xp new perspectives on the internet, 4e tutorial 2 1 browser basics introduction to microsoft...

New Perspectives on the Internet, 4eTutorial 2

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Browser Basics

Introduction to Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator


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XPObjectives

• Learn how Web browser software displays Web pages.

• Learn how Web page addresses are constructed.

• Become familiar with the main functions common to all Web browsers.

• Configure and use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Web browser to navigate the Web.

• Save and organize Web addresses using Internet Explorer.


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XPObjectives

• Save Web page text and graphics using Internet Explorer.

• Configure and use the Netscape Navigator Web browser to navigate the Web.

• Save and organize Web addresses using Netscape Navigator.

• Save Web page text and graphics using Netscape Navigator.


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XPWeb Browsers

• When you use your Internet connection to become part of the Web, your computer becomes a Web client in a worldwide client/server network.

• Web browser: is software that you run on your computer to make it work as a Web client.

• Web servers: Computers connected to the Internet that contain files their owners have made available publicly through their Internet connections.


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Client/Server Structure of the World Wide Web


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XPHypertext, Links, and Hypermedia

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard language used on the Web.

• HTML uses codes (tags) to tell the Web browser software how to display text.

• HTML anchor tag: enables Web designers to link HTML documents to each other.

• Hypertext Links: can connect HTML documents together; can also connect one part of HTML document to another part.

Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia


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XPHypertext, Links, and Hypermedia

• When a Web browser displays an HTML document, it is often referred to as a Web page.

• A collection of linked Web pages with a common theme is called a Web site.

• The main page that all of the other pages on the Web site are organized around and link back to is called the site’s home page.


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XPAddresses on the Web

• Internet Protocol Address (IP): unique id number given to each computer on the Internet.

• Domain Name: unique name associated with specific IP address by a program that runs on an Internet host computer.

• Domain Name Software (DNS) coordinates IP addresses and domain names for all computers attached to it.

• Domain name server: the host computer that runs DNS software.

• The last part of domain name is called its top-level domain (TLD).


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XPUniform Resource Locators


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• Four-part addressing scheme that tells the Web browser:

Transfer protocol to use when transporting the file.

Domain name of computer on which file resides.

Pathname of folder or directory on computer on which file resides.

Name of the file.


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Structure of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)


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XPMain Elements of Web Browsers

• Title Bar• Scroll Bars• Status Bar• Menu Bar• Page Tab• Home Button

Main Elements of Internet Explorer Program Window


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Main Elements of NavigatorProgram Window


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XPQuick Access to Web Directories and Guides

• Web Directory: a Web page that contains a list of Web page categories like education or recreation.

• Web Search Engines: Web pages that conduct searches of the Web to find words or expressions you enter.

• You can save the URL of a favorite site in Internet Explorer.

• You can use a bookmark to save the URL of a specific page in Netscape.


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XPUsing the History List

• The browser stores the location of each page you visit during a single session in a history list.

• Use the Back button and the Forward button to move through the history list.

• Use the Refresh button in IE or the Reload button in Navigator to load the same Web page that appears in the browser window again.

• Use the Stop button to halt the Web page transfer from the server.


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XPPrinting and SavingWeb Pages

• You can use a Web browser to print a Web page.

• You can save copies of most Web pages as files that you can store on your computer’s hard disk, floppy disk, etc.

• Some Web pages are written to making copying difficult or impossible.


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XPReproducing Web Pagesand Copyright Law

• Laws that govern the use of photocopies, audio or video recordings, and other reproductions of authors’ original work.

• Legal right of the author or other owner of an original work to control reproduction, distribution and sale of that work.

• Comes into existence as soon as the work is placed into tangible form.

• Exists even if the work does not contain a copyright notice.


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XPReproducing Web Pages and Copyright Law

• Fair use is a provision that allows students to use limited amounts of copyrighted information in term papers and other reports in an academic setting.

• Source must always be cited.

• Commercial use of copyright more restricted.

• Obtain permission from copyright holder before using anything you copy from a Web page.


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XPCookies

• A small file that a Web server writes to the disk of the client computer.

• Can contain information about the user such as login names and passwords.

• Assists in performing functions such as automatic login.

• User is often unaware that the files are being written to the computer’s disk drive.


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XPStarting Microsoft Internet Explorer

• Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs, click Internet Explorer.

• The Standard Buttons toolbar has a number of buttons that execute frequently used commands for browsing.

• The status bar at the bottom of the window includes several panels that give you information about Internet Explorer’s operations. Transfer progress report & graphical transfer progress

indicator Security zone


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XPEntering a URL in theAddress Bar

• Click at end of current text in the Address bar, then delete any unnecessary or unwanted text from the displayed URL.

• Type the URL of the location that you want to go.

• Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web page in the browser window.


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XPUsing the Favorites List

• The Favorites List lets you store and organize a list of Web pages that you have visited so you can return to them easily.

• You can create folders to store your favorites in.

• You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical structure even after you have stored them.


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XPHyperlink NavigationUsing the Mouse

• Easiest way to move from one Web page to another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks:

Click the hyperlink

After the new Web page has loaded, right-click the Web page’s background

Click Back on the shortcut menu


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XPOther Buttons

• The Back and Forward buttons on the Standard Buttons toolbar and the Back and Forward options on the shortcut menu enable you to move to and from previously visited pages.

• The Refresh button on the Standard Buttons toolbar loads a new copy of the Web page that currently appears in the browser window.

• The Home button on the Standard Buttons toolbar displays the home (or start) page for your copy of Internet Explorer.


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XPPrinting a Web Page

• The Print button on the Standard Buttons toolbar and the Print option on the File menu let you print the current Web frame or page.

• When printing long Web pages, a print option that is extremely useful for saving paper is to reduce the font size of the Web pages before you print them.

• Internet Explorer allows users to preview pages before they print them. Select Print Preview from the File menu.


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XPChecking Web Page Security

• You can check some of the security elements of a Web page by clicking File, Properties, and then the Certificates button.

• Internet Explorer will display security information for the page that appears in the browser window to advise you of the overall security of the page.


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XPGetting Help in Internet Explorer


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XPUsing Internet Explorer toSave a Web Page

• You can save entire Web pages, selected portions of Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web page to a disk.

• You can save a graphic from a Web page by right-clicking on the picture and clicking Save Picture As.

• You can save portions of Web page text so you can use it in other programs.


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XPStarting Netscape Navigator

Click the Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs, point to Netscape 7.0, and then click Navigator


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XPUsing the Navigation andPersonal Toolbars

• The Navigation toolbar includes buttons that execute frequently used commands for browsing the Web.

• You can use the toolbar tabs to hid or show the toolbars quickly.

• The view menu commands are toggles, like a pushbutton switch on a television set.

• You can use the Location bar to enter URLs directly into Navigator.


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XPUsing the Navigation andPersonal Toolbars

Navigator Navigation Toolbar


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XPUsing the Personal Toolbar

• You can customize the Personal toolbar by adding and removing toolbar buttons.

• The Home button loads the program’s defined start page.

• The My Netscape button opens a version of the Netscape’s Home page that you can customize.

• The Bookmarks button opens a list of Web sites whose URLs you have saved.

• You can click the Personal toolbar tab or use the View menu to hide and show the Navigation toolbar and its tab.


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XPUsing the Personal Toolbar


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XPCreating a Bookmark for a Web Site

• You use the bookmark feature to store and organize a list of Web pages that you have visited so that you can return to them easily.

• You can create folders to store your bookmarks in.

• You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical structure.

• You can save your bookmark file on a disk so you can use your bookmarks at another computer.


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XPCreating a Bookmark fora Web Site

• Creating a Bookmarks folder:

Click Bookmarks on the Personal toolbar, and then click Manage Bookmarks.

Click File on the menu bar, and then click New Folder.

Delete the default text in the Create a New Folder named text box, and then type a new folder name.

Click the OK button.


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XPCreating a Bookmark fora Web Site

• Saving a Bookmark in a Bookmarks Folder:

Open the page that you want to bookmark in Navigator.

Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click File Bookmark.

Type a descriptive name in the box.

Select the folder in which you want to save the bookmark and click OK.


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XPHyperlink NavigationUsing the Mouse

• Easiest way to move from one Web page to another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks.

Click the hyperlink.

After the new Web page has loaded, right-click on the Web page’s background.

Click Back on the shortcut menu.


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XPOther Buttons

• The Back and Forward buttons on the Navigation toolbar and the Back and Forward options on the shortcut menu enable you to move to and from recently visited pages.

• The Reload button on the Navigator toolbar loads again the web page the is currently in your browser window.

• The Home button on the Personal toolbar displays the home (or start) page for your copy of Navigator.


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XPPrinting a Web Page

• The Print button on the Navigation toolbar lets you print the current Web frame or page.

• You use this button to make a printed copy of most Web pages (some Web pages disable the Print command).

• You can use the Page Setup dialog box to create custom formats for printing Web pages in Navigator.


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XPChecking Web Page Security

• The Security indicator button is a small picture of a padlock that appears at the right edge of the status bar at the bottom of the Navigator browser window.

• The button will display as either an open padlock icon or a closed padlock icon to indicate whether the Web page was encrypted during transmission from the Web server.

• Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet will be able to decode and read the page’s contents.


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XPManaging Cookies

• Navigator stores all cookies in one file and gives users a tool to manage that file called the Cookie Manager.

• You can delete cookies with the Cookie Manager.

• To delete all cookies that have been stored on your computer, you would click the Remove All Cookies button.


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XPGetting Help in Navigator


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XPUsing Navigator to Save a Web Page

• You can store entire Web pages, selected portions of Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web page to a disk.

• You can save a graphic from a Web page by right-clicking on the picture and clicking Save Image As.

• You can save portions of Web page text so you can use it in other programs.


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XPSummary

• Web pages and Web sites make up the World Wide Web.

• The Web uses a client/server structure in which Web server computers make Web page files available to Web client computers that are running Web browser software.

• Each server computer on the Internet has an IP address that is mapped to a domain name.


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XPSummary

• The domain name plus the Web page filename make up the Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

• All Web browsers have the same basic elements and can be used to explore the Web in similar ways.

• Web browsers display Web pages and maintain a history list that can be used to find pages previously visited.


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XPSummary

• Web browsers allow users to print and save Web pages and elements of Web pages.

• Internet Explorer and Navigator are the two most widely used Web browsers.

xp new perspectives on the internet, 4e tutorial 2 1 browser basics introduction to microsoft...

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