xml & localis/zation peishan t. bartley. xml and languages xml supports any defined character...
TRANSCRIPT
XML & Localis/zation
Peishan T. Bartley
XML and Languages
XML supports any defined character sets.
With Unicode-8, an XML file can be multi-lingual. Multi-lingual attributes. Multi-lingual tests.
What about the elements?
Localization (or Localisation)
Internationalization: to develop software so it can run in different international environments without adapting or recompiling.
Localization: “to make local” – Merriam-Webster Abridged.
Localization (or Localisation)
To localize = translation + reformatting + layout re-evaluation.
Localization (or Localisation)
Examples: Format
Date MM/DD/YY vs. DD/MM/YY
Address 51 Wu-Chuan 6th St. Taichung, Taiwan 403 403 台灣省台中市五權六街 51號
Colors Don’t use red ink to write the name of a
Chinese.
XML and Localization
Localizable contents can be successfully handled by XSL or DTD. XSL: transform the document according
to location or language, example. DTD – the power of attributes:
<language> <span> - <span language=”en”
translate=”no”> …</span> <style> - <emphasis> <emphasize more>
Challenges During the Localization Process
Software codes are placed in other people’s hands.
Software products may include multiple file formats.
Duplicate translation efforts means double costs.
Challenges During the Localization Process
Alternative process:
Prepare the file by putting it in a container in which codes and translatable texts are separated.
XLIFF
XLIFF: Born in 2001, XLIFF is the XML Localisation Interchange File Format.
XML and Localization
Why XML-based? Easy to develop, and low on cost. Supports any defined character sets as
long as they are properly declared. Has features (attributes and such) that
can be used to facilitate localization. Can be output to target media, such as
HTML or PDF. Extensible.
The Elements of XLIFF
Non-localization data – Skeleton file.
Localization data – Translation units.
Translation memory.
XLIFF - Translation Units <target> vs. <source> and <alt-trans>
<trans-unit id=’1’> <source xml:lang=’en’>It’s such a nice day
today!</source><target xml:lang=’zh-TW’> 今天天
氣實在 好 !</target><alt-trans>
<target xml:lang=’zh-CN’>今天天气 实在好 !</target>
</alt-trans></trans-unit>
XLIFF - Translation Units
What about the inline codes? Tag it:
<bpt id="1"><a href="http://www.simmons.edu/gslis/"></bpt>Simmons GSLIS<ept id="1"></a></ept>
XLIFF - Translation Units
More elements: Internal-file External-file …
And powerful attributes: Phase Count
XLIFF - Translation Units Example:
<phase-group> <phase phase-name='trans' process-name='translation' tool=‘thisthing' contact-email=‘[email protected]' date='2002-10-01T23:32:23Z'/>
<phase phase-name='edit' process-name='edit' tool=‘thatthing' contact-email=‘[email protected]' date='2002-10-02T14:20:03Z'/>
</phase-group>
XLIFF - Translation Units Another example: use attributes to
record metadata.
<trans-unit xml:space=’preserve’ id=’1001’ maxwidth=’15’ minwidth=’8’ size-unit=’char’><source xml:lang=’en’> Title: </source><target xml:lang=’zh-tw’> 書名 : </source>
</trans-unit>
XLIFF
So how do you do it?
Code the files manually, write a program to do it, or use the tools available.
XLIFF Tools
ENLASO Corp. Rainbow 4. http://xliff-tools.freedesktop.org/wiki/Resources
Java.net Open Language Tools. https://open-language-tools.dev.java.net/
Heartsome Holdings Ltd. http://www.heartsome.net
XLIFF Tools. http://xliff-tools.freedesktop.org/
Open Language Tools XLIFF Filter 1.2.4
XLIFF Editor
XML & Localis/zation
Questions?
One non-XLIFF related thing. Characters & codes.