A Comparative Analysis of Political Involvement of Women in South

Korea and in the Philippines

INDUSTRIALIZATIONGENDER EQUALITY

Philippines South Korea

Proportion of

seats held by

women

in the national

government

21.4% 14.7%

*based on 2010 World Bank data

Figure No.1 Proportion of seats held by women

Hypothesis• Ho: Taking South Korea and the

Philippines as case studies, this paper argues that industrialization empowers women to run for a government position and thus purporting gender equality.

• H1:Taking South Korea and the Philippines as case studies, this paper argues that industrialization hinders women to run for a government position and thus purporting gender inequality.

“Performativity cannot be understood outside of a process of iterability, a regularized and constrained repetition of norms. And this repetition is not performed by a subject; this repetition is what enables a subject and constitutes the temporal condition for the subject…” (Butler 1993, p. 5)

Theoretical framework

Conceptual framework

http://www.economist.com/node/17311877

Position Women Men

City Mayor and Provincial

Governor

8 124

District Governor 46 1650

Proportional Representation

of Municipal and Provincial

Assemblies

272 150

Member of Municipal and

Provincial Assembly

214 3,922

Figure No. 2 Number of Korean Women who Run for a Government Position*From Madhabi Bhatta’s article in OhmyNews International Korea (September 25, 2006)

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/43174035_Gender_wage_differences_in_the_Philippines_labour_market

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/158909/more-fun-for-career-women-in-ph%E2%80%93report

http://www.congress.gov.ph/press/details.php?pressid=5143

Plurality: All except Party list

Proportional Representation:

Party list

Survey Question For Political Science Majors:

FOCUS:

1. Factors that hinder or empower women to run for public office

2. Motivation of students who want to enter politics

3. Perceived hindrances of students in running for public office

4. Correlation of industrialization and political involvement of women

01234567

PositiveNegative

Is industrializa-tion advanta-

geous for your country?

How do you think industrial-ization affected the stature of

women in your country?

How are women treated in the

workplace?

Do you want to enter politics in

the future?

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Positive

Negative

Both Positive and Negative

“Industrialization in Korea has brought women in the workplace where various prongs of discrimination are rampant.

Discrimination in the workplace is reflected in the government as well.”

“Industrialization in Korea discouraged women to join politics because this social

and economic change has stereotyped women as the weak and the “lesser”

gender.”

http://www.greens.org/s-r/16/16-07.html

“The political party system of Korea provides a significant venue for

women to participate in politics.”

Enables women to be indirectly elected by the voters

http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20120125-323840.html

“South Korea, a highly industrialized country, can learn from the experience of the Philippines, a developing country, in

terms of encouraging women to join politics.

Filipino-Korean FemaleLeaders Camp

MODULEfor 2 days &

1 night

Time Day1

8:00-9:00 Registration and Breakfast

9:00-9:15 Opening Remarks

9:15-10:30 Team Building Activity (Self Introduction)

10:30-12:00 Cultural Presentation

12:00-1:30 Lunch (Boodle Fight)

1:30-6:00 I am Woman: 여자 and Babae

6:00-7:30 Dinner

7:30-9:00 My Dream for my Country

9:00 Sleeping Time

Time Day2

6:30 Wake Up Time

6:30-9:00 Bath and Breakfast

9:00-10:30 Lecture from a Korean Politician

10:30-12:00 Lecture from a Filipino Politician

12:00-1:30 Lunch

1:30-3:00 Crafting Projects and Legislative Proposals

3:00-4:30 Presentation of Projects and Legislative Proposals

5:00 End