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Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution

Constitution ratified in 1787


Constitution ratified in 1787Bill of Rights adopted by Congress in 1791


First Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

First Amendment

Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press?

Threat to assassinate president


Threat to assassinate presidentOffer a bribe to police officer


Threat to assassinate presidentOffer a bribe to police officerTreasonous to print war secrets... although

usually not prosecuted (see New York Times)



usually not prosecuted (see New York Times)Broadcast obscenities



usually not prosecuted (see New York Times)Broadcast obscenitiesChild pornography



usually not prosecuted (see New York Times)Broadcast obscenitiesChild pornographyLibel (more to come later)



usually not prosecuted (see New York Times)Broadcast obscenitiesChild pornographyLibel (more to come later)However, in general, the U.S. is considered

the nation with the freest speech in the world thanks to the First Amendment


“Hate speech” codes

But on college campuses...

“Hate speech” codesUniversity of Pennsylvania “water buffalo”

case: student charged with violating speech code when he called boisterous black women students “water buffalo”




Prosecuted by the University with threat of expulsion





University grudgingly dropped charge





University grudgingly dropped chargeMost campuses have them


“Discriminatory harassment includes conduct (oral, written, graphic or physical) directed against any person or, group of persons because of their race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or veteran's status and that has the purpose or reasonably foreseeable effect of creating an offensive, demeaning, intimidating, or hostile environment for that person or group of persons”

But on college campuses

Highly skilled journalism professionals

History of Journalism

“1Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compile a narrative of the things that have been accomplished among us, 2 just as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word have delivered them to us, 3it seemed good to me also, having followed all things closely for some time past, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4that you may have certainty concerning the things you have been taught.”

Luke 1:1-4 (ESV)

“1 Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled[

a] among us, 2 just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3 With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.”

Luke 1:1-4 (NIV)

http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke%201:1-4&version=NIV

How Mr. G would amend the preface

Somewhere, not too far from here, at this very moment, a church is feeding the homeless. A factory is making the best orange juice in the world while offering great jobs to thousands of area residents. A pharmaceutical saleswoman is introducing a new arthritis drug that will enable thousands of Sarasotans to lead better lives. A high school senior is completing his eight-mile run in the heat as he prepares for cross-country season.

Just a typical day in America, in other words.

How Mr. G would amend the preface

Gutenberg printing press in 1440

History of journalism

Gutenberg printing press in 14401600: first weekly papers in Europe


Gutenberg printing press in 14401600: first weekly papers in Europe1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette),

first true English-language newspaper



first true English-language newspaper1690: Publick Occurrences published in

Boston; fails




Boston; fails1704: Boston News-Letter published; it

makes it!





makes it!Daniel DeFoe publishes first instant book,

“The Storm”





makes it!1729: Ben Franklin takes over The

Pennsylvania Gazette





makes it!1729: Ben Franklin takes over The

Pennsylvania Gazette1776: Declaration of Independence printed

throughout colonies


Gutenberg printing press in 14401600: first weekly papers in Europe1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true

English-language newspaper1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it!1729: Ben Franklin takes over The Pennsylvania

Gazette1776: Declaration of Independence printed throughout

coloniesBill of Rights codifies freedom of press, first

established in Zenger case


1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S.

History of journalism: 1800s

1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S.1833: “penny papers” emerge with

publication of New York Sun



publication of New York Sun1851: New York Times published



publication of New York Sun1851: New York Times published1880: first photo published in newspaper,

whew!




whew!1890s: Era of “yellow” journalism




whew!1890s: Era of “yellow” journalismNew York dailies battle it out: , NY Press, NY

Sun, NY Times, NY Tribune and especially the World (Pulitzer) and Journal (W.R. Hearst)


Sensationalism!Scare headlines in huge print, often of minor

newsLavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawingsUse of faked interviews, misleading

headlines, pseudo-science, and a parade of false learning from so-called experts

Emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements, usually with comic strips (which is now normal in the U.S.)

Dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the system

Yellow journalism

LAF journo students exploited by maniac teacher!!!!

Professional journalists: part deux

Early 20th century: muckrakers

History of journalism: 20th century

Term comes from Pilgrim’s Progress: "the Man with the Muck-rake" who rejected salvation to focus on filth

Began in early 1900 in magazines such as Collier’s, Munsey’s and McClure’s when reform-minded journalists investigated official corruption and social problems

Associated with progressive movement, “social justice”

Today, the term describes either a journalist who writes in the adversarial or alternative tradition or a non-journalist whose purpose in publication is to advocate for reform and change

Muckrakers

Early 20th century: muckrakers1920: first regular radio broadcast, CBS, NBC

soon form networks



soon form networks1939: CBS and NBC begin regular television

broadcasts




broadcasts1941: FDR declares war on Japan, carried live

on radio; Americans turn to radio for immediate WWII news






Television sales boom post-war; “big three” of ABC, CBS, NBC start to emphasize television news






Television sales boom post-war; “big three” of ABC, CBS, NBC start to emphasize television news

1963: JFK assassinated, TV becomes place to go for immediate news


1970-present: newspapers begin their decline


1970-present: newspapers begin their declineUntil 1982 Sarasota had two daily

newspapers. Today only the Herald-Tribune survives and its circulation today is about 83,000... half that of 1976... while the population of the area has more than doubled




1980: CNN launches, the first 24-hour news channel





1981: IBM PC introduced





1981: IBM PC introduced1982: USA Today launches. ‘McPaper’ is

today the 2nd largest daily, 1.8 million circulation


Late 1990s: internet moves out of academia and into the mainstream



1996: Drudge Report begins as email report



1996: Drudge Report begins as email report1996: Nokia introduces first smartphones



1996: Drudge Report begins as email report1996: Nokia introduces first smartphones1993 and on: LAF journalism students born...

let the revolution continue!


Pages 2-13, TTS

Assignments for 9/6

Pages 2-13, TTSPages 16-17, IR

Assignments for 9/6

Pages 2-13, TTSPages 16-17, IRDo “Exercise 2” on page 14 of TTS and write

up your response to turn in

Assignments for 9/6

your notebooks!

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