xivth isbc ,gdansk, poland, 2 ,gdansk, poland, 2 ––7 7 ... · impact of captivity on...

Impact of captivity on physiological parameters Impact of captivity on physiological parameters

XIVth ISBCXIVth ISBC ,Gdansk, Poland, 2 ,Gdansk, Poland, 2 –– 7 7 June 2006June 2006

C f f th I t ti l C f f th I t ti l Conference of the International Conference of the International Society of BiocalorimetrySociety of Biocalorimetry

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The Cat in the Bag The Cat in the Bag ––The Cat in the Bag The Cat in the Bag ––the Impact of Captivity on the Impact of Captivity on the Impact of Captivity on the Impact of Captivity on Physiological ParametersPhysiological Parametersy gy gin Mammals and Birdsin Mammals and Birds

Schleucher, E. 1, Hilmer, S. 1,2, Angus, G.J. 2, Algar, D. 2, Warnecke, L.3, and Withers, P.C.41 Biological Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe – University,

F kf M i GFrankfurt am Main, Germany2 Department of Conservation and Land Management, Wildlife Research Centre,

Woodvale WA, Australia3 Zoology University of New England Armidale NSW AustraliaZoology, University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia4 Zoology, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia,

Nedlands WA, Australia


The Background.

Australia: Australia: World record extinction rate in last 200 years

90 (!) % 90 (!) % of mammals ( < 5 kg) ( g)are declining orendangered

33


The BackgroundThe BackgroundThe Background.The Background.

l ( ) " h l B lb l44

Western Australia (1923): "The last Bilby I saw alive...-caught in a rabbit trap"


The reasonsThe reasons.

- Habitat degradation Introduced invasive species:- Introduced invasive species:

grazing livestock, predators and competitorsp mp

55


The reasons.

Domestic cats feral:Domestic cats feral:independent of human contact and support

66


Q i & M h d


Questions & Methods.Hypothesis:Physiological capacities

yp

patterns ofpatterns of•invasion•decline•extinction•extinction•coexistence of species in a given habitat.

Fate of reintroduction and conservation programmes

77

p g


Q i & M h d


Questions & Methods.Hypothesis:Knowledge of physiological capacities will help understand:

yp

•food requirements, temperature dependent activity patterns •temperature-dependent activity patterns,

•territory size, habitat preferences,•abundance, colonisation, decline,

•bait uptake,•dosage of drugs, anaesthetics

88


Q i & M h dTarget animalsTarget animals AimsAims ParametersParameters

Questions & Methods.

••Definition of physiological Definition of physiological Definition of physiological Definition of physiological requirements requirements

••Reasons for decline, choice Reasons for decline, choice of suitable habitatsof suitable habitats

••MetabolismMetabolism••Temperature Temperature native speciesnative species

••PatternsPatterns

ppregulationregulation

pp

••Patterns of invasion and Patterns of invasion and establishing in new habitat establishing in new habitat

••LevelsLevelsestabl sh ng n new hab tat establ sh ng n new hab tat

••Competition and predation Competition and predation ••Identify potential future Identify potential future problemsproblems

invasive speciesinvasive species

pp

99


Q ti & M th dQuestions & Methods.Portable indirect calorimetry system Portable indirect calorimetry system Portable indirect calorimetry system Portable indirect calorimetry system in field stationin field station

1010


Q ti & M th dQuestions & Methods.

Implanted body temperature loggers Implanted body temperature loggers ––Implanted body temperature loggers Implanted body temperature loggers core body temperaturecore body temperature

1111



i h l ki d i i h l ki d i with remote telemetry tracking device with remote telemetry tracking device ––

1212



Insert :Short description of keeping conditions: in general, animals were kept under semi- natural conditions in sheltered outdoor cages so that they were exposed to natural light and climate Conditions.This generally applied to all species irrespective of mammal or bird

1313


R ltResults.

dMetabolic rates and body temperature measurements on Birds:captive-bred and wild captured populations of:

N ti i f t id • Native species from extreme arid zones• Introduced species - expanding exponentially in numbers and range

Mammals: free- ranging and captive populations of:

•Natives declining in abundance and range •Introduced invasive species

colonizing new habitats and establishing stable populations

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Metabolic rate [J g-1 h-1]

Results. I. Birds –

Levels

100

120CaptiveWild

Levels

60

80Wild

Natives: Diamond DoveGeopelia cuneata

40

60Geopelia cuneata

captive bred,Germany

0

20Germanywild-caught,Australia

00 10 20 30 40 50

Ambient temperature [°C]

1515

p [ ]


43Body temperature [°C]

I. Birds –Patterns

Results.

41

42Patterns

Introduced:

39

40Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus

38

39moluccanus

captive bred,l

3712:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00

Australia

Time of day [h]

1616


II. Mammals –Levels 14

Summer 2005

Metabolic rate [J g-1 h-1]

L s

10

12 Winter 2005Summer 2006

Introduced: Feral cat Felis catus 6

8

Felis catus

wild –caught,Australia 2

4

Australia

0

2

0 10 20 30 40

Ambient temperature [°C]

1717


II. Mammals –Levels Metabolism [J g-1 h-1]L s

14

16 Ta = 8 °C Ta = 28 °C

Feral cat Felis catus 10

12

in Australia6

8

2

4

0Summer 2005 Winter 2005 Summer 2006

1818


II. Mammals –Levels

Results.

10000000

Metabolism [J h-1]L s

1000000

10000000


100000

in Australia

100

1000Summer 1Summer 2MarsupialsPl t l

1

10

PlacentalsHomoNewly CaughtHouse Cat

11 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

Body Mass [g]

1919


II. Mammals –Levels

Results.

10000000

Metabolism [J h-1]L s

1000000

10000000


100000

in Australia

100

1000Summer 1Summer 2MarsupialsPl t l

1

10

PlacentalsHomoNewly CaughtHouse Cat

11 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

Body Mass [g]

2020


II. Mammals –Patterns 41

Body temperature [°C] Week 1 Week 2

Results.

Patterns

40

38

39

Feral cat Felis catus

36

37in Australia

3612:00 12:00 12:0012:0012:0012:0012:00

Time of day [h]

Free-ranging

2121




Results.

Patterns

40

41

38

39Feral cat Felis catus

37in Australia

3612:00 12:00 12:0012:0012:0012:0012:00

Time of day [h]

6 months captivity

2222




Results.

Patterns

40

38

39

Feral cat Felis catus

37in Australia

36

12:00 12:00 12:0012:0012:0012:0012:00Time of day [h]

12 months captivity

2323

Impact of captivity on physiological parameters Impact of captivity on physiological parameters Results.

Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus

2424free-ranging captive


Conclusions and outlook:Conclusions and outlook:

Insert here:Insert here:Species being subjected to changes in keeping conditions (Wild/ captive/ Wild / captive bred etc.) With artificial food sources the birds maintain an obvoius cycle but With artificial food sources, the birds maintain an obvoius cycle but The mammals respond with strong shifts….

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Conclusions and outlook:


Conclusions and outlook:

Captivity significantly alters physiology with regard to P tt- Patterns

- Levels of various parameters

Isn‘t this intuitively obvious?

FMR studies provided valuable data on gross energy consumption

BUT:New remote sensing techniques &portable metabolic systems allow:portable metabolic systems allow:

• insight into underlying patterns and mechanisms• observation of individual intra and interspecific variation • observation of individual, intra – and interspecific variation • quantification of impact of artificial conditions

ALERT: Caution must be exercised in interpretation of captive data

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ALERT: Caution must be exercised in interpretation of captive data (> 90% of information available to date!)

Impact of captivity on physiological parameters Impact of captivity on physiological parameters Impact of captivity on physiological parameters Impact of captivity on physiological parameters

Future dreams:

Apply physiological data to pp y p y gimprove nature conservation strategiesand management protocols g pfor the protection and reintroduction ofendangered native species

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xivth isbc ,gdansk, poland, 2 ,gdansk, poland, 2 ––7 7 ... · impact of captivity on...

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