young children’s early learning and development dr. hawley ...•rolls over in both directions...

YOUNG CHILDREN’S EARLY LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT

DR. HAWLEY 2017

WHY LEARN ABOUT YOUNG CHILDREN’S DEVELOPMENT?

• AWARENESS OF DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

• AWARENESS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS

• PROMOTES PARENT/FAMILY EDUCATION

• REINFORCES PROTECTIVE MEASURES/FACTORS

2-4 MONTHS WHAT CAN I CAN DO??

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

• BABIES PAY ATTENTION TO FACES-LOVE FACES

• BEGIN TO TRACK WITH EYES AND CAN RECOGNIZE FAMILIAR

PEOPLE FROM A DISTANCE

• MAKES CUES KNOWN

• RESPONDS TO PARENT/CARING ADULT/AFFECTION

• REACHES FOR OBJECT WITH ONE HAND

• HAND EYE COORDINATION (USES HANDS AND EYES TOGETHER

FOR PREFERRED OUTCOME-REACHING FOR A DESIRED ITEM

LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION

• COUES AND MAKES GURGLING SOUNDS

• TURNS HEAD TOWARDS SOUNDS

• BABBLES

• BABBLES WITH EXPRESSION (SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL)

• ALTERNATES CRIES TO GET NEEDS MET (TIRED, HUNGRY, IN PAIN,

FRUSTRATED)

GROSS AND FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

• HOLDS HEAD UP

• PUSHES UP WHEN LAYING ON TUMMY

• LESS JERKY MOVEMENTS WITH ARMS AND LEGS

• PUSHES LEGS DOWN WHEN FEET ARE PLANTED ON A HARD

SURFACE

• MIGHT BE ABLE TO ROLL OVER FROM TUMMY TO BACK

• HOLDS AN OBJECT/TOY AND SHAKES IT

• BRINGS HAND TO MOUTH

• WHEN PLACED ON TUMMY PUSHES UP TO ELBOWS

SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

WHAT CAN I DO…..

• BRIEFLY SELF SOOTHES (HANDS TO MOUTH/SUCK ON HAND)

• STARTS TO SMILE

• GAZES PARENT/PRIMARY CAREGIVER

AND …..

• SMILES AT PEOPLE

• COPIES SOME FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

• LIKES SOCIAL INTERACTION WITH PEOPLE

6-9 MONTHS WHAT I CAN DO…


• LIKES TO PLAY AND BE WITH OTHERS

• IS SENSITIVE TO AND RESPONDS TO OTHERS EMOTIONS

• STRANGER ANXIETY EMERGES

• LIKES TO LOOK AT SELF

• LOOKS FOR HIDDEN OBJECTS /EXPLORES IN MIRROR

• PLAYS GAMES LIKE PEEK-A-BOO

• MOUTHS OBJECTS

• CAN DEFTLY MOVE ITEMS FROM ONE HAND TO THE OTHER

• PINCER GRASP- THUMB AND INDEX FINGER: PICKS UP A CHEERIO

LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

• RESPONDS TO SOUNDS BY MAKING SOUNDS OF OWN

• WHEN BABBLING STRINGS VOWELS TOGETHER ( “AH, “EH, “OH)

• RECIPROCAL SOUND MAKING WITH PARENT/CAREGIVER

• TURNS HEAD TO NAME WHEN CALLED

• USES SOUNDS TO SHOW PLEASURE AND DISPLEASURE

• CONSONANT SOUNDS EMERGE “(MMMM” “BBBB”)

• UNDERSTANDS NO

• COPIES SOUNDS AND MIMICS GESTURES

• USED FINGER TO POINT AT ITEMS

• EXPLORES SOUNDS SUCH AS “BABABABABA AND MAMAMAMA

GROSS MOTOR AND FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

• ROLLS OVER IN BOTH DIRECTIONS (FRONT TO BACK AND BACK TO

FRONT)

• STARTS TO SIT WITHOUT SUPPORT

• ROCKS BACK AND FORTH-PRE CRAWLING INDICATORS

• ROCKS BACK AND FORTH BEFORE FORWARD MOVEMENT

• WHEN STANDING SUPPORTS WEIGHT ON LEGS

• BOUNCES WHEN STANDING WITH SUPPORT

• STANDS HOLDING ONTO PEOPLE/FURNITURE

• CRAWLS

• POSITIONS SELF IN SEATED POSITION

• SITS WITHOUT SUPPORT

SOCIAL EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

• KNOWS FAMILIAR FACES

• KNOWS IF SOMEONE IS A STRANGER

• LIKES SOCIAL INTERACTION/PLAY

• LIKES TO LOOK AT SELF IN MIRROR

• RESPONDS TO OTHERS EMOTIONS

• STRANGER ANXIETY IS COMMON

• CLINGY WITH FAMILIAR ADULTS

• HAS PREFERRED TOYS/ITEMS

1-YEAR WHAT I CAN DO…..


• EXPLORES ITEMS: BANGS, SHAKES, THROWS

• FINDS HIDDEN OBJECTS (OBJECT PERMANENCE IN PLACE)

• PLACES THINGS IN AND OUT OF A CONTAINER

• BANGS TWO ITEMS TOGETHER

• IDENTIFIES WHAT TO DO WITH ITEMS (SIPS FROM CUP, PUTS

SPOON TO MOUTH, PLACES BRUSH TO HAIR)


• USES SIMPLE GESTURES (ARMS UP FOR PICK ME UP, WAVE BYE BYE,

SHAKES HEAD NO)

• RESPONDS TO SIMPLE REQUESTS

• USES DIFFERENT TONES WHEN EXPERIMENTING WITH SOUNDS

• SAYS MAMA, DADA, AND EXCLAMATIONS LIKE “UH OH”

• TRIES TO IMITATE WORDS HEARD (APPROXIMATIONS)

ADD PIC

• LOOKS AT A PICTURE/ITEM WHEN NAMED

• COPIES GESTURES

• INCREASED INDEPENDENCE SKILLS

• POINTS AND POKES AT THINGS WITH INDEX FINGER

• FOLLOWS ONE STEP DIRECTIONS (GIVE ME THE BALL)


• MAY TAKE A FEW STEPS WITHOUT FALLING

• MAY STAND ALONE

• PULLS TO STAND, WALKS/CRUISES HOLDING ONTO FURNITURE

• CAN GET INTO A SITTING POSITION WITHOUT HELP


• CAN BE NERVOUS AROUND STRANGERS

• SHOWS FEAR IN CERTAIN SITUATIONS

• HANDS YOU A BOOK OR A TOY WHEN WANTS TO ENGAGE IN

READING OR PLAY

• HAS PREFERRED ITEMS AND PEOPLE

ADD PIC

• PUTS OUT ARM/LEG TO HELP WITH DRESSING

• PLAYS SIMPLE GAMES (PEEK-A-BOO” AND PAT-A-CAKE”)

• REPEATS SOUNDS AND ACTIONS TO GET ATTENTION

• CRIES WHEN MOM, DAD, CAREGIVER LEAVES

18 MONTHS- WHAT I CAN DO


• POINTS TO GET THE ATTENTION OF OTHERS

• CAN FOLLOW SIMPLE ONE-STEP DIRECTIONS WITHOUT USE OF

PHYSICAL GESTURES

• POINTS TO OWN BODY PART (EXAMPLE: WHERE ARE YOUR FEET?)

ADD PIC

• CAN USE CRAYON/PEN TO SCRIBBLE

• KNOWS WHAT FAMILIAR AND BASIC OBJECTS ARE (PHONE, BRUSH,

BOWL)

• EMERGENT PRETEND PLAY (FEEDING DOLL/STUFFED ANIMAL)

• HAS SEVERAL SINGLE WORDS

• SAYS NO AND CAN SHAKE HEAD “NO”

• POINTS TO SHOW WHAT HE/SHE WANTS


• CAN WALK ALONE

• MIGHT BE ABLE TO WALK UP STEPS

• MIGHT BE ABLE TO RUN

• CAN PULL A TOY WHILE WALKING

• CAN HELP UNDRESS SELF

• DRINKS FROM A CUP

• EATS WITH A SPOON (OR LIKE UTENSIL)


• GIVES ITEMS TO OTHERS TO INITIATE PLAY

• TEMPER TANTRUMS ARE COMMON

• CLINGS TO CAREGIVERS IN NEW SITUATIONS

PIC

• POINTS TO SHOW SOMETHING OF LIKING/INTEREST

• EXPLORES ALONE BUT WITH PARENT/CAREGIVER CLOSE BY ACTING

AS A “SECURE BASE”

• SIMPLE IMAGINATIVE PLAY

2-YEARS WHAT I CAN DO…


• BEGINS TO SORT SHAPES AND COLORS

• SEEKS FOR WANTED OBJECTS

• COMPLETES SENTENCES AND RHYMES IN FAMILIAR STORY BOOKS

• SHOWS HAND DOMINANCE

ADD PIC

• CAN FOLLOW TWO-STEP DIRECTIONS (PICK UP THE BALL AND PUT

IN ON THE CHAIR)

• NAMES ITEMS IN A PICTURE BOOK (DOG, CAT, DUCK)

• CAN STACK/BUILD WITH FOUR OR MORE BLOCKS

• PLAYS SIMPLE IMAGINARY GAMES

LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION

• KNOWS NAMES OF FAMILIAR PEOPLE

• KNOWS NAMES OF BODY PARTS

• USES SENTENCES WITH 2-4 WORDS

• FOLLOWS SIMPLE DIRECTIONS

• REPEATS WORDS WHEN HEARD IN A CONVERSATION

• POINTS TO ITEMS IN A BOOK

** DATA FACT AN AVERAGE TWO YEAR OLD HAS A WORD BANK OF

50 WORDS


• KICKS A BALL (OFTEN WITH PREFERRED LEG)

• STARTS TO RUN

• CAN WALK ON TIP TOES

• CAN WALK UP AND DOWN STAIRS WITH SUPPORT (HOLDING ON)

ADD PIC

• CLIMBS ON FURNITURE WITHOUT SUPPORT

• CAN THROW A BALL OVERHEAD

• CAN COPY STRAIT LINES AND CIRCLES (EMERGENT YOUNGER

TWO’S)


“ IF I GIVE IT TO YOU AND CHANGE MY MIND LATER IT’S MINE”

“IF I CAN TAKE IT AWAY FROM YOU IT’S MINE”

“IF IT’S MINE IT WILL NEVER BELONG TO ANYBODY ELSE, NO MATTER WHAT.”

“IF WE ARE BUILDING SOMETHING TOGETHER, ALL THE PIECES ARE MINE”

“IF IT LOOKS LIKE MINE IT’S MINE”

“ IF IT BREAKS OR NEEDS PUTTING AWAY ITS YOURS”

THE TODDLERS CREED

• LIKES TO BE AND GETS EXCITED TO BE AROUND OTHER CHILDREN

• SHOWS MORE INDEPENDENCE AND LIKES TESTING NEW FOUND

SKILLS

• SHOWS DEFIANT BEHAVIORS/TESTS THE LIMITS

• PARALLEL PLAY AND SOME INTERACTIVE RECIPROCAL PLAY

• IMITATES OTHERS (ADULTS AND CHILDREN)

3-YEARS WHAT I CAN DO….


• CAN ENGAGE IN MAKE BELIEVE PLAY

• CAN MANIPULATE SMALL TOYS, LARGER BUTTONS, LEVERS,

MOVING PARTS

• CAN COMPLETE LARGE 3-4 PIECE PUZZLE

• COPIES CIRCLE WHEN DRAWING

• TURNS PAGES OF BOOK ONE AT A TIME

• CAN BUILD A TOWER WITH BLOCKS (6 OR MORE)

• TURNS DOOR HANDLE


• CAN NAME FAMILIAR OBJECTS/PEOPLE

• UNDERSTANDS CONCEPT OF “IN, ON, UNDER”

• CAN SAY NAME, SEX, AGE

• CAN NAME A FRIEND

• SAYS “I, ME, WE, YOU”

PIC

• SAYS SOME PLURALS (CARS, DOGS, DUCKS, CATS”

• CAN PARTICIPATE IN A CONVERSATION USING 2-3 SENTENCES

• FOLLOWS 2-3 STEP DIRECTIONS

• TALKS WELL ENOUGH FOR MOST STRANGERS TO UNDERSTAND


• RUNS WITH EASE

• CLIMBS WELL

• CAN PEDAL ON A TRICYCLE

• DRESSES AND UNDRESSES SELF (MAY STILL NEED ASSISTANCE)

• WALKS UP AND DOWN STAIRS, ONE FOOT ON EACH STEP

SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL

• TAKES TURNS IN GAMES

• SHOWS AFFECTION AND EMPATHY FOR FRIENDS AND FAMILY

• UNDERSTANDS THE IDEA OF “MINE, HIS, HERS”

• CAN SEPARATE FROM PARENTS/PRIMARY CAREGIVER

• CAN GET UPSET WHEN ROUTINE CHANGES

• DISPLAYS A WIDE RANGE OF EMOTIONS

4-YEARS WHAT I CAN DO


• CAN NAME COLORS

• CAN NAME SOME NUMBERS AND LETTERS

• UNDERSTANDS THE IDEA OF COUNTING

• STARTS TO UNDERSTAND TIME SEQUENCE

• REMEMBERS PARTS OF STORIES

• UNDERSTANDS THE CONCEPT OF SAME AND DIFFERENT

• CAN DRAW A PERSON WITH 2-4 BODY PARTS

• CAN USE SCISSORS

• STARTS TO COPY CAPITAL LETTERS

• PLAYS BOARD GAMES/SIMPLE (IF ACCESS TO)

• CAN PROJECT WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN NEXT IN A BOOK/STORY

LANGUAGE &COMMUNICATION

• SINGS SONGS FROM MEMORY

• TELLS STORIES

• KNOWS BASIC RULES OF GRAMMAR SUCH AS; “HE AND SHE”

• CAN TELL YOU FIRST AND LAST NAME

• ENGAGES IN RECIPROCAL DIALOGUE WITH PEERS AND FAMILY

GROSS AND FINE MOTOR

• CAN CATCH A BOUNCED BALL MOST OF THE TIME

• HOPS AND STANDS ON ONE FOOT FOR UP TO 2 SECONDS

• CAN USE THE TOILET ON OWN

• CAN POUR AND CUT WITH SUPPORT AND SUPERVISION

• CAN EAT AND MASH FOOD ON OWN WITH UTENSILS

• CAN USE PENS, CRAYONS, PENCILS

SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL

• EXPANDS ON CREATIVE PLAY

• PREFERS PLAYING WITH PEERS OVER PLAYING SOLO

• LIKES TO DO NEW THINGS

• HAS TROUBLE DISTINGUISHING REAL FROM MAKE BELIEVE

• COOPERATES WITH OTHER CHILDREN

• TALKS ABOUT LIKES AND DISLIKES

5-YEARS WHAT I CAN DO


• CAN COUNT 10 OR MORE THINGS

• CAN PRINT SOME LETTERS AND NUMBERS

• UNDERSTANDS HOW THINGS ARE USED (FOOD, MONEY, ETC.)

• CAN COPY SIMPLE SHAPES

• CAN DRAW A PERSON WITH AT LEAST SIX BODY PARTS


• SPEAKS CLEARY

• CAN TELL A SIMPLE STORY USING FULL SENTENCES

• USES THE FUTURE TENSE (MY MOM IS COMING AT….)

• CAN SAY NAME FIRST AND LAST AND MIDDLE IF APPLICABLE

• KNOWS HOME ADDRESS (IF APPLICABLE)


• CAN STAND ON ONE FOOT FOR 10 SECONDS OR LONGER

• CAN DO A SOMERSAULT

• USES A FORK AND SPOON AND OR APPLICABLE UTENSILS TO

CULTURE/FAMILY EATING PREFERENCES

• HOPS

• MAY BE ABLE TO SKIP

• CAN USE THE TOILET ON OWN

• CAN SWING AND CLIMB

SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL

• WANTS TO DO WHAT FRIENDS ARE DOING

• WANTS TO PLEASE PEERS

• MORE LIKELY TO AGREE WITH RULES

• IS AWARE OF GENDER

PIC

• CAN TELL WHAT’S REAL AND WHAT’S MAKE-BELIEVE

• SHOWS MORE INDEPENDENCE

• CAN BE DEMANDING AND PERSISTENT

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES RESOURCES

ZERO TO THREE – NATIONAL CENTER FOR INFANTS, TODDLERS, AND

FAMILIES

• HTTP://WWW.ZEROTOTHREE.ORG/ABOUT-US/AREAS-OF-EXPERTISE/FREE-

PARENT-BROCHURES-ANDGUIDES/AGE-BASED-HANDOUTS.HTML

CDC DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

• HTTP://WWW.CDC.GOV/NCBDDD/ACTEARLY/MILESTONES/INDEX.HTML

FOR FOLLOW UP

DR. HAWLEY CONTACT E-MAILS

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