xlix engineering design firm © 2010 engr/etgr 1201 1 definition of project 1 a project is “…a...
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
1© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Definition of Project
1
A project is “…a combination of human and non-human resources pulled together in a temporary organization to
achieve a specific purpose.”
-- Project Management Institute (PMI), June 1987
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
2© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Characteristics of a Project
• Definable purpose
• Established goals
• Cost, schedule, and performance requirements
• Multiple resources across organizational lines
• Elements of risk
• Finite and defined lifespan
• Process of phases
Projects are different from ongoing, routine work!
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
3© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Examples of Engineering Projects
What?
• Design a power plant• Build a bridge• Prepare a proposal• Develop a new product• Design a new cell phone• Install a new system
Who?
• Engineering/Technology• Manufacturing• Marketing• Business• Communications• Testing• Maintenance• Operations
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Successful Projects Require…
4
Schedule
Communication
Resources
Evaluation
Risk Mitigation
Project Plan
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
5© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Project Plan
• Define the problem/project• Set quantitative project goals• Define the tasks (activities) necessary to achieve project goals• Define events or conditions that mark the completion of a task or
group of tasks (milestones)• Assess the resources required• Integrate the above into a formal plan
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
6© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• Brainstorm a list of all work to be done• Organize tasks and activities• Consider resources and time allocations• Identify critical path items
– Tasks or activities that must be completed before the next task or activity can be completed
• Identify milestone activities– Key activities that measure progress
• Identify who will do the work• Develop a Gantt chart to show the project schedule
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
7© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
WBS Example: Designing a Prosthetic
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
8© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
MS Project Gantt Chart
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
9© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Measures of Project Success
9
• Time completed according to schedule• Cost completed within budget• Performance meets or exceeds design specifications and
project goals • Quality zero defects, scrap, rework, or errors• Customers meets or exceeds (buying) customers’ expectations• Client acceptance meets or exceeds client’s expectations; final
design is approved and funded!
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Project Life Cycle
• Conceiving• Planning• Implementing• Completing
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Res
ou
rces
Conceiving Planning Implementing Completing
Phases
Low
High
Resource Distribution Over the Project Life Cycle(Smith, 2000)
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Res
ou
rces
Conceiving Planning Implementing Completing
Phases
Low
High
Resource Distribution Over the Project Life Cycle(Smith, 2000)
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Ab
ility
to
Mak
e C
han
ge
Conceiving Planning Implementing Completing
Phases
Low
High
Ability to Make Changes and Cost of Changes(Smith, 2000)
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XLIXEngineering Design Firm
© 2010 ENGR/ETGR 1201
Ab
ility
to
Mak
e C
han
ge
Conceiving Planning Implementing Completing
Phases
Low
High
Ability to Make Changes and Cost of Changes(Smith, 2000)
Co
st of C
han
ges