YOU ARE NOW ENTERING YOU ARE NOW ENTERING INTO A WORLD OF KNIGHTS, INTO A WORLD OF KNIGHTS, CASTLES AND DEVASTATING CASTLES AND DEVASTATING

BATTLES.BATTLES.

ARE YOU READY…ARE YOU READY…

WITH MAXIMUM ADDITIONS OF HISTORICAL FICTION, NONFICTIONAL FACTS, AND LITERARY TERMS INCORPORATED.

Welcome to the World of Welcome to the World of Medieval TimesMedieval Times

Here you will learn about Medieval Times, Here you will learn about Medieval Times, and four different characters from four and four different characters from four different books who lived in those time. different books who lived in those time. Amazingly enough, you will learn about Amazingly enough, you will learn about literary terms.literary terms.

Sword of the Rightful KingSword of the Rightful KingWritten by: Jane YolenWritten by: Jane Yolen

Read by: Nick PageRead by: Nick Page

Brief Synopsis:Brief Synopsis:The newly crowned King Arthur has yet to win the The newly crowned King Arthur has yet to win the

support of the people. Merlin must do something support of the people. Merlin must do something before the king is betrayed, or murdered, or--worst before the king is betrayed, or murdered, or--worst of all--gets married. So Merlin creates a trick: a of all--gets married. So Merlin creates a trick: a sword magically placed into a slab of rock that sword magically placed into a slab of rock that only Arthur can withdraw. Then he lets it be known only Arthur can withdraw. Then he lets it be known that whosoever removes the blade will rule all of that whosoever removes the blade will rule all of England, and invites any man who would dare, to England, and invites any man who would dare, to try to pull out the sword.try to pull out the sword.But then someone else pulls the sword out But then someone else pulls the sword out firstfirst. . . . . .

Literary Terms In ContextLiterary Terms In Context

Protagonist- Chief character usually trying to Protagonist- Chief character usually trying to accomplish some objective or working toward accomplish some objective or working toward some goal.some goal.

The Protagonist of the story is Gawaine. He is The Protagonist of the story is Gawaine. He is the son of the Queen of the North, and becomes the son of the Queen of the North, and becomes stuck in between a battle for the Kingdom of stuck in between a battle for the Kingdom of Britain. Arthur and Merlinnus also play important Britain. Arthur and Merlinnus also play important roles throughout the story, on the side of the roles throughout the story, on the side of the protagonist.protagonist.

Continued…Continued…

Antagonist- One who opposes and contends Antagonist- One who opposes and contends against another; the adversary of the book.against another; the adversary of the book.

The Antagonist of the story is Gawaine’s mother, The Antagonist of the story is Gawaine’s mother, the Queen of the North. She aspires for her son the Queen of the North. She aspires for her son to be the High King, thus giving her supreme to be the High King, thus giving her supreme influence over everything. Going to such influence over everything. Going to such extremes as trickery, deception, and attempted extremes as trickery, deception, and attempted murder, she does everything in her power to murder, she does everything in her power to overthrow Arthur and his associates in order to overthrow Arthur and his associates in order to gain power.gain power.

Point-of-ViewPoint-of-View Point of View- the perspective from which the story is told. Point of View- the perspective from which the story is told. First PersonFirst Person or "I." or "I." Third Person Omniscient-Third Person Omniscient- reader knows everything, may reveal reader knows everything, may reveal

the motivations, thoughts and feelings of the characters, and gives the motivations, thoughts and feelings of the characters, and gives the reader information. the reader information.

Third Person Limited- Third Person Limited- the material is presented from the point of the material is presented from the point of view of a character, in third person. view of a character, in third person.

Objective- Objective- presents the action and the characters' speech, without presents the action and the characters' speech, without comment or emotion. The reader has to interpret them and uncover comment or emotion. The reader has to interpret them and uncover their meaning. their meaning.

In the book…In the book… This story is written primarily in a third person point of view where This story is written primarily in a third person point of view where

you follow the main character, yet see the story from many you follow the main character, yet see the story from many characters opinions. However, the book stays on the limited mark, characters opinions. However, the book stays on the limited mark, because nothing very important is revealed straight off, more is because nothing very important is revealed straight off, more is learned through objective observations of characters actions. learned through objective observations of characters actions.

Important CharactersImportant Characters Gawaine- Son of the wicked Queen of the North, heir to the throne, possible heir to Gawaine- Son of the wicked Queen of the North, heir to the throne, possible heir to

the High throne, stuck in the middle of a conflict between two powers, protagonist of the High throne, stuck in the middle of a conflict between two powers, protagonist of the storythe story

Arthur- Primary hero. High King of Britain, in feud with the Queen of the North over Arthur- Primary hero. High King of Britain, in feud with the Queen of the North over control of his kingdom. Tries to gain trust and sense of legitimacy to the throne by his control of his kingdom. Tries to gain trust and sense of legitimacy to the throne by his people through the “sword in the stone” fiasco.people through the “sword in the stone” fiasco.

Merlinnus- Mage of the High King. Uses slight of hand, mystic powers and power of Merlinnus- Mage of the High King. Uses slight of hand, mystic powers and power of suggestion to persuade others. Devises the “sword in the stone” set up. Major advisor suggestion to persuade others. Devises the “sword in the stone” set up. Major advisor and good friend of Arthur. Observant and a strong influence on the events in the and good friend of Arthur. Observant and a strong influence on the events in the story. story.

Queen of the North- Mother of Gawaine, antagonist, seeks High King throne, and Queen of the North- Mother of Gawaine, antagonist, seeks High King throne, and ultimately, whatever power she can possess. Sorceress in her own right, and tries to ultimately, whatever power she can possess. Sorceress in her own right, and tries to kill Arthur. kill Arthur.

Agravaine, Gareth and Gaheris- Younger sons of Morgause, Queen of the North, sent Agravaine, Gareth and Gaheris- Younger sons of Morgause, Queen of the North, sent to Arthur’s court with Gawaine.to Arthur’s court with Gawaine.

Gawen- Mysterious apprentice of Merlinnus, adds complexity and suspence to the Gawen- Mysterious apprentice of Merlinnus, adds complexity and suspence to the story through his unclear past and present motives. story through his unclear past and present motives.

Sir Kay and Sir Lancelot- Prominent Knights of the Round Table, ultimate loyalty to Sir Kay and Sir Lancelot- Prominent Knights of the Round Table, ultimate loyalty to Arthur. Arthur.

SettingSetting

The book is placed back in the middle The book is placed back in the middle ages, during the time of King Arthur and ages, during the time of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. the Knights of the Round Table.

Many elements of the story are actual Many elements of the story are actual historical truth, others legends, and some historical truth, others legends, and some purely fiction, to add action and suspence purely fiction, to add action and suspence to the story. to the story.

The legend of the sword in the stone is The legend of the sword in the stone is one that is well known, and widely used.one that is well known, and widely used.

Legend of the Sword in the StoneLegend of the Sword in the Stone Excalibur is the mythical sword of King Arthur, sometimes attributed with magical powers or Excalibur is the mythical sword of King Arthur, sometimes attributed with magical powers or

associated with the rightful sovereignty of Great Britain. Sometimes Excalibur and the Sword in associated with the rightful sovereignty of Great Britain. Sometimes Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone (the proof of Arthur's lineage) are said to be the same weapon, but in most versions the Stone (the proof of Arthur's lineage) are said to be the same weapon, but in most versions they are considered separate. The sword was associated with the Arthurian legend very early; in they are considered separate. The sword was associated with the Arthurian legend very early; in Welsh, the sword was called Caledfwlch. Welsh, the sword was called Caledfwlch.

Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone In surviving accounts of Arthur, there are two originally separate legends about the sword's In surviving accounts of Arthur, there are two originally separate legends about the sword's

origin. The first is the "Sword in the Stone" legend, originally appearing in Robert de Boron's origin. The first is the "Sword in the Stone" legend, originally appearing in Robert de Boron's poem Merlin, in which Excalibur can only be drawn from the stone by Arthur, the rightful king. The poem Merlin, in which Excalibur can only be drawn from the stone by Arthur, the rightful king. The second comes from the later Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin, which was taken up by Sir Thomas second comes from the later Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin, which was taken up by Sir Thomas Malory. Here, Arthur receives Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake after breaking his first sword, Malory. Here, Arthur receives Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake after breaking his first sword, called Caliburn, in a fight with King Pellinore. The Lady of the Lake calls the sword "Excalibur, called Caliburn, in a fight with King Pellinore. The Lady of the Lake calls the sword "Excalibur, that is as to say as Cut-steel," and Arthur takes it from a hand rising out of the lake. that is as to say as Cut-steel," and Arthur takes it from a hand rising out of the lake.

As Arthur lay dying, he tells a reluctant Sir Bedivere (Sir Griflet in some versions) to return the As Arthur lay dying, he tells a reluctant Sir Bedivere (Sir Griflet in some versions) to return the sword to the lake by throwing it into the water. Bedivere thinks the sword too precious to throw sword to the lake by throwing it into the water. Bedivere thinks the sword too precious to throw away, so twice only pretends to do so. Each time, Arthur asks him to describe what he saw. away, so twice only pretends to do so. Each time, Arthur asks him to describe what he saw. When Bedivere tells him the sword simply vanished underwater, Arthur scolds him harshly. When Bedivere tells him the sword simply vanished underwater, Arthur scolds him harshly. Finally, Bedivere throws Excalibur into the lake. Before the sword strikes the water's surface, the Finally, Bedivere throws Excalibur into the lake. Before the sword strikes the water's surface, the hand reaches up to grasp it and pull it under. Arthur leaves on a death barge with the three hand reaches up to grasp it and pull it under. Arthur leaves on a death barge with the three queens to Avalon, where as his legend says, he will one day return to save Britain from a threat. queens to Avalon, where as his legend says, he will one day return to save Britain from a threat. Malory records both versions of the legend in his Le Morte d'Arthur, and confusingly calls both Malory records both versions of the legend in his Le Morte d'Arthur, and confusingly calls both swords Excalibur. The film Excalibur attempts to rectify this by having the Lady of the Lake only swords Excalibur. The film Excalibur attempts to rectify this by having the Lady of the Lake only repair the sword after it is broken. repair the sword after it is broken.

The King’s Arrow SummaryThe King’s Arrow Summary

Simon is a young man who is trying to make it Simon is a young man who is trying to make it through life. He is doing what he needs to do in through life. He is doing what he needs to do in this world, but he is noticed by King William this world, but he is noticed by King William II. The king offers him a chance to go hunting II. The king offers him a chance to go hunting with him. They both go hunting with a few with him. They both go hunting with a few other people. Suddenly there is chaos when the other people. Suddenly there is chaos when the king gets shot and dies. Simon is accused of king gets shot and dies. Simon is accused of being an assassin. Simon is on the run for his being an assassin. Simon is on the run for his life. No one knows who really killed the king.life. No one knows who really killed the king.

Protagonist (Simon)Protagonist (Simon)

Friendly man that is living life as his father Friendly man that is living life as his father taught him.taught him.

Accused of killing the king.Accused of killing the king. Kind to everyone. Kind to everyone.

Antagonist (persecutors) Antagonist (persecutors)

All the people that think Simon killed the All the people that think Simon killed the king.king.

Consists of Guards, some citizens, and Consists of Guards, some citizens, and other hunters.other hunters.

They want to capture Simon and kill him.They want to capture Simon and kill him.They truly don’t know for sure if Simon They truly don’t know for sure if Simon

killed the king.killed the king.

ThemeTheme

The theme of this book is: The theme of this book is:

People make to many assumptionsPeople make to many assumptionsThis is because in the book Simon is This is because in the book Simon is

accused immediately as some people accused immediately as some people would.would.

Point of ViewPoint of View

33rdrd person personDoesn’t use I or me in it. Instead it uses Doesn’t use I or me in it. Instead it uses

Simon for the main character.Simon for the main character. It is limited omniscient.It is limited omniscient.The reader can only see into Simon’s The reader can only see into Simon’s

mind.mind.

IronyIrony

Situational IronySituational IronyEverything was fine with Simon but Everything was fine with Simon but

suddenly it all changed with the kings suddenly it all changed with the kings death. death.

SymbolSymbol

Simon’s horse is a symbolSimon’s horse is a symbol It is a symbol of friendshipIt is a symbol of friendshipThey both go through a lot but stick They both go through a lot but stick

togethertogether

The Book of the Lion SummaryThe Book of the Lion Summary

A crusade is going on in the world. After A crusade is going on in the world. After being attacked by knights Edmond being attacked by knights Edmond decides to go train to become a knight. decides to go train to become a knight. After becoming an apprentice him and his After becoming an apprentice him and his master decide to help in battle. They soon master decide to help in battle. They soon realize how tragic the battle is. They make realize how tragic the battle is. They make an executive decision to go back home.an executive decision to go back home.

Protagonist (Edmund)Protagonist (Edmund)

Week minded boyWeek minded boyStrives to become a knightStrives to become a knightBecomes an apprentice but cannot handle Becomes an apprentice but cannot handle

the battles.the battles.

Antagonist (Muslims)Antagonist (Muslims)

The enemy soldiers of Edmond and his The enemy soldiers of Edmond and his master.master.

They have a plot to win the crusade.They have a plot to win the crusade.

ThemeTheme

The theme of this book is:The theme of this book is:

Courage and Compassion are tested in Courage and Compassion are tested in war.war.

You must have courage to win a battle.You must have courage to win a battle.You must lose Compassion to finally killYou must lose Compassion to finally kill

SymbolSymbol

The masters sword. The masters sword. It is a symbol of death.It is a symbol of death. It was made to kill.It was made to kill.

IronyIrony

Situational ironySituational ironyEdmond is fired up for his adventure but Edmond is fired up for his adventure but

then he is traumatized by battle and has to then he is traumatized by battle and has to turn back.turn back.

Point of ViewPoint of View

33rdrd person personDoes not say I or meDoes not say I or meLimited OmniscientLimited OmniscientCan only see into Edmonds mindCan only see into Edmonds mind

The Executioner’s DaughterThe Executioner’s Daughter

Written By Laura E. WilliamsWritten By Laura E. WilliamsProtagonist: LilyProtagonist: LilyAntagonist: The TownspeopleAntagonist: The TownspeopleSetting: EnglandSetting: EnglandTime Era: Medieval timesTime Era: Medieval times

SummarySummary

Set in Medieval England, a girl named Lily who, like the Set in Medieval England, a girl named Lily who, like the Novel’s Title suggest, is the Executioner’s daughter. The Novel’s Title suggest, is the Executioner’s daughter. The Society there views her family as an outcast because of Society there views her family as an outcast because of her father’s gruesome occupation. To carry that title was her father’s gruesome occupation. To carry that title was a huge burden for Lily, especially when the executioner’s a huge burden for Lily, especially when the executioner’s former assistant, Lily’s mother, passes away. Lily then former assistant, Lily’s mother, passes away. Lily then switches the title of the executioner’s daughter, to the switches the title of the executioner’s daughter, to the executioner’s assistant. Refusing to accept her destiny, executioner’s assistant. Refusing to accept her destiny, Lily tries to find a way to change it. This book focuses on Lily tries to find a way to change it. This book focuses on the hardship young girls in that time had to face.the hardship young girls in that time had to face.

Literary TermsLiterary Terms

The Protagonist- The main character the The Protagonist- The main character the story is revolving around. In the story, the story is revolving around. In the story, the Protagonist is trying to achieve something.Protagonist is trying to achieve something.

Lily is a kind thirteen-year-old girl who is Lily is a kind thirteen-year-old girl who is trying to escape her destiny of becoming a trying to escape her destiny of becoming a Executioner’s Assistant. Her real passion Executioner’s Assistant. Her real passion is to be a healer and heal animals and is to be a healer and heal animals and people.people.

AntagonistAntagonist

Antagonist- A character or characters that Antagonist- A character or characters that opposes the Protagonist. He/She tries to opposes the Protagonist. He/She tries to make a conflict with the protagonist and make a conflict with the protagonist and prevents him/her from reaching their goalprevents him/her from reaching their goal

The townsfolk has always viewed Lily’s The townsfolk has always viewed Lily’s family like an outcast. They always throw family like an outcast. They always throw rotten eggs at Lily and the town boys rotten eggs at Lily and the town boys seem to never stop taunting her.seem to never stop taunting her.

ThemeTheme

Theme- An Idea that the Writer is trying to Theme- An Idea that the Writer is trying to convey to his readersconvey to his readers

The theme in The theme in The Executioner’s Daughter The Executioner’s Daughter was: was: It is possible to change your destiny.It is possible to change your destiny.At the End of the novel, Lily is finally free from At the End of the novel, Lily is finally free from

becoming the executioner’s assistant.becoming the executioner’s assistant.

MotifMotif

Motif- a recurring object, concept in the Motif- a recurring object, concept in the storystory

Lilies father constantly drank alcohol and Lilies father constantly drank alcohol and because of that, his anger was out of because of that, his anger was out of control and his judgment was very control and his judgment was very disoriented.disoriented.

I hope you weren’t sleeping, because I hope you weren’t sleeping, because now you’re done!now you’re done!

Now you know some literary terms and Now you know some literary terms and you can now use them in context!you can now use them in context!

You also learned some information about You also learned some information about the Middle Ages. Time to show off to your the Middle Ages. Time to show off to your friends!!friends!!

You are now officially…You are now officially… Educated in the ways of the Middle Ages.Educated in the ways of the Middle Ages. An expert on the ways authors incorporate historical truth in fiction An expert on the ways authors incorporate historical truth in fiction

novels to spike interest and give meaning to their work. novels to spike interest and give meaning to their work. Heavily read on the legends and lore surrounding the Middle Ages Heavily read on the legends and lore surrounding the Middle Ages

and the works pertaining to them. and the works pertaining to them. Done with this presentation, give yourself a pat on the back, you Done with this presentation, give yourself a pat on the back, you

made it through the ages of kings and cavaliers. You now know made it through the ages of kings and cavaliers. You now know more than any mortal should, and have read four books without more than any mortal should, and have read four books without picking up a page.picking up a page.

But most importantly…But most importantly…

You Are Now…You Are Now… A Junior Knight of the Diagonal Table!!!A Junior Knight of the Diagonal Table!!!

Cheers?Cheers?