YM, 2010

Earth Science: Earth Science: CST Review CST Review Day #3Day #3

Sun, Meteors, Solar SystemSun, Meteors, Solar System

1. List the 6 major parts of the sun.

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1. List the 6 major parts of 1. List the 6 major parts of the sun.the sun. Interior: 1. core, 2. radiation zone, 3. convection zoneInterior: 1. core, 2. radiation zone, 3. convection zone Surface:Surface:

4. Photosphere4. Photosphere

5. Chromosphere5. Chromosphere

6. Corona6. Corona

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2. Which unit would be most appropriate for measuring the distance between our Sun and the next closest star?

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2. Which unit would be most appropriate for 2. Which unit would be most appropriate for measuring the distance between our Sun and the measuring the distance between our Sun and the next closest star?next closest star?

Light-year (~5.88 trillion miles!!!)Light-year (~5.88 trillion miles!!!) It is the distance light can travel in a vacuum in It is the distance light can travel in a vacuum in

one year.one year.

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3. What part of the sun composes the visible surface which appears as bright yellow to us here on Earth?

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3. What part of the sun 3. What part of the sun composes the visible surface composes the visible surface which appears as bright which appears as bright yellowyellow to us here on Earth?to us here on Earth?

PhotospherePhotosphere

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4. What is the sun’s source of energy called?

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4. What is the sun’s 4. What is the sun’s source of energy source of energy called?called?

Nuclear FusionNuclear Fusion Hydrogen atoms Hydrogen atoms

fuse into heliumfuse into helium

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5. What stage, of the star life cycle, is our sun in?

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5. What stage, of the star life 5. What stage, of the star life cycle, is our sun in?cycle, is our sun in?

Main sequence starMain sequence star Main sequence stars last a few Main sequence stars last a few billion billion years.years.

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6. What is the next stage in the sun’s life cycle?

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6. What is the next stage 6. What is the next stage in the sun’s life cycle?in the sun’s life cycle?

Red Giant–Red Giant– aa star that star that

expands and cools once is loses all its hydrogen expands and cools once is loses all its hydrogen and only helium is leftand only helium is left

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7. 7. How did our solar system begin?

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7. How did our solar system begin?7. How did our solar system begin? Nebular Theory--Nebular Theory-- states that the sun and states that the sun and

planets formed from a rotating disk of dust planets formed from a rotating disk of dust and gases (Nebular cloud).and gases (Nebular cloud).

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8. How were the planets probably formed?

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8. How were the planets probably formed?8. How were the planets probably formed?

Accretion--Accretion-- is a process in which the size of is a process in which the size of something gradually increases by steady something gradually increases by steady addition of smaller partsaddition of smaller parts

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9. What is the shape of all 8 planet’s orbit?

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9. What is the shape of all 8 planet’s orbit?9. What is the shape of all 8 planet’s orbit?

EllipticalElliptical

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10. LIST the 4 Terrestrial Planets:

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10. LIST the 4 Terrestrial Planets:10. LIST the 4 Terrestrial Planets:

1. Mercury1. Mercury 2. Venus2. Venus 3. Earth3. Earth 4. Mars4. Mars

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11. List the 4 Jovian Planets.

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11. List the 4 Jovian11. List the 4 Jovian Planets. Planets.

1. Jupiter1. Jupiter 2. Saturn2. Saturn 3. Uranus3. Uranus 4. Neptune4. Neptune

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12.12. What is the most obvious difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian planets?

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12. What is the most obvious 12. What is the most obvious difference between the difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian terrestrial and the Jovian planets?planets?

SizeSize

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13. 13. Match the planet with the correct description:

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13. 13. Match the planet with the correct Match the planet with the correct description:description:

Closest to the sun--MercuryClosest to the sun--Mercury Has the Great Dark Spot--NeptuneHas the Great Dark Spot--Neptune Hot gassy atmosphere and very high temperatures--VenusHot gassy atmosphere and very high temperatures--Venus Our home--EarthOur home--Earth Rings--SaturnRings--Saturn The largest planet--JupiterThe largest planet--Jupiter The red planet--MarsThe red planet--Mars The sideways planet--UranusThe sideways planet--Uranus

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14. 14. Why does the moon have more craters than Earth?

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14. 14. Why does the moon Why does the moon have more craters than have more craters than Earth?Earth? Weathering and erosion do not occur Weathering and erosion do not occur

on the moon.on the moon.

15. How old is the Earth?

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15. How old is the 15. How old is the Earth?Earth?

4.5 billion years4.5 billion years

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16. Early Earth, 4.5 BYA, was initially covered in melted rock and the atmosphere was made of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

• As Earth cooled, what caused the differentiation of the Earth’s layers?

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16. Early Earth, 4.5 BYA, was initially covered in 16. Early Earth, 4.5 BYA, was initially covered in melted rock and the atmosphere was made of melted rock and the atmosphere was made of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. As Earth cooled, what caused the differentiation of As Earth cooled, what caused the differentiation of the Earth’s layers?the Earth’s layers?

Density of the elementsDensity of the elements More dense elements sunk to form the core and More dense elements sunk to form the core and

lighter elements formed the crust. lighter elements formed the crust.

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17. What is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a few hundred miles to less than half a mile?

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17. What17. What is a small, rocky body whose diameter can is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a few hundred miles to less than half a range from a few hundred miles to less than half a mile?mile?

AsteriodAsteriod

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18. 18. 65 MY ago, a wide range of organisms, among these were dinosaurs, became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period.

• What is this layer of earth called?

• what metal is found in large quantities in this layer?

• how did so much of this metal end up on the Earth’s crust?

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18. 65 MY ago, a wide range of organisms, 18. 65 MY ago, a wide range of organisms, among these were dinosaurs, became among these were dinosaurs, became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period.

*What is this layer of earth called?*What is this layer of earth called?

*what metal is found in large quantities in *what metal is found in large quantities in this layer?this layer?

*how did so much of this metal end up on *how did so much of this metal end up on the Earth’s crust? the Earth’s crust?

K-T Boundary

Iridium

Earth was struck by a meteorite

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1919. Possibly, 4.5 bya, Theia (Mars-sized object), collided with Earth. As a result, what happened?

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19. Possibly, 4.5 bya, 19. Possibly, 4.5 bya, Theia (Mars-sized object), Theia (Mars-sized object), collided with Earth. As a collided with Earth. As a result, what happened?result, what happened?

The moon formed The moon formed

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20. Using the Doppler effect, astronomers can determine a star’s_______?

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20. Using the Doppler 20. Using the Doppler effect, astronomers can effect, astronomers can determine a determine a star’s_______?star’s_______? movement toward or away from

Earth