Earth-1 Product Manual©2010 by THE YOKOHAMA RUBBER CO., LTD. CE076CMSPrinted in Thailand

Reducing CO2 through improved fuel consumption to help prevent global warming —

Based on this concept, we are the first Japanese manufacturers to pay attention to environmental performance.

Our challenge has always been to achieve a balance between environmental performance and dry & wet grip force, the basic performance of a tire.

Grip force must be improved while reducing rolling resistance.

Finally, we have come up with the answer with “Orange Oil”.

“Orange Oil” is combined with natural rubber to create the “Nano Power Rubber” which achieves further fuel efficiency.

Earth-1 reflects research findings over a long period of rubber development —

To deliver a new dimension of environmental performance to as many drivers as possible.

If the CO2 content of the atmosphere increases too much, the ground emits heat received from the sun into the air. Excessive CO2 absorbing heat causes increased atmospheric temperature.

With a moderate amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, what is most important is to reduce CO2 emissions from cars and cities. With safe levels of CO2, heat is diffused into outer space, maintaining a comfortable atmospheric temperature.

The effect of the “twin mode” is further

enhanced by the “Orange Oil” compound.

“Orange Oil” achieves higher elasticity of the rubber to hold

the road, improving frictional force. When some grip is necessary,

on the other hand, it plays a role in causing the rubber to heat.

As a result, the “Orange Oil Compound Nano Power Rubber”

further improves the twin mode employed in our conventional

ECO tire, increasing a tire’s ability to contribute to the environment.

Yokohama contributes to fuel efficiency by reducing rolling resistance.

A car, when driven, encounters various forms of resistance, among which air resistance accounts for approximately 80%.

The remaining 20% includes “rolling resistance”.

The use of an ECO tire with less resistance reduces the degree to which the accelerator needs to be depressed.

In other words, it saves fuel in addition to reducing CO2 emissions.

Achieving a balance between high fuel efficiency and grip force

A tire with “low rolling resistance” is one that prevents its rubber

from being heated excessively while travelling. However, heating to

a moderate temperature is necessary to grip a road surface.

So we have developed a “twin mode” rubber over more than 10 years.

●The “rolling mode” prevents heating when the rubber is

NOT deformed to a large extent (e.g. travelling at a constant speed).

●The “grip mode” causes heating when the rubber is deformed to

a large extent (e.g. when turning, stopping).

Use of tires accounts for 80% of

tire-related CO2 emissions.

During the life cycle of a tire from its production to disposal,

most CO2 is emitted at the time of its use.

Reducing CO2 emissions is therefore our goal.

Fuel efficiency requirements have been further

tightened in Japan, Europe, and the USA.

Fuel efficiency requirements directly related to CO2 emissions are

now a trend worldwide. Positive requirements have been promoted

in Japan and Europe, as well as in the USA.

*The graph above is based on approximate values for Yokohama’s tires. * The red part represents high temperature = high grip

Raw materials Amount when materials are manufactured 4~8%

2~4%

80~90%

6~8%

0 50 100

Production Amount when tires are manufactured

Use Amount when used

Disposal Amount at recycling or disposal

CO2 emissions in the life cycle of a tire:

Rubber heating simulation at a nano level:

How is CO2 reduction related to preventing global warming?

The Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry have developed a new fuel efficiency standard for vehicles. This requires car manufacturers to improve the fuel efficiency of vehicles, and expects further advances in fuel efficiency technology. When this standard is achieved, the fuel efficiency of vehicles will have been improved by an average of 23.5% (compared to fiscal 2004) by the target year of 2015.

A major reduction of CO2 emissions for new vehicles sold within the EU was proposed in February 2007. This proposal requires car manufacturers to emit 130 grams of CO2 every kilometer by 2012 and to reduce another 10 grams by improving tires. This means a strict standard to reduce CO2 emissions by 35% compared to 1995.

The “Bill on Self-sufficiency of Energy Supply and Security Assurance” was adopted by the Upper and Lower Houses. The basis of this bill is to improve Corporate Automotive Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) by approximately 40% by 2020.* CAFE: fuel efficiency by model of each manufacturer which is weighted-averaged for the number of new cars sold

*Researched by Yokohama Rubber (2008): summary of information from various press releases

Our conventional rubber

Our general fuel-efficient rubber

Orange Oil Compound Nano Power Rubber

Grip mode(Turning, stopping)

Rolling mode(Travelling at a constant speed)

Accumulated efforts around the world will change the future of our planet.

Global warming has resulted mainly from greenhouse gases including CO2. These gases increase as we use fossil fuels,

which consequently heats the Earth. To stop that, nations, cities, and people have worked together to reduce CO2 emissions in

the hope their tiny efforts will together save the Earth. Our new ECO tire is also one of those small ways by which to save our plants.

S<<Simulated image>

“Twin mode” controls heating of rubber.

High temperatureHigh grip

Low temperatureLow grip

Our conventional rubber

Our general fuel-efficient rubber

Normal driving Active driving

Grip mode

Rolling mode

A car’s travel resistance

Tire’s rolling resistance: 20%

Air resistance etc.:80%

Internal friction resistance

of components: 15%

Tire’s rolling direction: 20%

Air resistance: 65%

Travelling direction

(100 km/h, travelling at a constant speed) (Researched by Yokohama Rubber)

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

<Simulated image>

CO2CO2CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2

<Simulated image>

Rolls to here

Ordinary tire (our conventional product)

Less rolling resistance allows the tire to travel further.

ECO tire (Earth-1)

Japan

Europe

USA

The world is now working to stop global warming.

ECOTIRE for Earth

03-04

N E W

Coalescent Rubber

1998 2001 2005 2008

inch up

Nano Power RubberCoalescent Rubber II

Our support for social activities that contribute to the environment

We support Mr. Ukyo Katayama, who participated in

Dakar 2009 using bio-diesel fuel made from 100% recycled

waste frying oil, as part of activities for the next generation of

motorization.

A third function evolved step by step over a decade: High fuel efficiency.

As the first Japanese manufacturer to focus on high fuel

efficiency, we released the ECO tire for the first time in 1988.

In addition to “travelling, turning, and stopping” and “comfort

and quietness” as the basic functions of a tire, our concept

proposed a third function by which “fuel efficiency is achieved

for the sake of environment”. Over a ten-year period,

we gradually improved the high fuel efficiency function

while accumulating know-how as a pioneer.

History of “rolling resistance” (concept diagram)

High

Rolling resistance

LowASPEC dB

Releasedin 1998

DNA dB ES500Releasedin 2000

DNA dB ES501Releasedin 2004

Movement/safetyIncluding travelling, turning, and stopping. Sports or safety performance.

Comfort NoiseVibrationHarshness

Environment Performance increasingly important to save the environment in the future. Rolling resistance is reduced by 10% compared to our conventional product✻

“Earth-1 dedicated Nano Power Rubber” with “Orange Oil” further reduces rolling

resistance. ✻Compared to A300

Features of “Earth-1”

Grip force is obtained through “Orange Oil”, and rolling resistance is reduced through natural rubber.

Employing a newly-developed compound, Earth-1 achieves a better balance between the conflicting two measures of performances.

We seek further to improve performance related to comfort, quietness, and uneven wear resistance.

Earth-1 dedicated Nano Power Rubber is the aggregate of the ECO tire technologies we have developed

Nano Power Rubber is a new compound that further improves fuel efficiency performance and

wet braking. A compound of natural rubber and “Orange Oil” ensures high grip force while

minimizing rolling resistance in our product line.

Improving wet performance

Orange Oil improves wet performance.

Also, we adopt a new tread pattern to improve wet performance.

1

2

POINT

POINT

Pursuing a more comfortable driving experience

The round profile that improves driving experience adopts our original new technology.

Improved quietness sustains further silence

We pay attention to noise caused by uneven wear of blocks. Adopting a new pattern reduces noise caused by wear.

Our original pattern technology restricts uneven wear

We employ newly-developed wear control shoulders at both sides, which reduce tire noise as well as uneven wear.

3POINT 4POINT 5POINT

“Orange Oil” changes ECO tires.Our ECO tire development looks ahead to the future.

Earth-1 dedicated Nano Power Rubber (microscope photo: color processed for clarity)

500nm

Earth-1 dedicated Nano Power Rubber is the aggregate of our advanced technologies

High fuel efficiency GripHigh fuel efficiency and grip

Orange Oil

Earth-1dedicated

Nano PowerRubber

Natural rubberSilica

The round profile that improves driving experience adopts our original new technology.

Natural rubber has lower rolling resistance and high uneven wear resistance, contributing to high fuel efficiency under normal driving conditions.

Orange Oil makes rubber more elastic and helps it to hold the road. It promotes the heating of rubber during active driving to ensure higher grip force.

Orange Oil ensures

grip force while achieving

higher fuel efficiency.

✻Products for the Japanese market

NEW ECOTIRE by YOKOHAMA

05-06

Comfort, quietness, and uneven wear resistance — our unique technology improves basic performance.

Earth-1 dedicated Nano Power Rubber controls tire heat.

“Orange Oil” makes rubber molecules “elastic” — a unique relationship that leads to a new level of performance.

Allowing rubber to hold the road more elastically improves frictional force.

As a natural material, “Orange Oil” easily settles in oils or rubber, penetrating into gaps between tightly intertwined polymers to

allow the rubber to be more elastic. We have focused on the functions of “Orange Oil” components to create a compound that makes

a stiff rubber more elastic and ensures it penetrates into minute depressions in a road to provide grip.

“Orange Oil” that penetrates and settles into the rubber, making the tire surface elastic so that the rubber holds onto

minute projections of the road at a micro level. Enlarging the ground contact area improves frictional force and ensures grip force.

“Orange Oil” also promotes the heating of rubber during hard driving.

Further, it plays a role in controlling the twin mode according to driving conditions.

Controlling heat necessary for grip at a higher level

Our twin mode concept is to control each tire’s temperature during

hard or normal driving. “Orange Oil” promotes heating at the time

of hard driving when rubber molecules of a tire move vigorously,

achieving a balance between the reduction of rolling resistance

and good grip force.

Orange Oil makes stiff rubber molecules more elastic.The Orange Oil component penetrates into gaps made between tightly intertwined polymers to provide the rubber with elasticity.

Our conventional rubberSmall projections on the road create gaps, reducing grip force.

Earth-1 dedicated Nano Power RubberThe functions of “Orange Oil” add elasticity to natural rubber, improving its adhesiveness to the road at a micro level.

Road

Tire

07- 0<Simulated image>

<Simulated image>

<Simulated image>

<Simulated image>

Polymer

Orange Oil

Orange Oil

promotes heating.

Our conventional product

High fuel efficiency

High grip

Normal driving

High temperatureHigh grip

Low temperatureLow grip

Hard driving

Newly-designed round profile controls upthrust from the road.

Earth-1 employs a unique profile with a round shoulder.

The shoulder supporting the entire tire is likely to receive the most impact from the road. Therefore, the new profile optimizes

the grounding shape to release force concentrated at the shoulder. In addition, homogenized contact pressure efficiently disperses

impacts from the road, enhancing the vibrational absorption of the entire tire and improving driving comfort.

Newly-developed patterns dedicated to Earth-1 for various needs

We employ new patterns that achieve, at a high level, total performance including wet braking,

uneven wear resistance, and quietness, by incorporating a variety of our unique pattern

technologies such as the newly-developed arrow groove and wear control shoulder.

Wear control shoulder

The wear control shoulder controls uneven wear with the vertical and horizontal grooves and contributes to quietness when wear is caused.

Arrow groove

Center rib

Silent sipes

Groove in groove

Anomalous three-pitch variations

Wide straight groove

Wear control shoulder controls uneven wear.

The wear control shoulder controls uneven wear and contributes to quietness when wear is caused. The rigid rib positioned at

the inner side of each block firmly supports load during cornering to control uneven wear. Uneven wear on a single shoulder block

results in more noise, while the rib promotes even wear to keep noise levels low when wear occurs.

Wear control shoulder (with the rigid rib)Our conventional shoulder (with no rigid rib)

<Simulated image>

<Simulated image><Simulated image>

Sectional view (at the time of wear)

The jagged part contacting the road causes road noise.Front view

Less road noise due to smooth rollingSectional view

(at the time of wear)Front view

This adopts three different sizes and two different shapes — a total of six different types of block. Dispersing impact noise made when blocks contact the ground reduces pattern noise.

The arrow-shaped groove ensures good drainage. Further, a vertical block at

the internal side ensures rigidity under braking.

The rib positioned at the center of the tread pattern functions to improve handling response.

This thin groove employed in the shoulder block reduces pattern noise echoing under the vehicle and improves quietness.

Smaller grooves are adopted on the groove wall to ease stress at

the block edge and control uneven wear.

These are four straight grooves that control hydroplaning on wet roads and

provide high wet performance.

Controlling uneven wear of blocks (heel-and-toe wear) to keep noise levels low

Our conventional rubber with high fuel efficiency

Technology for Earth-1

07-08

Wet braking distance reduced by 9.2 meters

Conventional product(A300)

Earth-1

56.7 m

47.5 m 9.2 m reduced

Noise reduced by 2.2 dB (A)

Conventional product(A300)

Earth-1

59.8 dB (A)

57.6 dB (A)

Rolling resistance reduced by 10%

Conventional product(A300)

Good rolling

Poor rolling

Rolling resistance

Earth-1

10090

Rolling resistance value Comparable product (Earth-1): 8.7 (A300): 9.7 <Testing method> Measuring rolling resistance coefficients (RRC) with Yokohama’s indoor drum resistance tester. <Testing conditions> Tire size: 185/65R14 86H (Earth-1), 185/65R14 86H (A300), rim size: 14 x 5-1/2JJ, pneumatic pressure : 230 kPa, load: 3.5 kN

Wet braking Comparable product (Earth-1): 47.5 m / (A300) : 56.7 m <Testing method> Brake test by equipping GPS measuring instrument. Measuring braking distance five times each to calculate the mean of the three values excluding maximum and minimum values. <Testing conditions> Yokohama Rubber Test Course road: asphalt, braking speed: 100 km/h, water depth: 2.5 mm, tire size: 185/65R14 86H (Earth-1), 185/65R14 86H (A300), rim size: 14 x 5-1/2JJ, pneumatic pressure : 230 kPa, vehicle: Toyota VIOS, number of passengers: 2

In-car quietness Comparative product (Earth-1): 57.6 dB (A), (A300): 59.8 dB (A) <Testing method> Measuring in-car noise from Pattern noise when travelling on a test course. <Testing conditions> Yokohama Rubber Test Course Circular track, road surface: asphalt, microphone position: center inside the vehicle, speed: 60 km/h, tire size: 185/65R14 86H (Earth-1), 185/65R14 86H (A300), rim size: 14 x 5-1/2JJ, pneumatic pressure : 230 kPa, vehicle: Toyota VIOS, number of passengers: 2

Earth-1 adopts a newly-developed compound with Orange Oil, which is

the aggregation of our ECO tire technologies.

It is a new-generation ECO tire in which reduction of rolling resistance achieves

a good balance between high fuel efficiency and wet performance.

Improving on our conventional Nano Power Rubber, we

employ a new compound tuned exclusively for Earth-1,

which reduces the rolling resistance by 10% compared to

our conventional product. A product that boasts our highest

fuel efficiency performance is recommended to those

customers who place greater emphasis on fuel efficiency.

“Orange Oil” extracted from orange peels is a compound

dedicated for Nano Power Rubber to add elasticity to the

rubber and improve adhesiveness to the road at a micro

level. The force to grip the road is especially effective on

slippery wet roads. Orange Oil promotes heating when

driving hard (e.g. when cornering and braking) to ensure

grip force. Further, the arrow groove adopted in the tread

pattern ensures good drainage and the vertical block in

the circumferential direction ensures rigidity when braking,

which improves wet performance.

The product employs a newly-designed round profile to

optimize the grounding shape at the shoulder where

impact from the road is likely to be concentrated and

effectively disperses that impact, enhancing the vibrational

absorption of the entire tire and improving driving comfort.

The “Silent Sipe”, a thin groove adopted for the shoulder

block, reduces pattern noise. Further, the “wear control

shoulder” reduces heel-and-toe wear, ensuring quietness

after wear.

The rib with high rigidity at the internal side of each block

is employed as a “wear control shoulder” to firmly

support the load caused when cornering and to control

uneven wear.

Earth-1 dedicated

Nano Power Rubber

A good opportunity

when replacing tires —

why not think of fuel efficiency?

Responding to customers’ needs Technology introduced Sales talk

Do you worry about wet performance

when driving in the rain with

your loving family and friends?

Are you looking for

a more comfortable tire?

Quietness also matters, doesn’t it?

A great product if you are concerned

about uneven wear!

Wear control

shoulder

Silent Sipes

Wear control

shoulder

Round profile

Orange Oil

Arrow groove

High fuelefficiency

Wetperformance

Ride qualityEconomicefficiency

Safety Comfort

1 2 3

40

45

50

55

45

50

55

60

655055

60

65

60

65

195/40R17 81W205/40R17 80W215/40R17 83W245/40R17 91W255/40R17 94W205/45R17 84W215/45R17 91W225/45R17 91W235/45R17 94W205/50R17 93V215/50R17 91V225/50R17 94W205/55R17 91V215/55R17 94V225/55R17 97W195/45R16 80W205/45R16 83W205/50R16 87V225/50R16 92V195/55R16 87V205/55R16 91V215/55R16 93V175/60R16 82H195/60R16 89H205/60R16 92H215/60R16 95H225/60R16 98H205/65R16 95H195/50R15 82V185/55R15 82V195/55R15 85V185/60R15 84H195/60R15 88H205/60R15 91H185/65R15 88H195/65R15 91H205/65R15 94H165/60R14 75H175/60R14 79H185/60R14 82H175/65R14 82H185/65R14 86H

588596604628636616626634644638648658658668680582590612632620632642616640652664676672577585595603615627621635647554566578584596

200212218248260206213225236214226233214226233195206214233201214226177201209221228209201194201189201209189201209170177189177189

7J71/2J71/2J81/2J

9J7J7J

71/2J8J

61/2J7J7J

61/2J7J7J

61/2J7J

61/2J7J6J

61/2J7J5J6J6J

61/2J61/2J

6J6J6J6J

51/2J6J6J

51/2J6J6J5J5J

51/2J5J

51/2J

17

16

15

14

Tire sizeTire profile(%)

Inches Tire’s external diameter(mm)

Tire’s overall width(mm)

Standard rim width(inches)

The tire dimensions (external diameter and overall width) refer to the design values specified in JATMA/ETRTO.

refers to reinforced standards. Earth-1 tires are equipped with a rim protect bar except for the 60/65 series.

Pattern No.

Tire profile: 40/45/50/55/60/65%EP400

Earth-1 Summary of Features Earth-1 Data

SALES TALK&DATA

09-10