XI11 The Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands (i) The Middle East (including North Africa)

Ann Williams

The trend of the past few years of more books in the post-1950 period than in the whole of the previous centuries continues. It shows the immediate result of cuts in research.

General and Reference An At1o.s of the Midtlle East. ed. by the Israel Map and Publishing Company (Collier Macmillan) joins the Canibrirlge ~ t l o s of the Middle E~istarid North Africa (CUP) ed. G.H. Blake. J.C. Dewdney and J.K.M. Mitchell. The latter has the edge in format and price. The Cartibridge Encyclolwerlia ofthe Middle East and North Africa, ed. T. Mostyn and A.H. Hourani is well illustrated with maps, tables and photographs. I t will be required for any reference library.

Three Clio bibliographies have come out: F.A. Clements. Suirdi Ambia, R.N. Makar, Egypt: o bibliogrophy, and A.R. Navabpour. Irtin (Clio Press). The Review of Middle Eust Stirdics (Ithaca) is a shorter annual list of the whole area. J.C. Hurewitz (ed.). Diplomccy itz the Nenr teiid Midrlle Eust I535-1952 has been re- issued by Archive Editions (2 vols. 1987) and is very welcome. The same publishers have also brought out the eight volumes of Neglected Ambirr 1892-1962 which at nearly f l .OOO must sadly be beyond most libraries. H. Rahman. Chronology of Islamic history 570-1000 (East-West Islamic studies, Mansell) is a useful handbook. Ira M. Lapidus. A history of Islutnic .~ociety (CUP) has a historical introduction, a section on individual societies and a conclusion on their transforma- tion under technological change. C. Brown (ed.), From nzotlirzo to nietropolis; heritage and change in the Nerir Easfern city (re-issued Darwin Books) is a good introduction to Muslim urbanism.

Western interest in the Middle East from the middle ages to the present day is reflected in three books. C. Bennett (ed.), Atlelrird of Both: ail English scientist arid Arobisf of the carly twelfth century (Warburg Institute) is a valuable collection of essays. J .A. Casada. Sir Richard Birrton: o bibliogruphy (Mansell) shows the continuing interest in this flamboyant traveller. Peter Partner. Arrcb voices: the BBC Arubic Service 1938-88 (BBC. f 14.95) stresses the value of the news service.

Many works on Islamic art are appearing. Three are of particular interest to historians. P.P. Soucek (ed.) Content and context of the visiral arts in the fslomic world (Pennsylvania State U.P.) is specialised. but worth the effort. J. Sweetman, Oriental obsessions: Islorizic inspiration in British and American art and architecture, 1500-1920 (CUP) is another contribution to 'Orientalism'. E. Wilson, Islamic designs (British Museum) is an indispensable handbook.

Islam The volume of books on Islam daunts all but the real specialist. G. E. Grunebaum, Mithamtnodan festivals (Curzon) is a paperback reprint of a classic. P. Bannerman, Islam in perspective: a guide to Islamic society, politics and law (Routledge) looks at Islam from the perspective of the modern world. G . Endress. An infroduction to Islam. trans. C. Hillenbrand (Edinburgh U.P.) and J.L.

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Esposito. Islam: the straight path (OUP) take a longer view. A. al-Azmeh. Islamic law: social and hirtorical contexts (Routledge) is a difficult but important book. L. Binder, Islamic liberalism: a critique of development ideologies (Chicago U.P.) stresses recent developments. M. Rodinson, Europe and the mystique of Islam (Tauris) is another orientalist argument by a great scholar.

Before 1900 A valuable reprint not received in its year of re-issue is S. Vryonis, The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of Islamization from the eleventh through rhejifteenth century (California U.P., 1986) is a classic study for its methodology as well as its information. A.L. Udovitch, The Islamic Middle East, 700-1900: studies in econotnic and sociul history (Darwin Books) is a collection by one of the few good economic historians of the area. B. Masters, The origins of Western economic dotninance in the Middle East: mercantilism and the Islamic economy in Aleppo 1600-1750 (New York: University Studies in Near Eastern Civilization. 12, 1987) is relevant for Middle Eastern and western historians. R.N. Frye. The golden age of Persia: Arabs in the east (Weidenfeld) is a still readable re-issue. D. Morgan, Medieval Persia 1040-1797 (Longman, f 15.95) is a good addition to Longman's history of the Middle East. A.K.S. Lambton, Continuity and change it1 medieval Persia: aspects of administrative. economic and social history 11th-14th century (Tauris) is a collection of articles. W.M. Floor, Commercial conflict between Persia and the Netherlands 1712-18 (University of Durham) is specialised but with interesting implications. E. Ingram. Iran and the British empire 1798-1838: a strategic commentary (Cass) widens our view of the Eastern question.

W.B. Kubiak, A1 Fiistat: its foiindation and early development (American University in Cairo Press, 1987) summarises the results of important excavations. Variorum has again brought out another important collection of articles by David Ayalon. Outsiders in the Iund of Islam: Mamlitks, Mongols and eunuchs. S.D. Goitein, A Mediterranean society: the Jewish communities of the Arab world as portrayed in rhe documents of the Cairo Geniza. V. The individual (California U.P.) is the last. and sadly posthumous, volume of this masterpiece.

J.M. Rogers and R.M. Ward. Siileymun the magnificent (British Museum Publications) is the catalogue of a recent exhibition, but its introduction provides the best up-to-date account of Suleyman's reign. F.M. Gocek. East encounters West: France and the Ottoman empire in the eighteenth century (OUP) contributes to the analysis of western attitudes. R. Kasaha, The Ottoman empire and the world economy: the nineteenth century (State University New York P.) adds to previous studies on the Ottoman economy. P. Mansel, Siiltans in splendour (Andre Deutsch) has superb old photographs. C. lssawi. The Fertile Crescent 1800-1914: a documentary economic history (OUP, f29.50) will be indispensable for this subject.

Modern Middle East: General E. Burke and I.M. Lapidus (eds). Islam, politics and social movements (Tauris) is a wide-ranging collection of essays. C. Bernard, L'konomie des pays arabes: presentation thetnatique des travaitx de la periode 1979-1984 (Paris: C.N.R.S.) is a useful survey. U. Dann. The greutpowers in the Middle East 1919-1939: regional politics in their global context (Holmes and Meier) is a large, sound but expensive survey. A. Hussain. Political terrorism and the state in the Middle East (Mansell) supports the general theme with a solid study. E. Kedourie and S.G. Heim (eds). The economic history of the Middle East (Cass) is matched by a festschrift in Kedourie's honour: E. Ingram (ed.) National and international politics in the Middle East (ibid.). H. Munson. Islam and revolution in the Middle East (Yale U.P.) and D. Pipes, The long shadow: cultitre and politics in the Middle East (Transaction Books) both discuss the impact of religion on politics. Robert

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Brenton Betts. The Drirze (Yale U.P.) is a good volume on their history, society and traditions.

Egypt Egypt is a less popular field of research than it was a few years ago. L. Harris, Egypt: prospects f o r stability (Routledge) is a useful summary of current affairs. J. Beinin and Z. Lockman. Workers on the Nile: nationalism. comntiinisnt, Islam and the Egyptian working class 1882-1954 (Tauris) is a perceptive study. T. Mitchell Coloniring Egypt (CUP f27.50). influenced by Foucault and Derrida, provides a challenging analysis. R.L. Tignor. Egyptian textiles and British capital 1930-1956 (American University i n Cairo Press) is well documented. A. McDermott, Egypt f r o m Nasser to Mirbarak (Croom Helm) is a good general survey.

Iran and Iraq S.A. Arjomand, The turban for the crown: the Islamic revolirtioti in Iran (OUP. f15) shows why the Ayatollahs had their opportunity. This is worked out in more detail by F. Azimi. Iron: the crisis of democracy. F.W. Axelgard New Iraq: the Girlf war and the implications fo r United States policy (Praeger) explains Iraq's point of view. S. Chubin and C. Tripp. Iran and Iruq at wur (Tauris) is the best analysis of this conflict. I t is supplemented by J.A. Gardner's /run and Iraq: a bibliography (Mansell). G . Joffe and K. McLachlan. Iran and Iraq: birilding on the staleniute is an Economist Intelligence Unit report. K. McLachlan, The neglected garden: politics, ecology untl ugricrrltirre in Inin (Tauris) shows the effect of the revolution. R.K. Ramazani. Revolirtionury Ircin: challenge unrl response in the Middle East (Johns Hopkins U.P.) is re-issued a s a paperback and puts the revolution in its Middle East context. M. Rezun, Soviet Union rind Iran: Soviet policy in Irun f r o m the beginnings of /lie Puhluvi tlyriasty irritil the Soviet invrisiori in 1941 (Westview) assesses this aspect of internal affairs.

Israel and the Palestine Question S. Teveth, Bert Girrion: the hirrning groirnd (Robert Hale) is a comprehensive biography. G.T. Abed (ed.). The Pulestiniati econoniy: stitdies in developtnent irncler prolonged occirpatiori (Rout ledge) points out the problems. A. Beker. The United N(itions ant1 Israel: f rom recognition to reprehension (Lexington, Virginia) explains why world opinion has turned from Israel. L. A. Brand, Pulestiriiuns in the Arcrb world: institiition bitilling and the search fo r state (Columbia U.P.) looks at Arab attitudes to Palestinian demands. M.J. Cohen. Palestine to Israel: f r o m rnandnte to independence (Cass) follows his earlier work on Israel. S. Green, Living by the sword: America arid Israel in the Middle East 1968-1987 (Faber) shows the strain in this relationship. Y. Lukncs and A. Batteh (eds), Arab-Israeli conflict: twenty years after the Six Day War (Westview) i s an anniversary volume.

Turkey S. Deringil, Tirrkish foreign policy during the second world wur: an active neirtrality (CUP) looks at the great powers' policies from this perspective. M.H. Dobkin, Smyrna 1922: the destruction of a city (Kent State U.P.) is now in paperback. Z.Y. Hershlag, The contemporury Tirrkish economy (Routledge) provides a background to Turkey's request to join the EEC.

Syria and Lebanon H. Barakat (ed.), Towards a viable Lebanon (Croom Helm) seems like wishful thinking. D. Hopwood. Syria 1945-1986: politics and society (Unwin Hyman) is a sound study. In K. Salibi, A hoiise of many mansions: the histery of Lebanon rediscovered (Tauris). the doyen of Lebanese historians analyses approaches to his country. M. Maoz, Asad. the sphinx of Damascus: a political biogruphy (Weidenfeld) and P. Seale, Asad: the strirggle f o r the Middle East (Tauris) invite comparison with the latter, scoring for style and understanding.

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North Africa H. Michel and J.C. Santucci. Le Maghreb duns le monde arabe, ou les affinites selectives (Paris: C.N.R.S.) is a valuable record. L. Assassi. Non- alignment and Algerian foreign policy (Gower) discusses Algeria’s role. M. Bennoune. The making of contemporary Algeria 1830-1987: colonial upheavals and post-independence development (CUP) is a well balanced collection. H. Roberts. Revolution and resirtance: Algerian politics and the Kabyl question (Society and Culture in the Modern Middle East, 4, Tauris) is another contribution to this original series. W.D. Swearingen. Moroccan mirages: agrarian dream and deceptions 1912-1986 (ibid.) explains how an independent country is stuck in its colonial past. J. Woodford. The ciry of Tunis (M.E.N.A.S.) looks at town planning and social development. R. Lemarchand (ed.). The green and the black: Grrdhufi’s policies in Africa (Indiana U.P.) is balanced and the best of a number of books on the Libyan leader.

Travel lsabella Bird, in Joirrneys in Persia and Kiirdistan (Virago) seems less interested in this area than in some of her other travels. Sir John Chardin, Travels in Persia 1673-1677 (Dover) is a perceptive account. R.B. Cunningham Graham,, Magreb el-Acksa (Century) explores North Africa in the early twentieth century. C. Pick (ed.), Embassy to Cotistanrinople: the letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagir (ibid.) is an accessible reprint of this famous visit.

(ii) Asia Da vid Wash b roo k (India) James Grayson (Korea and Southeast Asia)

India The 1980s witnessed a number of important shifts in the interpretation of South Asian history and the years 1987 and 1988 are particularly noteworthy for having first seen these new trends in research reach the light of publication.

General interest in ‘world systems’ of trade has reawakened concern with India’s ‘maritime’ history during the late medieval and early modern periods. Three new works served further to stake India’s claims to a central place in the international history of merchant capitalism and to put the limited scope of Europe’s ‘expansion’ before the eighteenth century firmly into perspective. M.N. Pearson and Ashin Dasgupta (eds). India and the Indian Ocean 1500-1800 (New Dehli: OUP. 1987, f22.50) provides coverage of several of the most important issues. M.N. Pearson, The Portugirese in India (CUP. 1987, €17.50) surveys the contribution of the ‘first’ Europeans to Indian history. S. Arasaratnam. Merchants, companies and commerce on the Coromandel Coast 1650-1740 (New Delhi: OUP, 1987. f 17.50) explores in depth the major trading link between SE India and SE Asia and chronicles its disruption by European merchants during the early eighteenth century.

The themes of commerce, money and trade also figured large in publications on Mughal India. Shireen Moosvi. The economy ofthe Mughal empire, c.1595 (New Delhi: OUP. 1987, f20) offers a definitive statistical survey of Abu’l Fazl’s ‘Ah- i - Akbari’ and other related sixteenth-and seventeenthxentury documents on Mughal revenue, finance and agricultural production. John F. Richards (ed.), The imperial monetary system of Mughal India (ibid., 1988, Rs 250) contains important essays on the minting. circulation and regulation of specie in the highly developed cash economy of Mughal India. Mughal studies also benefitted greatly from the appearance of Muzaffar Alam, The crisis of empire in Mughal North India: Awadh

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and Pirnjub 1707-1748 (ibid. , 1987. f16). a major monoiraph extending 'revisionist' interpretation of eighteenth-century Mughal 'decline' by relating it to economic expansion and social transformation.

The question of a social transformation. predating European incursion and underlying the rise of the English East India Company to rule in India. forms the analytical core of C.A. Bayly, India and the making of the British empire (CUP, 1988. f17.50). This work represents the first and introductory volume to the projected New Cambridge History of India series and contains an excellent survey of recent research on the periods of transition and of early colonial rule. Also published in the series is Peter Marshall. Bengal: The British bridgehead. Eusrern India 1770-1828 ( ibid. , 1987, f 17.50). which extends the author's well-known writings on the British in Bengal to probe deeply into the local context itself. A detailed study of the relationship between East India Company trade and government and indigenous systems of manufacture is provided by Hameeda Hossain. The corirpany weavers of Berrgcrl: The East lrrdia Cornpany and the organisntion of textile prodirctiori in Bengnf 1750-1813 (New Delhi: OUP. 1988, f 13.50).

The interest stimulated in the West by media representations of the British Raj showed little sign of abating in 1987 and 1988 and several new volumes appeared. Michael Edwardes. The srrhibs und the lotiis (Constable, 1988. f 10.95) celebrates Anglo-Indian exotica. More soberly, Raymond Renford. The nori-oficiul British in India to 1920 (New Delhi: OUP, 1987, f18.50) examines the much neglected sections of British society which were not directly involved in imperial government. Fred Pinn (ed.). The road of tlesfiny - Darjeelirrg Irtters 1839 ( ibid. , f17.50) presents some intriguing correspondence concerning the foundation of those two quintessential institutions of the RiLj. the tea plantation and the hill station. The situation of British women in India received substantial further documentation in Marian Fowler. Below the perrcork fa t i : F i n / ludies of the Rrrj (New York: Viking, 1987, f 12.95); Margaret MacMillan. Woriren of the Rtrj (Thames and Hudson, 1988. f 12.95); Anthony Sattin (ed.). A n Engli.shworitnn iri Indirr. The nieriioirs of Hrrrriet Tytler 1828-1858 (OUP, 1988. f 12.50).

The impact of British culture on the landscape and architecture of India was explored in Thomas Metcalf, A n ir~rpericrl visiotr: Indian crrchitectiire atid the Britlsh Raj (California U.P.. 19x8, $35). Reciprocally. the impact of the Indian 'Orient' on British artistic expression was examined in John Drew, Irrdio urid the ror~inritic imagination (New Delhi: OUP, 1987. f 13.50).

Studies of Indian society under colonial rule appeared i n profusion but their several different angles of approach marked the divergent directions in which research on the subject has gone. David Arnold. Police power arid colortirrl ride in Madras 1859-1947 (New Delhi: OUP. 1987, f27) brings under historical scrutiny one of the last branches of imperial administration to escape scholarly attention. The title of A . K . Bagchi. The evolittion of the State Bank of India. Volirrne 1 . ( ibid. , f25) is highly misleading for i t conceals a wide ranging analysis of the Indian economy under colonialism from one of India's leading historical and applied economists. Sugata Bose. Agrarion Bengal: Economy. society and politics 1919- 1947 (CUP, 1987. f47.50) offers a penetrating study of the political economy of Eastern India, which throws much new light on the distinctive modern history of Bengal.

I n contrast to these 'materialist' perspectives, however. the majority of writings showed an increasing concern with the interpretation of cultural belief and subjective perception. The two essay collections represented by R. Guha (ed.), Subaltern studies IV and V . (New Delhi: OUP, 1988. f12.50 each) reveal a sharp shift in emphasis, in comparison to earlier volumes in the series, away from Marxist analysis and the agenda of class struggle and towards Foucaultian reflection,

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'nativism' and post modernist cultural critique. David Hardiman, The coming of the Devi: Adivusi assertion in Western India (ibid.. 1987, f13.50) attempts to construe low-caste mobilisations during the nationalist period from 'within' the belief systems of the Adivasis themselves. Nicholas Dirks. The hollow crown: The ethnohistory of an Indian kingdom (CUP, 1987, f49.50) focuses on an entirely different level of Indian society and brings much of the analytical apparatus of American cultural anthropology to bear on his problem, but is also primarily interested in indigenous ideology and belief. He launches an extremely important critique of accepted understandings of the caste system. A number of the pioneering writings of 'the father' of Indian 'ethno-history' were published together in Bernard Cohn. An anthropologist among the historians and other essays (New Delhi: OUP, 1988. $48). In the very different vein of formal intellectual history, Tapan Raychaudhuri, Europe reconsidered: Perceptions of the West in nineteenth-century Bengal (ibid.. f 12) explores the reactions to British culture and power of three leading Bengali thinkers.

Elsewhere, writings on the nationalist movement and late colonial period were dominated by the 1985 centenary of the Indian National Congress, which brought forth many volumes of essays on a wide variety of themes, including C. Simmons and M. Shepperdson (eds). Congress and tliepoliticalecononiy of India (Aldershot: Avebury, 1988. f35); S. Wolpert and R. Sissons (eds). Congress and Indian notionalisin: The pre-independence phase (California U.P.. 1988, $48); P. Brass and F.C.R. Robinson. 77ie Indiun Natiotial Congress and lndinn society 1885-1985 (New Delhi: South Asia Books. 1987. $44). Studies of the origins of Pakistan were particularly enriched by David Gilmartin. Empire and 1.sIur~i: Punjab and the nioking of Prtkistun (California U.P.. 1988. 532). which emphasises the religious dimension. And by Anita lnder Singh. The origins of the partition of India 1936- I947 (New Delhi: OUP. 1987, f 12) which explores the ambiguities in British policy.

Books on modern India and Pakistan of particular interest to historians include Louis Dumont (trans. Michael Moffat. Lewis and Alice Morton). A Soirth Indiun srrbcuste: Sociul orgrrnizution und religion of rhe Prarnulni Kallrrr (New Delhi: OUP, 1987, €22.50). which is the first English translation of the celebrated anthropologist's original field study. itself now something of an historical document; Robert Wade. Villuge repirblics: Economic coritlitions for collective action in South India (CUP. 1988. f44.50). which explores the complex interaction between local community structures and the post-colonial state; F. Presler, Religion under bitreaircmcy: Policy nnd administrution for Hindu temples in Soirth India (ibid., f39.50). which takes a longterm view of relations between the state and the institutions of Hindu worship. The title of Akbar Ahmed's Pakistan society: Islam, ethnicity und 'leadership in Soirth Asia (Lahore: OUP, 1987. f 13.50) is self- explanatory. Asis Nandy (ed.), Tradition. tyrannies and utopias: Essays in the politics of awureness (New Delhi: OUP. 1988. f12.50), inter alia. offers a postmodernist critique of the concept of Indian history itself.

China and Japan The publications of 1988 will appear with those of 1989 in the forthcoming volume 75 of the Annual Bulletin.

Korea In 1988. a greater variety of works appeared on Korean history than has been evident for many years. The entire sweep of Korean history was covered from the ancient period to the present day. Examining a prickly question of the earliest period, the Korean scholar Wontack Hong in (The) relationship between Korea and Japan in (the) early period: Paekche and Yamato Wa (Seoul: Pan Korea Book Corp., $20) demonstrates the considerable influence which the ancient kingdom of Paekche had on the first Japanese state. The long-lived Choson dynasty (1392-1910) was considered in two superb works. In A heritage of kings: one man's monarchy in

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the Confucian world (New York, Columbia U.P., $35), Ja Hyun Kim Haboush examines the influence of Neo-Confucian concepts of kingship on the personal and public life of the great king Yongjo (r.1724-76). Her observation that after the fall of the Ming dynasty in China the Korean kings came to see their role as the preserver of East Asian Confucian civilization is a significant contribution. In The civil service examination and the social structure in the early Yi dynasty Korea (1392- 1600) (Seoul: Korea Research Center, 1987) Ch'oe Yong-ho stresses the fact that the social order of the early Choson period was more fluid than has been thought and that the civil service examination was one important means of social mobility. Three good studies of Korea at the end of the nineteenth century also have appeared. Vipan Chandra. Imperialism, resistance and reform in late nineteenth- century Korea: enlightenment and the Independence Club (California U.P., $17) dis- cusses the role which a group of patriotic. progressive young aristocrats had on the political changes engulfing the tottering Choson kingdom. I n Wesr goes east: Paul Georg von Mollendorff and great power imperinlirm in late Yi Korea (Hawaii U.P., $29), Yur-Bok Lee examines the influence of a German appointed to serve in the newly-formed Korean Customs Service at the end of the nineteenth century. Wayne Patterson, The Korean frontier in Americn: immigration to Hawaii 1896- 1910 ( ibid. . $30) examines the first significant wave of Korean immigrants to the United States. Coming down to the present day, there are three notable books which look at important issues in contemporary Korean history. Dae-sook Suh, Kim I1 Sung: the North Korean leader (Columbia U.P., $45) provides the first thorough English-language examination of the life and political thought of the longest-ruling Communist leader. Man-woo Lee and others in Alliance under tension: the evolution of Soiith Korean4.S. relations (Westview P., $35) describe the changing nature of the military and political relations between the Republic of Korea and the United States from the late forties to the present. Donald N . Clark (ed.), The Kwangju iiprising: shadows over the regime in South Koreu (ihid. , 1987, $14.95) brings together a collection of essays which examines in detail a tragic event which still broods over the political development of the Republic of Korea.

Brunei An interesting account of how a turn-of-the-century colonial civil servant 'saved' a tottering sultanate was republished last year. See M.S.H. McArthur, Report on Brunei in 1904, introduction and annotation by A.V.M. Horton (Ohio U.P., 1987, $13.50).

Burma Two important works appeared in 1988 on Burmese history which are all the more relevant in view of the dramatic events which have been taking place there. Robert H. Taylor's The stale in Burma (Hawaii U.P., $32) will become the unquestioned standard history of nineteenth and twentieth century Burmese history. Anyone wishing to understand the complex historical trends of modern Burma must consult this work first. Khin Yi has made an important contribution to the study of the nationalist and independence leaders during the colonial period in The Dobama movement in Burma (1930-1938) (Cornell U.P., $9).

Indonesia A good contribution to the rnicrohistory of contemporary Indonesian political events has appeared. Goenawan Mohamad, an Indonesian journalist, describes the Literatureandpoliricsin the 19605-asignatory's view (Monash U.P.).

Malaysia Two good studies of the political and economic situation of Malaysia over the past hundred years in relation to foreign colonialism have been published. J.M. Gullick in Malay society in the late nineteenth century: the beginnings of change (Singapore: O.U.P.. 1987, $45) discusses the social changes occurring in late traditional Malay society, while Shamsul A.B., From British to Bumiputra rule:

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local politics and rural development in peninsular Malaysia (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1986. $45.95) provides a detailed historical anthropological analysis of the changing political scene. perhaps one of the best of its kind.

Thailand This year a fine study of the archaeology of ancient Thailand has come out. especially significant since many of the sites discussed have disappeared or have been damaged. See Elizabeth H. Moore, Moated sites in early North East Thailand (Oxford BAR International Series 400. f24 ) .

Vietnam The ancient and premodern history of Vietnam has been receiving more attention recently. Two works on the legal history of Vietnam have appeared which will be the classic study of their subject for many years. Nguyen Ngoc Huy and Ta Van Tai discuss the basis of traditional Vietnamese law in the code of the Chinese T a n g dynasty and in what significant ways this codex has been adapted to the particular needs of Vietnam. See The Le Code: law in traditional Vietnam, a comparative Sino-Vietnamese legal stirdy with historical-jiiridical analysis and annotations, 3 volumes (Ohio U.P.. 1987. $175). Another work discusses the differences between public and private property. See Ngo Kim Chung et al.. PropriPti privie et propriiti collective dans I'ancien Vietnam, Georges Boudaiel el al. , translators (Paris: Editions de I'Harmattan, 1987).

(iii) Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands Peter Lineham

Australia

General After a rush of publications. the bicentennial year produced less important works. Hist. Studs. renamed itself. Actst. Hist. Studs. in 1988. and issue 91 was a special bicentenary number, entitled Making the bicentenary. which surveyed the celebration and its publications with a critical eye. G. Connah, 'Of the hut I builded': the archaeology of Airstrulia's history (CUP, $35) attempts to portray the character of the lives of early Australians. aboriginal and European, but avoids any theorisation. J.M. Powell. A n historical geography of modern Australia: the restive fringe (CUP, $49.50) places geographical patterns in a firmly historical setting. Vol. 3 of the Oxford History of Australia, R. Howe, 1860-1900: Glad confident morning (OUP. $35) is a balanced account of a debatable period, and vol. 11 of the Australian Dictionary of Biography appeared for 1891-1939 (Melbourne U.P., $48).

Aboriginal History C. Mattingley and K. Hampton (eds). Survival in our own land: 'Aboriginal' experiences in 'South Australia' since 1836 (Wakefield P., $45, pbk $27.50) is an excellent oral history of the Nunga people, who are rather an atypical group of aboriginal peoples. P. Read. A hundred years war: the Wiradjuri people and thestate (Aust. Nat. U.P.. $19) is another oral history. A. Haebich, For their own good: aborigines and government in the southwest of Western Australia, 1900-1940 (U. Western Aust., $26) looks primarily from the administrative angle. J. Beckett. Torres Strait islanders: custom and colonialism (CUP, $39.50) is an anthropological study with a strong historical content. V. Rae-Ellis. Black Robinson: protector of Aborigines (Melbourne. U.P., $40) is an unsympathetic and

(Prices in Aus $ unless otherwise stated)

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sloppy portrayal of George Augustus Robinson, the colony's Chief Protector of Aborigines.

The Foundations of European Australia H. Wallis takes a provocative approach in 'Did the Portugese discover Australia' (Hist. Today, 38). P. O'Brian. Joseph Banks (Collins, $17) is a popular biography of Cook's companion. M. Steven, First impressions, the British discovery of Australia (British Museum of Natural History) is the guide to a fine exhibition of British reactions to the Australian environment, particularly Cook and the first fleet. Research on convicts continues in full swing with R.V. Jackson, 'Luxury in punishment: Jeremy Bentham on the cost of the convict colony in New South Wales' (Aust. Hist. Studs., 23) and S. Nicholas (ed.), Convict workers: reinterpreting Australia's past (CUP, $40) which analyses the convicts transported and concludes that few of them were hardened criminals. Its claim to be called a reinterpretation is exaggerated. There was a clumsy attempt to depose William Bligh as governor of New South Wales in 1808. and R. Fitzgerald and M. Hearn, Blight, Macarthur and the rum rebellion 1808-9 (Kangaroo P., $25) examines the events, while G. Johnston, A charge of mutiny (Canberra: National Library, $40) contains the court martial proceedings against Johnston. For social conditions see B. Bersins, The coming of strangers: life in Aiistralia 1788-1822 (Collins, $20). G . Aplin, A dificult infant: Sydney before Macquarie (New South Wales U.P.. $20) is a very fine study of the population.

Economic History R.J. Solomon, The richest lode: Broken Hill 1863-1988 (Hale & Iremonger. $30) is a dull narrative. J . Walker, Jondaryon station: the relationship between pastoral capital and pastoral labour 1840-1890 (Queensland U.P., $30) is an insightful study of a Queensland station. M. Diamond, The sea horse and the wanderer: Ben Boyd in Australia (Melbourne U.P., $34) tells the life-story of a British investor in the colonies. R.G. Gregory and N.G. Butlin (eds). Recovery from the depression: Australia and the world economy in the 1930s (CUP, $45) makes some useful international comparisons.

Labour and Social History K. Buckley and T. Wheelwright. No parodise for workers: capitalism and the common people in Australia 1788-1914 (OUP, $40, pbk $20) is a textbook on working class history and values from a marxist perspective. W.H. Wilde, Courage a grace: o biography of Dame Mary Ciltnore (Melbourne U.P., $46) explores the life of a notable labour pioneer. Eric Richards et al.. That Land of Exiles: Scots in Australia (National Library of Scotland/H.M.S.O.. f5.95) is another of the flood of books on the peoples of Australia, as is S.D. Rutland, Edge of the diaspora: two centuries of Jewish settlement in Australio (Collins, $40). G. Cowlishaw, Black, white or brindle: race in rural Australia (CUP. $40) has a solid historical section. R. Evans, K. Saunders and K . Cronin, Race relations in colonial Queensland: a history of exclusion, exploitation and extermination (Queensland U.P., $25) seeks to explain the background to the 'white Australia' policy. D. Goodman, 'Gold fieldslgolden fields: the language of agrarianism and the Victorian gold rush' (Aust. Hist. Studs., 23) explains how the gold rush of the 1850s undermined the agrarian myth. P. Statham, The origins of Australia's capital cities (CUP, $45) compares the development of all the state capitals, but it relies mostly on secondary sources. C. Corns, 'Policing and social change' (Aust. & N.Z.J. Sociology, 24) uses the state of Victoria as its focus. D.H. Coward, Out of sight: Sydney's environmental history 18.51-1981 (Aust. National U., $25) explores a topical issue with insight. A. O'Brien, Poverty's prison: the poor in New South Wales 1800-1914 (Melbourne U.P., $35) is a powerful and compassionate study. J. O'Hara, A mug's game: a history of gaming and betting in Australia (New South Wales U.P.. $30; pbk $15) is an excellent study. K. Saunders and H. Taylor, 'An

184 ANNUAL BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL LITERATURE 74

enemy within? The process of internment of enemy aliens in Queensland 1939-45' (Aust. 1. Pol. & Hist., 34) provide another aspect of a popular subject. In the same journal 1. Jobling examines 'The making of a nation through sport: Australia and the Olympic games from Athens to Berlin. 1896-1936' and R. Bosworth writes on 'Australia and assisted immigration from Britain, 1945-54'.

Women's History and Gender Issues A. Mackinnon and C. Bacchi. 'Sex, resistance and power: sex reform in South Australia' (Aust. Hist. Studs., 23) examines the lives of Agnes and Rosamund Berham who were influential at the turn of the century. J. Thomas investigates the famous aviator in 'Amy Johnson's triumph, Australia 1930' (ibid.). S.B. Barham. 'Conceptualisations of women within Australian egalitarian thought' (Comp. Studs. SOC. & Hist.. 30) examines ideas of the penal colony, Eureka stockade and Ned Kelly from a gender aspect. P. Russell. 'The relationship between family life and class formation in nineteenth century Melbourne' (Lilith, 5) focuses on the role of women. B. Searle, Silk & calico: class, gender & the vote (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, $13) examines the career of Lilian Locke.

Religious History The first issue of 1. Religious Hist., 15. has reflective articles on Australian religious history by H. Jackson, A.D. Gilbert and S. Piggin, while a later issue has D. Hilliard. 'Popular religion in Australia in the 1950s: a study of Adelaide and Brisbane'. 1. Breward. 'The tnost godless place under heaven' (Melbourne: Beacon Hill Bks) is the prolegomena to a proposed history of Australian religion. I.H. Murray. Australian Christian life from 1788 (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, f10) is a book of documents. M. Newton, 'The gathering of the Australian saints in the 1850s' (Brighnm Young U. Studs.. 27) looks at Australian Mormons who went to Utah. L. Strahan. 0 u 1 of the silence: a study of a religious community for wotnen (OUP. $35) is about the Community of the Holy Name. T. Swain and D.B. Rose (eds). Aboriginal Australians and Christian missions: ethnographic and historical srirdies (Aust. Assn. for the Study of Religions. $30) is magnificent in its detail.

Cultural and Intellectual History The most interesting publications of the year have been three intellectual histories of Australia. Australian cultural history ed. S.L. Goldberg and F.B. Smith (CUP, $35) has sixteen essays with a wide variety of perspectives and is perhaps the best of the new works. B. Head and J. Walter (eds), Intellectual movements and Australian society (OUP. $45) emphasises the more conservative aspects of Australian thought. J . Rickard, The present and the part: Australia, a cultural history (Longman) sees Australia as a provincial outpost of Europe. J.B. Hirst. The strange birth of colonial democracy in N.S . W . 1848- 1884 (Allen & Unwin) argues that democracy in Australia has never served as an intellectual ideal. A. Atkinson, 'Time, place and paternalism: early conservative thinking in New South Wales' (Aust. Hist. Studs.. 23) shows how a brand of idealism influenced education and social measures. R. W. Home (ed.), Australian science in the making (CUP, $75) is a useful volume with very broad coverage, from aboriginal concepts of the working of nature to contemporary science. L. Johnson The unseen voice: a cultural study of early Australia radio (Routledge. $28) makes effective use of Raymond Williams' approach to the culture of the people.

Political History before I900 K. Amos. The Fenians in Australia 1862-1800 (New South Wales U.P., $30) focuses on how they settled into Australia. Gipps-La Trobe Correspondence 1839-1846 ed. A.G.L. Shaw (Melbourne U.P.. $55) is an important collection of the correspondence of governor and premier. A. Davidson, 'An invisible state' (Aust. Hist. Studs., 23) calls for study of the role the state plays

THE MIDDLE EAST. ASIA. AUSTRALIA AND N.Z. I85

in Australian life. D.E. Fifer, 'The Australian Patriotic Association 1835-1841' ( I . Royal Aust. Hist. Studs.. 7 3 ) examines a body which tried to influence political decisions about Australia in Britain. R. Markey. The making of the Laboirr furry in New South Wales 1880-IYOO (New South Wales U.P.. $30. pbk $20) is an excellent survey of the party's emergence.

Political History after 1900 The achievements of Sir Williarii McKell ed. M. Easson (Allen & Unwin, $18) is a useful collection of essays about a notable Labour premier of New South Wales. J. Bunting, R.G. Menzies (Allen & Unwin) is by the secretary to the Cabinet at the time. G. Souter, Acts of Parliarnent: a narrative history of the Senate and Hoirse of Representatives Corntiion wealth of Aiistralia (Melbourne U.P., $30) which has been very well reviewed, and C.J. Lloyd. Prrrlionient und the press: the federal parliamentary press gallery 1901- 1988 (ibid., $23) are both contributions to Parliament's Bicentenary publications project. R. Evans, The red flag riots: a .stirdy of intolerance (Queensland, U.P. , $25) looks at the 'street level' view of the riots in Queensland in 1918.

Local and States Histories R. Johnson. A doctrn?entary history of Qireenslarid (Queensland, U.P., $25) is in effect a short history of the state through well-chosen documents. J.G. Steele. Brisbnrie town in cotivict driys, 1824-1842 (ibid., $35) and R. Lawson, Brisbone in the 1890s: (i stiirfy of an Airstralia irrban society (ibid.. $35) are parts of a series. but Steele is more a collection of documents. Another work from the same state is A.C. Castles, Lrrwrn~ikers und wciyward Whih.. rs. ~overnrnent and low it7 Soirth Airstruliir 18.36-1Y86 (Walkefield P., $40). For Tasmania see M. Roe (ed.), The flow of cirltirre: Tusninnirm stirdies (Australian Academy of Humanities, $9.50). P. Cowan, Muitland Brown - N view of nineteenth tentirry Western Airstraliu (Fremantle: Arts Centre Press, $20) is about a noted explorer and politician.

Military and Foreign Affairs The article by L.L. Robson. 'Behold a pale horse: Australian war studies' (Airst. Hist. S t i d s . , 23) reviews the flourishing of the subject since the 1960s. and in the same issue J . Barrett, 'No straw man: C.E.W. Bean and his critics' defends the reputation of the official historian of World War 1. See also M. McKernon and M. Browne. Australia: two centres of W N I undpence (Canberra: Australian War Memorial Museum Publications, $50). There has been a plethora of books on nationalism. W.J. Hudson and M.P. Sharp argue in Airstralian independence: colony to relirctatrt kingdon1 (Melbourne U.P., $30) that Australia was handed its indepcndence rather than seeking it. S . Alomes, A nation at last? Tire changing cliaracter of Airstralian n~tionalism (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, $25) sees Australian nationalism as a weak flower. J.J. Eddy and D. Schreuder (eds), The rise of colonial nationalism: Australia, New Zealand. Cunada arid South Africafirst assert their nationalities, 1880-1914 (Allen & Unwin. $18) focuses on Richard Jebb's tour of the colonies in 1905. N.K. Meaney, T. Matthews and S . Eincel. The Japanese connection (Longman Cheshire) include a historical survey. G.S.J. Barclay, A very sninll insurance policy: the politics of Australian involvement it7 Vietnam (Melbourne U.P., $25) is a skilful account. J.J. Eddy and R.R. Nethercote, From colony to coloniser: stirdies in Australian administrative history (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger. 1987. $35) includes a chapter on Australia's colonising work in New Guinea.

New Zealand: General T.W.H. Brooking with P. Enright, Milestones: turning points in New Zealand hktory (Lower Hutt: Mills Publ.. $50) is intended as a secondary level textbook, but is perhaps too selective to succeed. H. Morton and C.M.. Johnston,

(Prices in NZ $ unless otherwise stated.)

186 ANNUAL BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL LITERATURE 74

The farthest corner: New Zealand /he twice discovered land (Century Hutchinson Hawaii U.P., $45) covers aspects of exploration and discovery in New Zealand.

Maori history M.P.K. Sorrenson (ed.), Na To Hoa Aroha, From your dear friend: the correspondence between Sir Apirana Ngara and Sir Peter Buck 1925-50 vol. 3 (Auckland U.P.. $45) completes the account of these important leaders. B. Mikaere. Te Maiharoa and the Promised Land (Heinemann. $25) is an interesting study of a Maori prophet and defender of confiscated land. M. Horsfield and M. Evans, Maori women in the economy (Ministry of Women's Affairs) is a pioneering account. An increasing debate on the place of the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) on N.Z. development is evident in A. Ward's 'Commentary: the Treaty and the purchase of Maori land' (N.Z.I . Hist., 22) and J. Wilkes. 'Walter Mantell, Geraldine Jewsbury. and race relations in New Zealand' in the same journal. Harry C. Evison (ed.). The Treaty of Waitangi & the Ngai Tahu claim (Ngai Tahu Trust Board, $7.70) about South Island lands is a very useful summary of historical evidence produced for the Treaty of Waitangi Tribunal.

Political and Social History D.A. Hamer, The New Zealand Liberuls: the yea1.s of power. 1891-1912 (Auckland U.P.. $45) was welcomed as a much-needed and well-executed work of political history. a subject which most local historians seem to avoid. E. Olssen. The red feds: revolit/ionary indiis/riul iinionisrn atrd the New Zealand Federution of Laboirr lW8-IY13 (OUP, $60) is the culmination of many years' research, and Olssen collaborated with J. Boyd in 'The skilled workers: journeymen and masters in Caversham, 1880-1914' (N.Z.I . Hist.. 22) which is material drawn from a close study of a working-class suburb of Dunedin. D. Welch, The Iiicifer. u story of inrliistriul cotrJiict in New Zedand (Dunmore P.) examines the Christchurch Tramway Board dispute of 1932. Social history of a more general kind remains very popular. In N.Z.J. H i s / . , 22 R.C.J. Stone writes 'An Anatomy of the practice of law in nineteenth-century Auckland'; D. Pearson, 'Marriage and mobility in Wellington 1x81- 1980'; and R. Barrowman. "'Making New Zealand articulate": t h e Progressive Publishing Society. 1941-45'. R.F. Keam, Turaweru: /he volcanic ericption of IOJir t ie 1886 (University of Auckland, $169) is a fine combination of science and history in a superb format. A. Beaglehole. A small price to pay: rofiigees from Hitler in New Zeulartd IY36-46 (Allen & Unwin $30) studies a group of I I 0 0 immigrants, most of them Jews, and shows up aspects of the xenophobia of the local population. M. King, After /he wur: New Zealand since 1945 (Hodder & Stoughton, $35) is a photographic survey. J. Could. The iiriiversity grunts committee 1961-1986: a liirtory (U.G.C.. $40.85) is a fairly institutional account. Medical history is a growing field, and one issue of N.Z.J. Hisf., 22 was decicated to i t , including G.W. Rice. 'The making of New Zealand's 1920 Health Act'; M. Belgrave, 'A subtle containment: women in New Zealand medicine'. and P. Fleming, 'Fighting the "red plague": observations on the response to venereal disease in New Zealand 1910-1945'. G.W. Rice also published Black November: the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand (Allen & Unwin, $30) which sold out quickly. On Women's History S. Middleton (ed.). Wonieti ond education in Aotearoa (Allen & Unwin/Port Nicholson Press. $30) includes some useful historical chapters. For archival material see D. Meads, P. Rainer and K. Sanderson, Women's words: a guide to manuscripts and archives in the Alexander Titrrtbiill Library relating to wonten in tho nineteenth century (Alexander Turnbull Library, $22).

Religious History K.A. Pickens, 'Denomination. nationality and class in a nineteenth-century British colony: Canterbury. New Zealand' ( J . Religious His/. , 15) was a statistical study. M. O'Meegan. Heldfirm by faith (Christchurch Catholic

THE MIDDLE EAST. ASIA. AUSTRALIA AND N.Z. I K7

Diocese. $18) is a study of the Catholic diocese of Christchurch. P.J. Lineham, 'Christian reaction to freethought and rationalism in New Zealand' (J. Religioits H . , 15) focuses on the 1880s.

Military and Diplomatic History P. Baker. King and coiintry call: New Zealanders. conscription and the Great War (Auckland U.P.. $30) focuses particularly on the introduction of conscription. and how civilians reacted to it. W. David Mclntyre, New Zealand prepares for war: defence policy 19/9-1939 (Canterbury U.P.. $44) folows on from his study of the Singapore naval base. B.S. Bennett. New Zealnnd's riioral foreign policy, 1935-1939: the proriiotiori of collective secirrity through the League of Nations (N.Z. Institute of International Affairs) is not a large work. D. McCaw. 'The demanding alliance: New Zealand and the escalation of the Vietnam war' (Aust. J. Pol. & Hist. 34) and M. Holland, 'New Zealand's relations with Africa: the changing foreign policy of a small state' (Roirnd Table, 303) cover the 1960s and 1970s.

The Pacific Islands: General These works include G. Badger, The explorers of the Pacific (Kangaroo P.). and B. La1 (ed.). Wunsalawrira: solindings in Melariesiatl hsitory (Working Papers. U. Hawaii. 1987) has some important papers. B. Smith, 'Depicting Pacific peoples' (Tirrnbirll Library Record. 21) is a short essay by the great intellectual historian. There is continuing interest in the intervention of states in the islands. including P. Hempenstall. 'The neglected empire: the superstructure of the colonial state in German Melanesia' in Gertiraris iri the tropics: essnys in Gertnrin colotiirrl hislory, ed. A.J. Knoll and L.H. Gann (N.Y.: Greenwood) and R. Langdon. 'Spanish navigators in the Pacific' in Sonic Iiistorical ties betweeri Aiistralia and the Spanislr world (Sydney: Sociedad Cultural Espanola). Biographical studies include J.O.C. Ross, Williririi Stewrirt: sealing captain. trcider anil specirlutor (Roebuck SOC., 1987) and A.H. Cleaver and E.J. Stann (eds), Voyage to the soirtlrern ocean: tlzc 1etter.s of Lieutenant Williani Reynolls from the U.S . exploring expedition. 1838-1842 (Annapolis: Naval Institute). Lund rights of Pacific women (Suva: U. South Pacific. 1986) not noticed in earlier issues, has some significant studies on various islands. Wesley's sorrtk seas herituge (Wesley Historical Society, 1987) has brief accounts of most islands where Methodists penetrated.

Individual Islands: Cook Islands studies have advanced with People of the Cook Islands - past rind present; a report (Cook Islands Library & Museum Society Bulletin. 5). Fiji: The coup led quickly to some good studies. above all B.V. Lal. Power atid prejirdice: the making of the Fiji crisis (Wellington: N.Z. Institute of International Affairs. NZ$ 16.50). and a shorter article. 'Before the storm: an analysis of the Fiji General Election of 1987' (Paci/ic Studs., 12) and D. Scarr. Fiji: die politics of illirsion: the military coiips in Fiji (New South Wales U.P., Aus $20) - a work which places great importance on the role of the Taukei movement. Other writings include S. Lawson, 'Fiji's communal electoral system: a study of some aspects of the failure of democratic politics in Fiji' (Politics, 23). and R.T. Robertson and A. Tamanisau, Fiji: shattered co~rps (N.S.W.: Pluto P.. $12). Other works include A. Bain. 'A protective labour policy? An alternative interpretation of early colonial labour policy in Fiji' (1. Pucific Hist.. 23); T.P. Bayliss-Smith, R.D. Redford. H.C. Brookfield and M. Latham. Islands, islmders and the world: the colonial undpost-colonial experience of eastern Fiji (CUP): D. Chaput, 'The Fiji non-rush of the 1930s and the Australian connection' (J. Roytil Airst. Hist. Stirds. , 74); C. Knapman. 'The white child in colonial Fiji 1895-1930' (J. Pacific Hist., 23) and A.D. Ravavu. The Fijian ethos (U. South Pacific). Hawaii: Studies include G. Barrett, The Russian view of Honolrilir 1809-26 (Carleton U.P.); G.M. Nomura, 'The debate over the role of the Nisei in pre-war Hawaii: the New

I xu ANNUAL BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL LITERATURE 74

Americans conference 1927-1941' (J. Eihnic S/irds.. 15. 1987). W. Patterson. The Korean fronlier iti Atnericu: immigrarion lo Hawaii 1896-1910 (Hawaii U.P.). and A. Spoehr. 'A 19th century chapter in Hawaii's maritime history: Hudson's Bay company merchant shipping. 1829-1859' (Hawaiiun J . His/. . 22) . Micronesia: Gradually the history of these islands has been taken up by professionals. and two works published this year are a mark of the change: D. Hanlon. Upon a s/one altar: a hislory of /he island of Pohnpei lo 1890 (Hawaii U.P.) and M.R. Peattie. Nan'yo: the rise and full of the Jupanese in Micronesia, 1885-1945 (ibid.) which focuses on the Japanese angle of the invasion. Other works include H. Gailey. The Liberalion of Girum. 21 Jirly-10 Augirsr 1944 (Novato, Presidio): F.X. Hezel and M.M. Driver. 'From conquest to colonisation: Spain in the Mariana islands 1690-1740' (1. Pacific His/. . 23) and K. Nakayama. 'The reception of Christianity on Ponape' (Setiii Ethnological S/irtls.. 21, 1987). Nauru: B. Macdonald continued his significant work with In piirsirir of /he sacred Iricst: rriisieesliip tind independence in Nuirrii (Wellington: N.Z. Institute of International Affairs). New Caledonia: J. Connell. New C d e d o t i i ~ /he M ~ t i g t i o n accord and /lie colonial firlitre (Research Institute for Asia & the Pacific. U. Sydney). Papua New Guinea: D. Dennon. 'An agenda for the social history of Papua New Guinea' (Canberra Anrhropology. 10. 1987) could be influential. On disease see S. Frankel and G. Lewis (eds), A con~iniiitig / r i d of trea/tnctii: tnedical plirralistii in Pnpiiu New Gitinea (CUP). J. Sincliiir. Lus/ Fron1ier.s: /he exp1ortrrion.s of Ivuti Chotp ion of Pupira (Brisbane: Pacific Bks) is interesting. In J . Pacific His/.. 23. see A. Kituai. 'Innovation and intrusion: villagers and policemen in Papua New Guinea' and R. Weymouth, 'The Unevangelised Fields Mission in Papua New Guinea, 1931-1981'. Other articles include J. Clark. 'Kaun and Kogono: cargo cults and development in Karavar and Pangia' (Ocentiiu. 59). C. Newbury. 'Spoils of war: sub-imperial collaboration in South West Africa and New Guinea. 1914-20' (J. Itiiperial& Comnionwealtlr His/ . , 16) and several articles in 1. dr Itr SociPtP des Ocerinis/es, 87. by P. Sack, R. Shlomowitz and M.M. Turner. Samoa: E.M. Ropach, 'Transformation of Christian ritual in the Pacific: Samoan white Sunday' (Missiology, 16). Solomons: Several minor works have been published, including S.L. Alasia. 'Big man and party politics: the evolution of political parties in Solomon Islands' (Pucific Per.spectivc. 13). R. Shlomowitz. 'The internal labour trade in New Hebrides and Solomon Islands cl%lO-1941' (J. tle lu SociP/P des Oceunis/c~s, 87) and C.H. Allen, 'Land law and custom in Ysabel: post-war change and development' ( J . Polynesian Sac.. 97) about the northern Solomons. Tahiti and Society Islands: A key book with several significant essays was N.J. Pollock and R. Crocombe. French Polynesia: a book ofselected readings (U. South Pacific). See also D. Oliver. Retirrn to Tahiti: Bligh'ssecond breudfririr voynge (Melbourne U.P.) and R. I . Levy, Tahitians: mind and experience in /he Sociery 1slund.s (Chicago U.P.). Tonga: Two rather topical studies appeared: K.E.O. James. '0 lead us not into "Cornmoditisation" . . . Christine Ward Gailey's changing gender values in the Tongan islands' ( J . Pucijc His/. , 23) and A.P. Needs, New Zealund aid and /he developmen/ of cfuss in Tongu (Massey U . Dept. of Sociology), a study of the banana export scheme. Vanuatu: See R. Adams. 'Indentured labour and the development of plantations in Vanuatu: 1867-1922' (1. de la SociP/P des Oceanistes, 87) and M. Jolly, 'The forgotten women: a history of migrant labour and gender relations in Vanuatu' (Oceania, 58. 1987).