VOL. CLXIV . . No. 56,722 © 2014 The New York Times NEW YORK, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2014

By LIZETTE ALVAREZ

MIAMI — Over a half-century,they have transformed what hadbeen a sleepy, heat-drenchedSouthern town, infusing it withthe rat-a-tat patter of Spanish inboardrooms and restaurants, theCuban rhythms blasting from carradios, the linen guayaberas mendon for parties and work, and thesmells of mojo and picadillo waft-ing in the air.

Beyond that, Cubans fleeingtheir island have helped turn Mi-ami into an economic power-house, the capital of Latin Amer-ica and a center of Hispanic polit-ical power in the United States.

Isabel De Lara, a 65-year-oldformer banker, arrived alonehere at the age of 12 in 1961, puton a plane by fearful parents de-termined to get her out of Cubaafter Fidel Castro’s revolution.

Jose Antonio Lorenzo, 61,boarded one of an armada ofboats in 1980, joining other des-perate Cubans in the Mariel boat-lift. Alicia Garcia, 43, almost diedduring her voyage in a ricketyraft in the “balsero” wave of 1994.Elsa Riverón, a lawyer in Cuba,arrived three years ago via Spainas part of a new era in which Cu-bans with connections andmoney can arrive by plane.

They came to a city that overthe years went from feeling like aforeign land to an extension ofhome, and faced both enormousobstacles and one great advan-tage: The United States govern-ment has for decades acceptedthem with open arms, grantingthem asylum and allowing themto become permanent residents a

For Cubans in Miami, the Gulf

To Their Homeland Narrows

Continued on Page 20

ASSOCIATED PRESS

A NEW HOME Passengers from Havana arrived in Miami in 1961.

ALEJANDRO ERNESTO/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY

FIRM Raúl Castro said Cuba would stay Communist. Page 22.

This article is by David E.Sanger, Nicole Perlroth and EricSchmitt.

WASHINGTON — The Obamaadministration has sought Chi-na’s help in recent days in block-ing North Korea’s ability tolaunch cyberattacks, the firststeps toward the “proportionalresponse” President Obamavowed to make the North pay forthe assault on Sony Pictures —and as part of a campaign to is-sue a broader warning against fu-ture hacking, according to senioradministration officials.

“What we are looking for is ablocking action, something thatwould cripple their efforts to car-ry out attacks,” one official said.

So far, the Chinese have not re-sponded. Their cooperationwould be critical, since virtuallyall of North Korea’s telecom-munications run through Chi-nese-operated networks.

It is unclear that China wouldchoose to help, given tensionsover computer security betweenWashington and Beijing since theJustice Department in May in-dicted five hackers working forthe Chinese military on chargesof stealing sensitive information

Continued on Page 24

China Is AskedTo Help BlockKorea Hacking

By SHARON LaFRANIERE

FAYETTEVILLE, N.C. — Be-yond conducting their periodicevaluation of Womack ArmyMedical Center, one of the mil-itary’s busiest hospitals, the in-spectors who came here to FortBragg last March had a specialtask. A medical technologist hadcomplained of dangerous lapsesin the prevention of infections.The inspectors planned to followup.

But Teresa Gilbert, the tech-nologist, said supervisors exclud-ed her from meetings with the in-spectors from the Joint Commis-sion, an independent agency thataccredits hospitals. “I was toldmy opinions were not necessary,nor were they warranted,” saidMrs. Gilbert, an infection-controlspecialist.

The review ended disastrouslyfor Womack, one of 54 domesticand overseas military hospitalsthat serve more than three mil-lion active-duty service mem-bers, retirees and family mem-bers. The inspectors faulted in-fection prevention and many oth-er aspects of care, putting thehospital’s accreditation under acloud for months.

It was disastrous for Mrs. Gil-bert, too. She said she was repri-manded for being an obstruction-ist, reduced to part-time hours,investigated for what she calledtrumped-up charges and trans-ferred to a clerk’s job.

The message to Womack work-ers, she said, was clear: “Youdon’t go against us. If you do, wewill get you.”

At any hospital, patient safetyand quality of care depend on thewillingness of medical workers toidentify problems. The goal is formedical workers to be free tospeak bluntly to — and about —

higher-ups without being ignoredor, worse, punished.

In interviews and email ex-changes, many doctors, nursesand other medical workers saidmilitary hospitals fall short ofthat objective.

During an examination of mil-itary hospitals this year, The NewYork Times asked readers to re-count their experiences via a pri-vate electronic portal. Amongmore than 1,200 comments weredozens from medical workers

Questioning of Soldiers’ Care Draws Reprisals

MILITARY MEDICINE

Ignoring Workers

Continued on Page 33

By EMMA G. FITZSIMMONS

It is the bane of many femalesubway riders. It is a scourgetracked on blogs and on Twitter.

And it has a name almost asdistasteful as the practice itself.

It is manspreading, the lay-it-all-out sitting style that morethan a few men see as their inal-ienable underground right.

Now passengers who considersuch inelegant male posture asinfringing on their sensibilities —not to mention their share of sub-way space — have a new ally: theMetropolitan Transportation Au-thority.

Taking on manspreading for

the first time, the authority is setto unveil public service ads thatencourage men to share a littleless of themselves in the city’sever-crowded subways cars.

The targets of the campaign,those men who spread their legswide, into a sort of V-shapedslouch, effectively occupying two,sometimes even three, seats arenot hard to find. Whether theywill heed the new ads is anotherquestion.

Riding the F train from Brook-lyn to Manhattan on a recent af-ternoon, Fabio Panceiro, 20, was

Dude, Close Your Legs: M.T.A.

Fights a Spreading Scourge

Continued on Page 34

By DAMIEN CAVE and VICTORIA BURNETT

HAVANA — John F. Kennedy,who introduced economic sanc-tions against Cuba in 1961, has awhole room devoted to his sins.But the final exhibit, at the Ital-ianate palace that houses the Mu-seum of the Revolution on theedge of Old Havana, is “a galleryof cretins” — cartoon-style wood-en cutouts of recent Americanpresidents who are thanked for“helping us strengthen the Revo-lution.”

The line of rogues ends withGeorge W. Bush, raising thequestion: What about PresidentObama? Will he eventually jointhe gallery, or has the parade ofthe hated finally ended?

As Cubans absorb the newsthat the United States will beginnormalizing relations with theirgovernment after more than five

decades of hostility, they are con-tending with a rush of both ex-citement and uncertainty aboutwhat could be the end of a longglobal drama in which Cuba hasplayed a prominent role.

The country’s leaders in partic-ular, after decades of battling andblaming the United States andpowerful Cuban exiles — callingthem worms, ingrates and farworse — now find themselveswithout the usual excuse for Cu-ba’s economic failures and hu-man rights restrictions , at a timewhen the population’s expecta-tions are soaring. The challengeof managing the opening up ofCuba will be colossal, forcing thegovernment to grapple with itsown faults and the possibility ofbecoming just another sun-

If Not David to the U.S. Goliath,Cuba Asks What Its Role Is Now

Continued on Page 22

Susan Wojcicki, YouTube’s new chief ex-ecutive, is trying to harness the site’seconomic potential and keep it a stepahead of its growing competition. PAGE 1

SUNDAY BUSINESS

Getting YouTube to Click There is no visiting Evelyn Elliott dur-ing a Buffalo Bills game unless you planto sit in a reverent silence that can bebroken only when they score. PAGE 1

SPORTSSUNDAY

A Football Fanatic, at 107

U(D5E71D)x+,!#!/!=![Roger Cohen PAGE 1

SUNDAY REVIEW

The United States transferred four de-tainees from the military prison in Cubato Afghanistan, fulfilling a request fromthe country’s new president. PAGE 27

INTERNATIONAL 8-27

4 Released From GuantánamoLiberal groups, hoping for a rerun ofBarack Obama’s meteoric rise, continueto press Senator Elizabeth Warren torun for president in 2016. PAGE 28

NATIONAL 28-35

Seeing an Obama in Warren

By BENJAMIN MUELLER and AL BAKER

Two police officers sitting intheir patrol car in Brooklyn wereshot at point-blank range andkilled on Saturday afternoon by aman who, officials said, had trav-eled to the city from Baltimorevowing to kill officers. The sus-pect then committed suicide withthe same gun, the authoritiessaid.

The officers, Wenjian Liu andRafael Ramos, were in the carnear Myrtle and Tompkins Ave-nues in Bedford-Stuyvesant inthe shadow of a tall housingproject when the gunman,Ismaaiyl Brinsley, walked up tothe passenger-side window andassumed a firing stance, PoliceCommissioner William J. Brattonsaid. Mr. Brinsley shot severalrounds into the heads and upperbodies of the officers, who neverdrew their weapons, the authori-ties said.

Mr. Brinsley, 28, then fled downthe street and onto the platformof a nearby subway station,where he killed himself as offi-cers closed in. The police recov-ered a silver semiautomatichandgun, Mr. Bratton said.

Mr. Brinsley, who had a longrap sheet of crimes that includedrobbery and carrying a con-cealed gun, is believed to haveshot his former girlfriend nearBaltimore before traveling toBrooklyn, the authorities said. Hemade statements on social mediasuggesting that he planned to killpolice officers and was angeredabout the Eric Garner and Mi-chael Brown cases. [Page 35.]

Authorities in Baltimore sent awarning that Mr. Brinsley had

made these threats, but it was re-ceived in New York at essentiallythe same time as the killings, offi-cials said.

The shootings, the chase, thesuicide of Mr. Brinsley and thedesperate but failed bid to savethe lives of the officers — theiruniforms soaked in blood —turned a busy commercial inter-

section on theSaturday beforeChristmas into ascene of pande-monium.

The managerof a liquor storeat the corner,Charlie Hu, saidthe two police of-ficers wereslouched over inthe front seat oftheir patrol car.Both of them ap-peared to havebeen shot in thehead, Mr. Husaid, and one ofthe officers hadblood spilling outof his face.

“Today two of New York’s fin-est were shot and killed with nowarning, no provocation,” Mr.Bratton said at Woodhull Hospi-tal in Williamsburg, where the of-

Two Officers, Ambushed,

Are Killed in Brooklyn

Suspect Commits Suicide — Authorities Say

He Planned to Carry Out Assassinations

JOHN MINCHILLO/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Investigators at the scene in Brooklyn where Officers Wenjian Liu and Rafael Ramos were shot and killed on Saturday.

Continued on Page 35

Officer Liuand OfficerRamos

For Mayor Bill de Blasio, thekillings of two officers came as hewas already facing strained tieswith the police. Page 35.

Raw Tensions Flare

Today, clouds giving way to sun,high 41. Tonight, patchy clouds,low 34. Tomorrow, increasingamounts of clouds, rain at night,high 44. Weather map, Page 32.

$6 beyond the greater New York metropolitan area. $5.00

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