your “do now” 4/11 grab a paper from up front read through the first part answer the first 2...
TRANSCRIPT
Your “Do Now” 4/11
• Grab a paper from up front
• Read through the first part
• Answer the first 2 questions
• Be ready to share
Agenda 4/11
• Turn in Circle Map & Exploring Energy & Matter paper (1st Day)
• Notes #2
• Revisit intro
• Practice problems
Ch 8 Notes #2 Macromolecules
Learning Target
2) I can explain the importance of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and what foods we eat to get them
The parts of living things
• Life on earth is carbon based because all living things have carbon in them.
Some key vocab termsSome key vocab terms
Monomer Monomer
Polymer Polymer
MacromoleculeMacromolecule
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
ProteinsProteins
LipidsLipids
Monomer: one small molecule
Analogy: one LEGO brick
Polymer: several monomers joined together
Analogy: chain of LEGOs
Some analogiesSome analogiesEXAMPLE of POLYMER
MONOMER
A TRAIN ?
A NECKLACE ?
MacromoleculeA large molecule made of many
smaller parts
What do these words mean?
1. Proteins2. Lipids (fats)3. Carbohydrates4. Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
Three out of the 4 types of biochemical macromolecules
can be found on food nutrition labels…
Look at the label to the left. 3 of the 4 macromolecules can
be found in foods.
1____________________
2____________________
3____________________
(0 grams in this product)
(13 grams in this product)
(9 grams in this product)
The 4th type is not found on food labels
•Two types: DNA and RNA
•Nucleic acids made up of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base)
•Cells make nucleic acids using foods we eat
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Getting energy from foodOur digestive system breaks foods down to
1) Make energy and molecules that store energy
2) Making molecules that can be used by our body
Look at the foods in your cup!
• Our first macromolecules are proteins
• Which foods do you think are high in proteins?
PROTEINSImportance of proteins:
1.Provide structure for body parts
2.A source of energy
3.Part of the cell membrane
4.Oxygen transport (hemoglobin)
5.Enzymes: special type of protein that helps speed-up reactions.
Muscles, ligaments,
tendons, and bones
PROTEINS
Hair, Skin, and NailsPROTEINS
PROTEINS
Proteins are made of chains of Proteins are made of chains of amino acidsamino acids (polypeptides)(polypeptides)
If you didn’t have enzymes in your stomach to speed up digestion, the food would rot in
your stomach because it would take so long!
PROTEINS
Foods that are high in proteinsChicken /
turkey
Nuts Eggs
Red meat Fish
Dairy
Beans
LIPIDS (fats)
1. Supply long-term energy (stored in body for later use)
2. Make up part of the cell membrane (let things in & out of cell)
3. Provide insulation (keep organisms warm)
LIPIDS
•Lipids are made of two parts: Lipids are made of two parts: fatty acids fatty acids and and glycerolglycerol
LIPIDS from foods
• Take another look in your cup
• Carbohydrates are up next
• Which foods do you think have a lot of “carbs”
CARBOHYDRATES1. Main source of short-term energy for our
bodies
2. Carbohydrates are made of units of sugar
3. Found in almost everything you eat
4. More readily useable than lipids and proteins
5. Get into blood stream quickly
Glucose, sucrose (table sugar)
Simple CARBOHYDRATES
Simple Carbs.
Complex CarbohydratesExample: Example: Starch (not broken Starch (not broken down as easily)down as easily)
Complex CARBS-- Food examples
• Body stores extra carbs in the body as fats (glycogen)
Energy from foods is measured in Calories.
Example: If you drink a glass of skim milk, you will get a gain of 90 Calories of energy for your body.
Which type will be highest in calories?
A. Proteins
B. Carbs
C. Lipids
PROTEINS: 1 gram protein = 4 Calories.
Energy Gained From Carbohydrates
CARBS: 1g carbohydrates = 4 Calories.
LIPIDS
1 g = 9 Calories.
Notice if you eat 1 gram of fat, you are gaining more than twice the amount of
Calories than from a gram of carbohydrate or protein!
Food is a mix of all three
ENERGY So…So…
BIG 4 MACROMOLECULES
Number of Calories it provides
Carbohydrates 4
Proteins 4
Lipids 9
Nucleic Acids 0
Practice
LIPIDS…Some interesting info
•Fruits produce a waxy coating to keep from drying out.
• The cells in a tulip make a wax which helps coat the leaves.
•Ear wax traps dust, sand, and other foreign particles from going deeper into the ear and causing damage.
•Beeswax- a structural material to hold honey in the hive
LIPIPS…Some interesting info
There are many different types of There are many different types of steroids. They are all lipids. Their steroids. They are all lipids. Their functions vary. Some common functions vary. Some common steroids are:steroids are:
SEX STEROIDSSEX STEROIDS ANABOLIC ANABOLIC STERIODSSTERIODS
Like testosterone Like testosterone and estrogenand estrogen
They increase They increase musclemuscle