution of, in thelocust (ROBB AND EVANS) 149, 335

From Helix aspersa (PRICE, LESSER, LEE,DOBLE AND GREENBERG) 154, 421

Neuropharmacology:Of L-glutamate (DUBAS) 148, 501

Neurotransmitter:Effect of L-glutamate on locust flight

motoneurones (DUBAS) 148, 501Release at the neuromuscular junction

(FENG AND DAI) 153, 129Nitrite:

Effect on red cell function in carp(JENSEN) 152, 149

XXXII Index of Subjects

Noctiluca miliaris:Distribution of ion channels (OAMI, NAITOH

AND SIBAOKA) 150, 473

Nodes of Ranvier:In lizard neurones, membrane currents

(BENOIT) 151, 405

Nonspiking interneurone:Controlling crayfish abdominal posture

(TOGA, TAKAHATA AND HISADA) 148, 477

In a joint-control loop in the stick insect(BUSCHGES) 151, 133

Noradrenaline:Effect on trout respiration (AOTA,

HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)151, 57

Norepinephrine:In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,

295Nostrils:

Role in breathing in Rana pipiens (VITALISAND SHELTON) 154, 537

Notopterus chitala:Kinematics of feeding (SANFORD AND

LAUDER) 154, 137Notothenis gibberifrons:

Ultrastructure of aerobic muscle(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205

Octopamine:A modulator of crustacean stretch

receptors (PASZTOR AND MACMILLAN)

152, 485Effects on cricket muscle (O'GARA AND

DREWES) 149, 161Modulation of a locust stretch receptor

(RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD) 149, 255

Octopus vulgaris:Urine production (WELLS AND WELLS) 152,

583Vascular elasticity (SHADWICK AND

NILSSON) 152, 471

Ocypode ceratophthalmus:Visual system (ZEIL) 152, 573

Ommatidial angles:In Mantispa styriaca (EGGENREICH AND

KRAL) 148, 353

Oncorhynchus mykiss:Control of red cell metabolism (WOOD,

WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 491

Effect of catecholamines on respiration(AOTA, HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER ANDRANDALL) 151, 57

Ion fluxes across the gills (GOSS ANDWOOD) 152, 521, 549

Oxygen uptake by phagocytes(NAGELKERKE, PANNEV1S, HOULIHAN ANDSECOMBES) 154, 339

Red blood cell metabolism (WALSH, WOOD,THOMAS AND PERRY) 154, 475

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha:Surface area-metabolism relationships

(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1

Ondatra zibethicus:Myosin ATPase activity (MCKEAN) 149, 499

Oniscidea:Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT AND

MACHIN) 154, 13

Oniscus asellus:Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT AND

MACHIN) 154, 13

Ontogeny:Of metabolism and heart function in a

frog (BURGGREN, INFANTINO AND

TOWNSEND) 152, 129

Oplophorus gracilirostris:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND

CHILDRESS) 152, 167

Opsanus beta:Accumulation of Hepes in hepatocytes

(WALSH) 148, 495

Optic tectum:Topographic cell map (TRISLER) 153, 11

Optical system:Of Xenopus, effect of magnetic fields

(LEUCHT) 148, 325

Optomotor response:Control of, in flying locusts (HENSLER AND

ROWELL) 149, 191

Oreochromis alcalicus grahami:Effects of reducing water pH (WRIGHT,

PERRY, RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN)151, 361

Oreochromis mossambicus:Effect of acid exposure (VAN WAARDE, VAN

DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART, VERHAGEN,

ERKELENS, WENDELAAR BONGA, ADDINK

AND LUGTENBURG) 154, 223

Magnesium transport across the intestine(VAN DER VELDEN, GROOT, FLIK, POLAK

AND KOLAR) 152, 587

Oreohelix:Aestivation (REES AND HAND) 152, 77

Organic phosphates:Effect on fish haemoglobins (PELSTER AND

WEBER) 149, 425

Orientation:In American and Italian pigeons

(BENVENUTI, BROWN, GAGLIARDO AND

NOZZOLINI) 148, 235

Orthoptera:Evaporative cooling in grasshoppers

(PRANGE) 154, 463

Index of Subjects XXXIII

Oscillation:Of glial membrane potential (SCHOFIELD)

148, 335Oscillatory work:

By fish muscle (ALTRINGHAM ANDJOHNSTON) 151, 453

Osmoregulation:In a land crab (GREENAWAY, TAYLOR AND

MORRIS) 152, 505In Artemia salina (HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND

ROER) 151, 279In embryonic skates (GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND

BLUM) 150, 449In Manduca sexta (DOW AND O'DONNELL)

150, 247Osteoglossomorph fish:

Kinematics of feeding (SANFORD ANDLAUDER) 154, 137

Osteoglossum bicirrhosum:Kinematics of feeding (SANFORD AND

LAUDER) 154, 137Ostracod:

Eye movements in Macrocypridinacastanea (LAND AND NILSSON) 148, 221

Partial pressure of, in carp gill (GLASS,ANDERSEN, KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS ANDHEISLER) 148, 1

Otala lactea:Metabolic control in aestivation (BROOKS

AND STOREY) 151, 193Regulation of pyruvate kinase (WHITWAM

AND STOREY) 154, 321Outgrowth:

Of axonal processes in the developing frogretina (FRASER AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61

Oxidation:Of sulphide by mitochondria in a bivalve

(O'BRIEN AND VETTER) 149, 133Oxygen:

Chemosensitivity in the crab (SIMMERS ANDTRUCHOT) 148, 181

Oxygen affinity:Of carp methaemoglobin (JENSEN) 152,

149Oxygen binding:

By shrimp haemocyanin (SANDERS ANDCHILDRESS) 152, 167

By squid haemocyanin (PORTNER) 150, 407To gastropod haemocyanin (BRIX, CONDO,

COLOSIMO AND GIARDINA) 149, 417Oxygen consumption:

By an aestivating land snail (REES ANDHAND) 152, 77

By trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 9 1

During development in a frog (BURGGREN,INFANTINO AND TOWNSEND) 1 5 2 , 129

In hibernating bats (THOMAS, CLOUTIER ANDGAGNE) 149, 395

In little penguins (JOHANNESEN AND NICOL)154, 397

In swimming Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS ANDWELLS) 154, 383

Of insects running uphill (FULL ANDTULLIS) 149, 307

Oxygen transport:By crab haemolymph (LALLIER AND

WALSH) 154, 581

Oxygen uptake:By trout blood cells (NAGELKERKE,

PANNEVIS, HOULIHAN AND SECOMBES) 1 5 4 ,339

Cutaneous, in bullfrogs (PINDER ANDFEDER) 154, 67

Oxygen-carrying capacity:Of fish haemoglobins (PELSTER AND WEBER)

149, 425

Pachygrapsus marmoratus:Eye movements during walking (PAUL,

NALBACH AND VARJu) 1 5 4 , 8 1

Pacifastacus leniusculus:Effect of taurine on heart muscle fibres

(GALLER, HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152, 255

Palaemon elegans:Water permeability (CAMPBELL AND JONES)

150, 145Palaemon longirostris:

Water permeability (CAMPBELL AND JONES)150, 145

Palaemonetes varians:Water permeability (CAMPBELL AND JONES)

150, 145Pandalus danae:

Mechanics of extensor muscle cells(MEYHOFER AND DANIEL) 151, 435

Pantodon buchholzi:Kinematics of feeding (SANFORD AND

LAUDER) 154, 137

Parabuteo unicinctus:Aerodynamics of gliding flight (TUCKER

AND HEINE) 149, 469Lift and power output in flight (MARDEN)

149, 511Profile drag coefficients (TUCKER) 149, 449

Parasite drag:Of a falcon (TUCKER) 149, 449

Parasphendale agrionina:Evasive flight manoeuvres (YAGER, MAY

AND FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND MAY)152, 41

XXXIV Index of Subjects

Patch-clamp:Used to study acetylcholine channels

(PENNINGTON AND MARTIN) 1 5 4 , 201

Used to study ion channels in cockroachneurones (MAL£COT AND SATTELLE) 151,

495Used to study ion channels in locust

muscle (MILLER AND USHERWOOD) 154,

45Used to study Na+ current in isolated

cockroach neurones (LAPIED, MALECOTAND PELHATE) 151, 387

Pattern generation:By locust forewing stretch receptors

(PEARSON AND RAMIREZ) 1 5 1 , 317Patterning:

Neuronal, in the developing frog retina(FRASER AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61

Pectoral fin reflex:In the dogfish (PAUL AND ROBERTS) 148,

403Pedal neurones:

Role in the control of locomotion in asnail (DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152, 405

Pelvis:Role in ventilation in the pigeon (BAUMEL,

WILSON AND BERGREN) 151, 263Penguin:

Oxygen extraction by (JOHANNESEN ANDNICOL) 154, 397

Pentose phosphate shunt:In trout red cells (WALSH, WOOD, THOMAS

AND PERRY) 154, 475

Peptide:FMRFamide in the C3 neurone of Helix

(BEWICK, COTTRELL AND PRICE) 1 4 8 , 201

Peptide sequences:For cardioactive peptides from Helix

aspersa (PRICE, LESSER, LEE, DOBLE AND

GREENBERG) 154, 421

Perca flavescens:Effect of temperature on heart muscle


Peregrine falcon:Body drag (TUCKER) 149, 449

Performance:Of ischaemic rat slow muscles (CORSI,

GRANATA AND H U D L I C K A ) 1 5 2 , 2 6 5

Of swimming carp, effect of temperature(ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 1 5 4 , 163

Pericyte:In the squid stellate ganglion (SANCHEZ,

NUNO, BUCHANAN AND AUGUSTINE) 152,369

Periplaneta americana:Control of cuticular water permeability

(CROGHAN AND N O B L E - N E S B I T T ) 1 4 9 , 505

Cost of terrestrial locomotion (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 1 5 0 , 233

Current flow across the blood-brainbarrier (SMITH AND SHIPLEY) 154, 371

Energetics of uphill running (FULL ANDTULLIS) 149, 307

GABA-activated chloride channels(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495

Oscillations of glial membrane potential(SCHOFIELD) 148, 335

Sodium current in isolated neurones(LAPIED, MAL£COT AND PELHATE) 151, 387

Permeability:Control of, in insect cuticle (CROGHAN AND

NOBLE-NESBITT) 149, 505

Of euryhaline prawns (CAMPBELL ANDJONES) 150, 145

pH:Effect on Oreochromis (WRIGHT, PERRY,

RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN) 1 5 1 , 361

Extracellular, in hypercapnic toads andfrogs (TOEWS AND STIFFLER) 148, 293

Gradient across Manduca sexta midgut(DOW AND O'DONNELL) 150, 247

In midgut of Manduca sexta (CHAMBERLIN)150, 467

In the carp red cell (JENSEN) 152, 149Intracellular, in acid-exposed fish (VAN

WAARDE, VAN DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART,VERHAGEN, ERKELENS, WENDELAARBONGA, ADDINK AND LUGTENBURG) 1 5 4 ,

223Intracellular, in mussel ABRM (ZANGE,

PORTNER, JANS AND GRIESHABER) 150 , 8 1

Intracellular, in trout red cells (NIKINMAA,TIIHONEN AND PAAJASTE) 154, 257

Intracellular, of squid haemocytes(HEMING, VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANI)

148, 385Intracellular, of toadfish hepatocytes

(WALSH) 148, 495

Of trout red blood cells (PLAYLE, MUNGERAND WOOD) 152, 353

Of water, effect on acidification of expiredwater in trout (LIN AND RANDALL) 149,149

Regulation in mussel catch muscle (ZANGE,GRIESHABER AND JANS) 150 , 95

Phagocytes:Oxygen uptake by (NAGELKERKE,


Index of Subjects xxxv

Philosamia cynthia:Leucine uptake in the midgut (SACCHI,

GIORDANA, CAMPAN1NI, BONFANTI AND

HANOZET) 149, 207

Phonotaxis:In flying crickets (MAY AND HOY) 149, 177

Phormia regina:Energy processing (HAINSWORTH, FISHER

AND PRECUP) 150, 257

Photoinactivation:Of barnacle interneurones (GWILLIAM AND

STUART) 151, 83

Photoreceptors:In crayfish (PICONES AND ARECHIGA) 150,

111pH-stat:

Used to measure alkalization in eelintestine (ANDO AND SUBRAMANYAM) 150,381

Pigeon:Effects of intranasal anaesthetics

(DORNFELDT AND BILO) 149, 95

Homing in American and Italian pigeons(BENVENUTI, BROWN, GAGLIARDO AND

NOZZOUNI) 148, 235

Ventilatory movements of the pelvis(BAUMEL, WILSON AND BERGREN) 151, 263

Pike:Fast-start performance (HARPER AND

BLAKE) 150, 321

Pill bug:Stretch receptor organs (NIIDA, SADAKANE

AND YAMAGUCHl) 149, 515Pipistrellus pipistrellus:

Intermittent gliding flight (THOMAS, JONES,RAYNER AND HUGHES) 149, 407

Resting ventilation rate (HAYS, WEBB,FRENCH AND SPEAKMAN) 150, 443

Placentals:Arousal from hibernation (GEISER AND

BAUDINETTE) 151, 349

Planorbis corneus:Control of locomotion (DELIAGINA AND

ORLOVSKY) 152, 389, 405

Plasticity:In the development of the mammalian

visual cortex (KALIL) 153, 261Of postsynaptic neurones (HAMORI) 153,

251Of synapses in the cerebellum (SOTELO)

153, 225Synaptic, in the mammalian visual cortex

(SINGER) 153, 177

Pleopods:Ventilatory cycling during water vapour

absorption (WRIGHT AND MACHIN) 154, 13

3IP-NMR:Used to study acid-base balance (VAN

WAARDE, VAN DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART,

VERHAGEN, ERKELENS, WENDELAAR

BONGA, ADDINK AND LUGTENBURG) 154,223

Polar curve:For falcon flight (TUCKER) 149, 449For hawk flight (TUCKER AND HEINE) 149,

469Porcellio scaber:

Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT ANDMACHIN) 154, 13

Portunus xantusii:Luminescent flash avoidance (GROBER) 148,

415, 427Potassium:

Release from carp red cells (JENSEN) 152,149

Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,367

Transport across Manduca sexta midgut(DOW AND O'DONNELL) 150, 247

Uptake across the gills of rainbow trout(GOSS AND WOOD) 152, 521, 549

Uptake in bivalves (DIETZ AND BYRNE) 150,395

Potassium channel:In cultured locust muscle (MILLER AND

USHERWOOD) 154, 45In growth cones of Helix neurones (GREEN,

POWELL AND C O T T R E L L ) 1 4 9 , 78

In lizard nodal membranes (BENOIT) 151,405

Potassium currents:In Drosophila muscle (SINGH AND WU) 152,

59Potential:

In insect flight muscle (GOLLER AND ESCH)150, 221

Power:Of flying birds (MARDEN) 149, 511Output of moth flight muscle (STEVENSON

AND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61Output of muscle in swimming fish

(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 148, 395Requirements for bumblebee flight

(DUDLEY AND ELLINGTON) 148, 53Praying mantis:

Coordination of strike movements(CORRETTE) 148, 147

Evasive flight manoeuvres (YAGER, MAYAND FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND MAY)

152, 41Predictability:

Of jaw muscle activity in cats (GANS,GORNIAK AND MORGAN) 1 5 1 , 1

XXXVI Index of Subjects

Prestretch:Effect on muscle work (ETTEMA, VAN SOEST

AND HUIJING) 154, 121Effect on work output of rat muscle

(ETTEMA, HUUING, VAN INGEN SCHENAUAND DE HAAN) 152, 333

Prey capture:In Mantispa styriaca (EGGENREICH AND

KRAL) 148, 353

In the praying mantis (CORRETTE) 148, 147Proboscis:

Taste sensitivity in Sarcophaga (MITCHELL,SMITH, ALBERT AND WHITEHEAD) 150, 19

Proboscis muscle:Of a mollusc, calcium utilization (BROOKS,

HUDDART, LENNARD AND HILL) 149, 379

Procambarus clarkii:Directional sensitivity of the equilibrium

system (NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 152,305

Dual motor output interneurones(MURCHISON AND LARIMER) 150, 269

Identified nonspiking interneurones (TOGA,TAKAHATA AND HISADA) 148, 477

Inhibition of escape (BEALL, LANGLEY AND

EDWARDS) 152, 577

Modulation of retinal sensitivity(ARECHIGA, BANUELOS, FRIXIONE, PICONESAND RODRfGUEZ-SOSA) 150, 123

Moulting (WHEATLY AND IGNASZEWSKl)151, 469

Properties of retinal photoreceptors(PICONES AND ARECHIGA) 150, 111

Uropod proprioceptors (FIELD, NEWLANDAND HISADA) 154, 179

Vibration-sensitive statocyst interneurone(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 149, 361

Proctolin:A modulator of crustacean stretch

receptors (PASZTOR AND MACMILLAN)152, 485

Proline:Transport by starfish pyloric caeca

(AHEARN) 150, 453Proprioceptor:

In the locust forewing (PEARSON ANDRAMIREZ) 151, 317

On crayfish uropods (FIELD, NEWLAND ANDHISADA) 154, 179

Pycnopodia helianthoides:Proline transport by starfish pyloric caeca

(AHEARN) 150, 453Pyloric caeca:

Of starfish, proline transport (AHEARN)150, 453

Pyruvate kinase:Regulation of, in a snail (WHITWAM AND

STOREY) 154, 321

Quinidine:Used to block K+ currents in Drosophila

muscle (SINGH AND WU) 152, 59Quisqualate:

Initiates leech swimming (BRODFUEHRERAND COHEN) 154, 567

Radar:Used to measure ventilation rate in a bat

(HAYS, WEBB, FRENCH AND SPEAKMAN)150, 443

Radioimmunoassay:Used to measure distribution of

neuropeptides in the locust (ROBB ANDEVANS) 149, 335

Rainbow trout:Acidification of expired water (LIN AND

RANDALL) 149, 149Chloride uptake (BATTRAM AND EDDY) 148,

489Control of red cell metabolism (WOOD,

WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 154, 491Effect of catecholamines on respiration

(AOTA, HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER ANDRANDALL) 151, 57

Effects of catecholamines on respiration(PLAYLE, MUNGER AND WOOD) 152, 353

Fast-start performance (HARPER ANDBLAKE) 150, 321

Ion fluxes across the gills (GOSS ANDWOOD) 152, 521, 549

Red blood cell metabolism (WALSH, WOOD,THOMAS AND PERRY) 154, 475

Role of the spleen (WELLS AND WEBER)150, 461

Raja eglanteria:Accumulation of taurine in embryonic

heart (GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 150,449

Ram ventilation:In tuna (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER, BUSHNELL

AND HEIEIS) 149, 491Ram-gill ventilation:

In swimming sharks (GRAHAM, DEWAR, LAI,LOWELL AND ARCE) 151, 175

Rana catesbeiana:Autonomic control of cutaneous vascular

resistance (MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425Compensation of hypercapnia (TOEWS AND

STIFFLER) 148, 293Cutaneous gas exchange (PINDER AND

FEDER) 154, 67

Index of Subjects XXXVII

Rana pipiens:Mechanism of ventilation (VITALIS AND

SHELTON) 154, 537

Rat:Effect of prestretch on muscle work

O u t p u t (ETTEMA, HUIJING, VAN 1NGEN

SCHENAU AND DE HAAN) 152 , 3 3 3

Role of series elastic structures in musclework (ETTEMA, VAN SOEST AND HUIJING)

154, 121Receptor:

For acetylcholine in a cockroach motorneurone (DAVID AND SATTELLE) 151, 21

For octopamine on cricket muscle (O'GARAAND DREWES) 149, 161

Recruitment:Of crustacean synapses (ATWOOD AND

GOVIND) 153, 105

Red blood cell:Control of metabolism, in trout (WOOD,

WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 9 1

Metabolism of, in trout (WALSH, WOOD,THOMAS AND PERRY) 154 , 475

Of trout, adrenergic control of pH(NIKINMAA, THHONEN AND PAAJASTE) 154,257

Transport of amino acids in hagfish(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,355. 154, 257

Red blood cells:Effects of catecholamines in trout (PLAYLE,

MUNGER AND WOOD) 152, 353Function in carp (JENSEN) 152, 149

Re-development:Of leech synapses (ZHANG, ZHU, WANG,

ZHANG AND zou) 153, 47

Reflectance basking:In butterflies (HEINRICH) 154, 31

Reflex response:To hypoxia in catfish (BURLESON AND

SMATRESK) 154, 407

Regeneration:Of appendages in moulting firebrats (BUCK

AND EDWARDS) 1 5 1 , 341

Of retinal ganglion cell axons (AGUAYO,BRAY, RASMINSKY, ZW1MPFER, CARTER AND

VIDAL-SANZ) 153, 199Respiration:

Air-sac function in the chicken(BRACKENBURY AND AMAKU) 152, 93

Fictive, in the newborn opossum(NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR AND

SAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1

In a desert ant (LIGHTON) 151, 71In Rana pipiens (VITALIS AND SHELTON)

154, 537

In trout, effect of catecholamines (AOTA,HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)

151, 57Measured in resting bats (HAYS, WEBB,

FRENCH AND SPEAKMAN) 150 , 443

Ventilatory movements in the pigeon(BAUMEL, WILSON AND BERGREN) 151, 263

Respiratory burst:In trout blood cells (NAGELKERKE,


Respiratory exchange ratio:In trout red cells (PLAYLE, MUNGER AND

WOOD) 152, 353Responses:

Of a crab to luminescent flashes (GROBER)148, 415, 427

Resting potential:In an identified cockroach neurone (DAVID

AND SATTELLE) 151, 21Retina:

Synaptogenesis after axotomy (AGUAYO,BRAY, RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER, CARTER ANDVIDAL-SANZ) 153, 199

Topographic cell map (TRISLER) 153, 11Retinal sensitivity:

Modulation of, in crayfish (ARF.CHIGA,BANUELOS, FR1XIONE, PICONES ANDRODRI'GUEZ-SOSA) 150, 123

Retinogeniculate pathway:Development of (so, CAMPBELL AND

LIEBERMAN) 153, 85Retzius cell:

Mapping of ion channels (GARCJA,GRUMBACHER-REINERT, BOOKMAN AND

REUTER) 1 5 0 , 1

Synaptic development in the leech(ZHANG, ZHU, WANG, ZHANG AND ZOU)

153, 47Rhythmic bursting:

Of Aplysia neurones (KLEINFELD, PARSONS,RACCUIA-BEHLING, SALZBERG AND OBAID)154, 237

Rock lobster:Sensory influences on locomotion (MULLER

AND CLARAC) 148, 89, 113Root effect:

In fish haemoglobins (PELSTER AND WEBER)149, 425

Rubidium:Uptake in bivalves (DIETZ AND BYRNE) 150,

395Running:

Mechanics of, in the cockroach (FULL ANDTU) 148, 129

Rutilus rutilus:Swimming energetics (KAUFMANN) 150, 343

XXXVIII Index of Subjects

Salinity:Effect on permeability of euryhaline

prawns (CAMPBELL AND JONES) 150, 145Salmo gairdneri:

Acidification of expired water (LIN ANDRANDALL) 149, 149

Adrenergic control of red cell pH(NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN AND PAAJASTE) 154,257

Chloride uptake (BATTRAM AND EDDY) 148,489

Effect of sprint training on musclemetabolism (PEARSON, SPRIET ANDSTEVENS) 149, 45

Effects of catecholamines on respiration(PLAYLE, MUNGER AND WOOD) 152, 353

Fast-start performance (HARPER ANDBLAKE) 150, 321

N a + / H + exchange in erythrocytes(COSSINS AND KILBEY) 148, 303

Role of the spleen (WELLS AND WEBER)150, 461

Thresholds for directional hearing(SCHELLART AND BUWALDA) 149, 113


Salmon:Surface area-metabolism relationships

(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1Sampling rate:

Effect on analysis of electromyograms(JAYNE, LAUDER, REILLY ANDWAINWRIGHT) 154, 557

Sarcomere length:In swimming carp (ROME, FUNKE AND

ALEXANDER) 154, 163Sarcophaga bullata:

Coding mechanism for gustatory sensilla(MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT ANDWHITEHEAD) 150, 19

Scales:Loss of, effect on moulting in firebrats

(BUCK AND EDWARDS) 151, 341Scaling:

Of ATP-supplying enzymes in fish muscle(SOMERO AND CH1LDRESS) 149, 319

Of moment of inertia of bird wings(KIRKPATRICK) 151, 489

Of muscle function in cod (ALTRINGHAMAND JOHNSTON) 151, 453

Of respiratory surfaces in salmon(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1

Schistocerca gregaria:Buffering of haemolymph (HARRISON,

WONG AND PHILLIPS) 154, 573Distribution of FMRFamide-like peptides

(ROBB AND EVANS) 149, 335

Potassium channels in cultured muscle(MILLER AND USHERWOOD) 154, 45

Schistocerca nitens:Evaporative cooling (PRANGE) 154, 463

Scope for activity:In fish larvae (KAUFMANN) 150, 343

SCP:And related peptides from Helix aspersa

(PRICE, LESSER, LEE, DOBLE ANDGREENBERG)154, 421

Scyliorhinus canicula:Spinal neuronal activity during the

pectoral fin reflex (PAUL AND ROBERTS)148, 403

Sea urchin:Control of beat frequency of flagella

(ESHEL, SHINGYOJI, YOSHIMURA, GIBBONS,GIBBONS AND TAKAHASHL) 152 , 4 4 1

Semibalanus cariosus:Projection interneurones (GWILLIAM AND

STUART) 151, 83

Sensory feedback:Role in walking in the rock lobster

(MULLER AND CLARAC) 148, 89

Sensory neurone:Synapse development (FRANK AND

MENDELSON) 153, 71

Sepioteuthis lessoniana:Intracellular pH of haemocytes (HEMING,

VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANl) 148, 385Septal nuclei:

Ratio of spine to shaft synapses (RAISMANAND FIELD) 153, 277

Series elastic components:Role in muscle work (ETTEMA, VAN SOEST

AND HUUING) 154, 121

Serotonin:A modulator of crustacean stretch

receptors (PASZTOR AND MACMILLAN)

152, 485Effect on intracellular pH in mussel

A B R M (ZANGE, PORTNER, JANS AND

GRIESHABER) 150, 81

Effect on ion exchange in mussel ABRM(ZANGE, GRIESHABER AND JANS) 150, 95

In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,295

Role in modulation of crayfish retinalsensitivity (ARECHIGA, BANUELOS,FRIXIONE, PICONES AND RODRIGUEZ-SOSA)

150, 123Shaker:

Potassium currents in a Drosophila mutant(SINGH AND wu) 152, 59

Index of Subjects xxxix

Shark:Blood gas transport (LAI, GRAHAM AND

BURNETT) 151, 161

Swimming performance (GRAHAM, DEWAR,LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 1 5 1 , 175

Short-circuit current:Across caterpillar midgut (CHAMBERLIN)

150, 425Shortening velocity:

In barnacle striated muscle (IWAMOTO,MURAOKA, GOTO AND SUGl) 1 4 8 , 2 8 1

Shrimp:Mechanics of extensor muscle cells

(MEYHOFER AND DANIEL) 151, 435

Respiratory function of haemocyanin(SANDERS AND CHILDRESS) 1 5 2 , 167

Single-channel recording:From dissociated cockroach neurones

(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495

Skate:Accumulation of taurine in embryonic

heart (GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 150,449

Skin:Vascular perfusion of, in the bullfrog

(MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425

Skinned fibre:From crayfish muscle, effect of taurine

(GALLER, HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152, 255

Skipjack tuna:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,

BUSHNELL AND HE1E1S) 149 , 4 9 1

Slowpoke:Potassium currents in a Drosophila mutant

(SINGH AND WU) 152, 59

Smailmouth bass:Effect of temperature on heart muscle


Snail:Aestivation in Otala lactea (BROOKS AND

STOREY) 151, 193

Aestivation (REES AND HAND) 152, 77

Calcium channels in heart ventricle cells(BREZDEN AND GARDNER) 150, 187

Cardioactive peptides from Helix aspersa(PRICE, LESSER, LEE, DOBLE AND

GREENBERG) 154, 421

Control of locomotion (DELIAGINA ANDORLOVSKY) 152, 389, 405

Regulation of pyruvate kinase (WHITWAMAND STOREY) 154, 321

Soda lake:Effect of water on Oreochromis (WRIGHT,

PERRY, RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN)

151, 361

Sodium:Effect on magnesium transport across fish

intestine (VAN DER VELDEN, GROOT, FLIK,

POLAK AND KOLAR) 152, 587

Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,367

Uptake across the gills of rainbow trout(GOSS AND WOOD) 152, 521, 549

Uptake by perfused crab gill (BURNETT ANDTOWLE) 149, 293

Sodium channel:In lizard nodal membranes (BENOIT) 151,

405In the membrane of Noctiluca miliaris

(OAMI, NAITOH AND SIBAOKA) 150, 473

Sodium chloride:Transport in Anemia salina (HOLLIDAY,

ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279Sodium current:

In isolated cockroach neurones (LAPIED,MAL£COT AND PELHATE) 151, 387

Sodium/proton exchange:In trout erythrocytes (COSSINS AND KILBEY)

148, 303In trout red cells (NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN AND

PAAJASTE) 154, 257

Soldier crab:Escape reaction (NALBACH) 148, 483

Solemya reidi:Mitochondrial sulphide oxidation (O'BRIEN

AND VETTER) 149, 133

Sound:Production of, in a cicada (YOUNG) 151, 41

Specificity:Neuronal, in the developing frog retina

(FRASER AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61

Of synaptic connections (FRANK ANDMENDELSON) 153, 71

Spinal circuit:In the dogfish pectoral fin reflex (PAUL

AND ROBERTS) 148, 403Spinal reflexes:

In the CNS of the newborn opossum(NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR ANDSAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1

Spleen:Role in exercised trout (WELLS AND

WEBER) 150, 461

Sprint training:Effect on trout muscle metabolism

(PEARSON, SPRIET AND STEVENS) 1 4 9 , 4 5Squalus acanthias:

Role of magnetic statoconia (HANSON,WESTERBERG AND O B L A D ) 1 5 1 , 205

XL Index of Subjects

Squid:Contractions of the stellate ganglion

(SANCHEZ, NUNO, BUCHANAN ANDAUGUSTINE) 152, 369

Effect of pH on haemocyanin (PORTNER)150, 407

Intracellular pH of haemocytes (HEMING,VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANl) 148, 385

Stamina:In trout, effect of training (PEARSON, SPRIET

AND STEVENS) 149, 45Starfish:

Proline transport by starfish pyloric caeca(AHEARN) 150, 453

Statoconia:Magnetic, role in the dogfish (HANSON,

WESTERBERG AND OBLAD) 151, 205

Statocyst interneurone:In the crayfish (NAKAGAWA AND HISADA)

149, 361Steering:

By flying locusts (HENSLER AND ROWELL)149, 191

In flying crickets (MAY AND HOY) 151, 485In flying locusts (WOLF) 150, 55In the flying locust (BAADER) 151, 109

Stereology:Of aerobic muscle in antarctic fish

(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205Stick insect:

Nonspiking interneurones in a joint-control loop (BUSCHGES) 151, 133

Stimulation:Effect on ischaemic rat slow muscles

(CORSI, GRANATA AND HUDLICKA) 152,265

Of rat muscle, effect of prestretch on workOutput (ETTEMA, HUIJ1NG, VAN INGENSCHENAU AND DE HAAN) 152, 333

Stomatogastric ganglion:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)

149, 521Of the locust (BRAUNIG) 148, 313

Storage:Of food energy in blowflies (HAINSWORTH,

FISHER AND PRECUP) 150, 257

Strand receptor:Innervation of, in the locust (BRAUNIG)

148, 313Stretch receptor:

In an isopod (NHDA, SADAKANE ANDYAMAGUCHI) 149, 515

In the locust forewing (PEARSON ANDRAMIREZ) 151, 317

Modulation by octopamine in the locust(RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD) 149, 255

Sulphide:Oxidation by Solemya reidi mitochondria

(O'BRIEN AND VETTER) 149, 133Surface area:

Cutaneous and branchial, in salmon(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1

Surface tension:Role in adhesion by aphids (DIXON,

CROGHAN AND GOWING) 152, 243

Survival:Of Drosophila melanogaster at low

temperature (CZAJKA AND LEE) 148, 245Swimmeret:

Activation of motor output in crayfish(MURCHISON AND LARIMER) 150, 269

Swimming:Effect of temperature on carp (ROME,

FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 154, 163

Effect on blood gas transport in the shark(LAI, GRAHAM AND BURNETT) 151, 161

Energetics of, in fish larvae (KAUFMANN)150, 343

Energetics of, in Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS

AND WELLS) 154, 383Fast-start performance in trout and pike

(HARPER AND BLAKE) 150, 321Fish muscle power output (ALTRINGHAM

AND JOHNSTON) 148, 395

Initiation of, in the leech (BRODFUEHRER

AND COHEN) 154, 567

Of sharks in a water tunnel (GRAHAM,DEWAR, LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 151, 175

Scaling effects on muscle function(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 151, 453

Scaling of ATP-supplying enzymes in fishmuscle (SOMERO AND CHILDRESS) 149,319

Swimming speed:In a teleost adapted to an extremely

alkaline environment (WRIGHT, PERRY,RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN) 151, 361

Symbiosis:In a gutless mollusc (O'BRIEN AND VETTER)

149, 133Synapse:

Between motion-detecting neurones inlocust (RIND) 149, 21

Chemical, between cultured leechneurones (NICHOLLS, LIU, PAYTON ANDKUFFLER) 153, 141

Electrical, between cultured leechneurones (NICHOLLS, LIU, PAYTON AND

KUFFLER) 153, 141

Formation in the cerebellum of mutantmice (SOTELO) 153, 225

Index of Subjects xuRe-development of, in the leech (ZHANG,

ZHU, WANG, ZHANG AND ZOU) 1 5 3 , 47

Regeneration of (HAMORI) 153, 251Regulation of, in crustacean neurones


Role of agrin in formation (MAGILL-SOLCAND MCMAHAN) 153, 1

Transient, in the developingretinogeniculate pathway (so, CAMPBELLAND LIEBERMAN) 153, 85

Synaptic connections:Specificity of (FRANK AND MENDELSON) 153,

71Synaptic plasticity:

In the mammalian visual cortex (SINGER)153, 177

Synaptogenesis:After deafferentation (KAWAMURA, MURASE

AND YUASA) 153, 289

By cultured Aplysia neurones (KLEINFELD,PARSONS, RACCUIA-BEHLING, SALZBERG

AND OBAID) 154, 237

By regenerating mammalian axons(AGUAYO, BRAY, RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER,

CARTER AND VIDAL-SANZ) 153 , 199

In the adult rat brain (RAISMAN AND FIELD)153, 277

In the mammalian central visual pathway(KALIL) 153, 261

Systellapsis debilis:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND

CHILDRESS) 152, 167

Tail muscles:Role in ventilation in the pigeon (BAUMEL,

WILSON AND BERGREN) 1 5 1 , 263

Tailflip:Inhibition of, in a crayfish (BEALL,

LANGLEY AND EDWARDS) 152 , 577

Taste:In the fleshfly (MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT

AND WHITEHEAD) 150, 19

Taurine:Accumulation in embryonic skate heart

(GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 1 5 0 , 449

Effects on skinned muscle fibres (GALLER,HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152 , 255

Teeth:Iron-rich, in the butterflyfish (SPARKS,

MOTTA, SHELLIS, WADE AND MANN) 1 5 1 ,371

Teleogryllus commodus:Cost of terrestrial locomotion (FULL,

ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 150, 2 3 3

Teleogryllus oceanic us:Leg-induced steering in flight (MAY AND

HOY) 151, 485Modulation of muscle by octopamine

(O'GARA AND DREWES) 149, 161

Ultrasound-induced yaw movements inflight (MAY AND HOY) 149, 177

Temperature:Effect of acclimation on carp nerve

(HARPER, WATT, HANCOCK AND

MACDONALD) 154, 305

Effect on arousal from hibernation (GEISERAND BAUDINETTE) 151, 349

Effect on cardiac vagal action in the toad(COURTICE) 149, 439

Effect on fish heart muscle (BAILEY ANDDRIEDZIC) 149, 239

Effect on muscle in carp (ROME, FUNKEAND ALEXANDER) 1 5 4 , 163

Effect on muscle recruitment in a lizard(JAYNE, BENNETT AND LAUDER) 1 5 2 , 101

Effect on N a + / H + exchange in trouterythrocytes (COSSINS AND KILBEY) 148,

303Effect on oxygen binding of gastropod

haemocyanin (BRIX, COND6, COLOSIMO

AND GIARDINA) 149, 417

Effect on permeability of euryhalineprawns (CAMPBELL AND JONES) 150, 145

Effect on power output of moth flightmuscle (STEVENSON AND JOSEPHSON) 149,

61Effect on ventilation in carp (GLASS,

ANDERSEN, KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND

HEISLER) 1 4 8 , 1

Effect on ventilation in honeybees(LIGHTON AND LOVEGROVE) 154, 509

Of chill-coma in insect flight muscle(GOLLER AND ESCH) 150, 221

Tenodera aridifolia sinensis:Coordination of strike movements

(CORRETTE) 148, 147

Tetraclita squamosa:Force maintenance in striated muscle

(iWAMOTO, MURAOKA, GOTO AND SUGl)

148, 281Tetrodotoxin:

Effect on development of the mammalianvisual cortex (KALIL) 153, 261

Thalamus:Plasticity of postsynaptic neurones

(HAMORI) 153, 251

Thermal shock:Effect on survival of Drosophila at low

temperature (CZAJKA AND LEE) 148, 245

XLII Index of Subjects

Thermobia domestica:Instar duration (BUCK AND, EDWARDS) 151,

341Thermoregulation:

In butterflies (HEINRICH) 154, 31

In grasshoppers (PRANGE) 154, 463

Threshold:For directional hearing in fish (SCHELLART


Thunnus albacares:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,

BUSHNELL AND HEIE1S) 149, 491

Tilapia:Magnesium transport across the intestine

(VAN DER VELDEN, GROOT, FLIK, POLAK

AND KOLAR) 152, 587

Tissue culture:Of leech Retzius cells (GARCIA,

GRUMBACHER-REINERT, BOOKMAN AND

REUTER) 150, 1

Tmethis pulchripennis:Evaporative cooling (PRANGE) 154, 463

Toad:Compensation of hypercapnia (TOEWS AND

STIFFLER) 148, 293

Effect of temperature on cardiac vagalaction (COURTICE) 149, 439

Toadfish:Accumulation of Hepes in hepatocytes

(WALSH) 148, 495

Tobacco horn worm:Alkalization of midgut lumen


Ion transport across midgut (CHAMBERLIN)150, 425

Tongue-bite apparatus:Role in fish feeding (SANFORD AND

LAUDER) 154, 137

Tonic response:Of an isopod stretch receptor (NIIDA,

SADAKANE AND YAMAGUCHl) 149, 515

Topographic gradient:Of cell surface proteins (TRISLER) 153, 11

Torpor:Arousal from (GEISER AND BAUDINETTE)

151, 349Training:

Effect on trout muscle metabolism(PEARSON, SPRIET AND STEVENS) 149, 45

Transmitters:In the monkey visual cortex (JONES) 153,

155

Transplantation:Of embryonic brain tissue (RAISMAN AND

FIELD) 153, 277

Of nervous tissue in adult rodents(AGUAYO, BRAY, RASM1NSKY, ZWIMPFER,

CARTER AND VIDAL-SANZ) 1 5 3 , 199

Of rat brain tissue (KAWAMURA, MURASE

AND YUASA) 153, 289

Transport:Of agrin-like molecules in motor neurones

(MAGILL-SOLC AND MCMAHAN) 153, 1Of amino acids in hagfish red cells

(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,355

Of glucose, by fish erythrocytes (TSE ANDYOUNG) 148, 367

Of leucine, by insect midgut (SACCHI,GIORDANA, CAMPAN1NI, BONFANTI AND

HANOZET) 149, 207

Of potassium and rubidium by bivalves(DIETZ AND BYRNE) 150, 395

Of proline by starfish pyloric caeca(AHEARN) 150, 453

Of sodium chloride in Anemia salina(HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279

Trematomus newnesi:Ultrastructure of aerobic muscle

(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205

Triakis semifasciata:Blood gas transport (LAI, GRAHAM AND

BURNETT) 151, 161

Swimming performance (GRAHAM, DEWAR,


Trout:Adrenergic control of red cell pH

(NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN AND PAAJASTE) 154,257

Effect of sprint training on musclemetabolism (PEARSON, SPRIET AND

STEVENS) 149, 45

N a + / H + exchange in erythrocytes(COSSINS AND KILBEY) 148, 303

Oxygen uptake by phagocytes(NAGELKERKE, PANNEVIS, HOULIHAN AND

SECOMBES) 154, 339

Thresholds for directional hearing(SCHELLART AND BUWALDA) 149, 113

Tunnel respirometer:Used to measure cost of swimming in fish

larvae (KAUFMANN) 150, 343

Turning:Induced by ultrasound in flying crickets

(MAY AND HOY) 149, 177Tympanum:

Role in sound production in a cicada(YOUNG) 151, 41

Index of Subjects XL1U

Ultrasonic hearing:In a praying mantis (YAGER, MAY AND

FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND MAY) 152,41

Ultrasonic telemetering:Of swimming Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS AND

WELLS) 154, 383Ultrasound:

Effect on flying crickets (MAY AND HOY)149, 177

Steering responses of flying crickets (MAYAND HOY) 151, 485

Ultrastructure:Of aerobic muscle in antarctic fish

(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205Of ischaemic rat slow muscles (CORSI,

GRANATA AND H U D L I C K A ) 1 5 2 , 265

Unionid:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ

AND BYRNE) 150, 395Urate:

No accumulation in the haemolymph ofexercised crabs (LALLIER AND WALSH)154, 581

Urea excretion:In a teleost adapted to an extremely

alkaline environment (WRIGHT, PERRY,RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN) 1 5 1 , 361

Urine:Formation of, in a land crab (GREENAWAY,

TAYLOR AND MORRIS) 1 5 2 , 505

Production of, in Octopus (WELLS ANDWELLS) 152, 583

Uropod:Proprioceptors in crayfish (FIELD,

NEWLAND AND HISADA) 1 5 4 , 179

Vagus nerve:Effect of section on hypoxic reflexes in

catfish (BURLESON AND SMATRESK) 154,407

Effect on toad heart (COURTICE) 149, 439Varanus exanthematicus:

Speed, temperature and musclerecruitment (JAYNE, BENNETT AND

LAUDER) 152, 101

Variance:A coding mechanism for fly gustatory

sensilla (MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT AND

WHITEHEAD) 150, 19

Vascular pressure:In a swimming shark (LAI, GRAHAM AND

BURNETT) 151, 161

Ventilation:Control of, in the crab (DICAPRIO) 154, 519Discontinuous, in honeybees (LIGHTON

AND LOVEGROVE) 154, 509

During evaporative cooling ingrasshoppers (PRANGE) 154, 463

Effects of catecholamines in trout (PLAYLE,MUNGER AND WOOD) 152, 353

In a desert ant (LIGHTON) 151, 71In cold-exposed penguins (JOHANNESEN

AND NICOL) 154, 397

Mechanism of, in Rana pipiens (VITALISAND SHELTON) 154, 537

Of gills, in carp (GLASS, ANDERSEN,KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 148 ,1

Rate in resting bats (HAYS, WEBB, FRENCHAND SPEAKMAN) 150, 443

Ventilation volume:Of swimming tunas (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,

BUSHNELL AND HEIEIS) 149 , 4 9 1

Ventilatory muscles:In the pigeon (BAUMEL, WILSON AND

BERGREN) 151, 263

Vibrating probe:Used to study current flow across an insect

blood-brain barrier (SMITH AND SHIPLEY)154, 371

Vibration reception:In the crayfish (NAKAGAWA AND HISADA)

149, 361Visceral nervous system:

Of the locust (BRAUNIG) 148, 313Viscosity:

Of shrimp muscle cells (MEYHOFER ANDDANIEL) 151, 435

Vision:Edge fixation in walking flies (OSORIO,

SRINIVASAN AND PINTER) 149 , 281

In a deep-sea ostracod (LAND ANDNILSSON) 148, 221

Modulation of retinal sensitivity in crayfish(ARECHIGA, BANUELOS, FRIXIONE, PICONESAND RODRfGUEZ-SOSA) 150, 123

Of Apis mellifera (IBBOTSON ANDGOODMAN) 148, 255

Properties of crayfish retinalphotoreceptors (PICONES AND ARECHIGA)

150, 111Visual cortex:

Formation of cooperative cell assemblies(SINGER) 153, 177

Influence of action potentials ondevelopment (KALIL) 153, 261

Role of afferent activity in function(JONES) 153, 155

Visual field:In Mantispa styriaca (EGGENREICH AND

KRAL) 148, 353

XLIV Index of Subjects

Visual flow field:In walking crabs (BARNES) 154, 99In walking crabs (PAUL, NALBACH AND

VARJU) 154, 81Visual reflex:

In the pigeon, effect of local anaesthetics(DORNFELDT AND BILO) 149, 95

Visual system:Development of (so, CAMPBELL AND

LIEBERMAN) 153, 85Mammalian, synaptogenesis after axotomy

(AGUAYO, BRAY, RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER,CARTER AND VIDAL-SANZ) 1 5 3 , 199

Motion detection in locust brain (RIND)149, 1, 21

Of a crab (ZEIL) 152, 573The shadow reflex in the barnacle

(GWILLIAM AND STUART) 151, 83Voltage-clamp:

Used to study ion channels in a cockroachneurone (DAVID AND SATTELLE) 151, 21

Used to study Na+ current in isolatedcockroach neurones (LAPIED, MALECOTAND PELHATE) 151, 387

Walking:Activity of common inhibitor

motoneurones in locusts (WOLF) 152, 281Backward, in a crayfish (BEALL, LANGLEY

AND EDWARDS) 152, 577In the rock lobster (MULLER AND CLARAC)

148, 89, 113Role of hypaxial muscles in a lizard

(CARRIER) 152, 453Water:

Absorption of vapour, by isopods (WRIGHTAND MACHIN) 154, 13

Permeability of euryhaline prawns(CAMPBELL AND JONES) 150, 145

Permeability to, of insect cuticle (CROGHANAND NOBLE-NESBITT) 149, 505

Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,367.

Water activity:Threshold for vapour absorption (WRIGHT

AND MACHIN) 154, 13Water balance:

In Octopus (WELLS AND WELLS) 152, 583Water loss:

In a desert ant (LIGHTON) 151, 71Water tunnel:

Used to study shark swimming (GRAHAM,DEWAR, LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 151, 175

White noise analysis:By fly campaniform sensilla (DICKINSON)

151, 219Whitmania pigra:

Development of synapses (ZHANG, ZHU,WANG, ZHANG AND ZOU) 153, 47

Windkessel model:For pressure changes in the circulatory

system of an octopus (SHADWICK ANDNILSSON) 152, 471

Wing:Encoding properties of fly campaniform

sensilla (DICKINSON) 151, 219, 245Moment of inertia, in birds (KIRKPATRICK)

151, 489Morphology of, in bumblebees (DUDLEY

AND ELLINGTON) 148, 19Work:

Effect of prestretch on output of ratmuscle (ETTEMA, HUUING, VAN INGENSCHENAU AND DE HAAN) 152, 333

Enhancement of in rat muscle (ETTEMA,VAN SOEST AND HUUING) 154, 121

Oscillatory, in muscle of swimming fish(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 148, 395

Output of moth flight muscle (STEVENSONAND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61

Partitioning of, in limb-loaded dogs(STEUDEL) 154, 287

Xenopus:Neuromuscular junction (FENG AND DAI)

153, 129Patterning of nerve connections (FRASER

AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61

Xenopus laevis:Effect of magnetic fields on gravity

reception (LEUCHT) 148, 325

Xylocaine:Effect on homing pigeons (DORNFELDT AND

BILO) 149, 95

Yaw:Induced by ultrasound in flying crickets

(MAY AND HOY) 149, 177Yellow perch:

Effect of temperature on heart muscle(BAILEY AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239

Yellowfin tuna:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,

BUSHNELL AND HEIEIS) 149, 491

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Rombough and Moroz on the scaling of surface area and metabolism 1Wright and Machin on water vapour absorption in isopods 13Heinrich on 'reflectance' basking 31Miller and Usherwood on K+ channels in locust muscle 45Pinder and Feder on the effects of boundary layers on gas exchange 67Paul, Nalbach and Varju on eye movements in rock crabs 81Barnes on eye movements in land crabs 99Ettema, Van Soest and Huijing on the role of series elastic structures in muscle 121Sanford and Lauder on kinematics of fish feeding 137Rome, Funke and Alexander on muscle contraction velocity in swimming carp 163Field, Newland and Hisada on crayfish uropod proprioceptors 179Pennington and Martin on acetylcholine channels in Ascaris suum muscle 201Van Waarde, Van Dijk, Van den Thillart. Verhagen, Erkelens, Wendelaar Bonga,

Addink and Lugtenburg on acid-base balance in fish 223Kleinfeld, Parsons, Raccuia-Behling, Salzberg and Obaid on connections formed

by Aplysia neurones 237Nikinmaa, Tiihonen and Paajaste on pH of trout red cells 257Steudel on limb morphology and the cost of running 273Steudel on the cost of internal work 287Harper, Watt, Hancock and Macdonald on temperature acclimation in carp nerve 305Whitwam and Storey on pyruvate kinase from a snail 321Nagelkerke, Pannevis, Houlihan and Secombes on oxygen uptake of trout

phagocytes 339Fincham, Woiowyk and Young on amino acid transport in hagfish red cells 355Smith and Shipley on current flow across a blood-brain barrier 371O'Dor, Wells and Wells on locomotor energetics of Nautilus 383Johannesen and Nlicol on oxygen extraction in little penguins 397Burleson and Smatresk on ventilator/ reflexes in catfish 407Price, Lesser, Lee, Doble and Greenberg on cardioactive peptides from Helix 421Tucker on interference drag and bird bodies 439Prange on evaporative cooling in grasshoppers 463Walsh, Wood, Thomas and Perry on trout red cell metabolism 475Wood, Walsh, Thomas and Perry on the effect of exercise on trout red cells 491Lighton and Lovegrove on a ventilation switch in honeybees 509DiCaprio on a reversal switch interneurone 517Vitalis and Shelton on breathing in Rana pipiens 537Jayne, Lauder, Reilly and Wainwright on the effect of sampling rate on

electromyograms 557Brodfuehrer and Cohen on glutamate-induced swimming in the leech 567Harrison, Wong and Phillips on haemolymph buffering in the locust 573Lallier and Walsh on urate levels in a crab 581INDEX TO VOLUMES 148 to 154 I

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