your research matters: increasing visibility, usage and impact

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Open Access Week 2016 Your research matters: increasing visibility, usage and impact Ina Smith

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Page 1: Your research matters: increasing visibility, usage and impact

Open Access Week 2016

Your research matters: increasing

visibility, usage and impact

Ina Smith

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Agenda

• Context – Internet & WWW

• What is Open Access

• Why Open Access?

• Open Access in action

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The world we live in

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“The original idea of the web was that it should be a collaborative space where you can

communicate through sharing information.” -Tim Berners-Lee

“The world's urban poor and the illiterate are going to be increasingly disadvantaged and

are in danger of being left behind. The web has added a new dimension to the gap between the first world and the developing world. We have to start talking about a human right to

connect.” - Tim Berners-Lee

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Lifelong researchers

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Lifelong researchDigital citizenship

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Infant

Toddler

Primary School

Learner

Secondary School Learner

Student

Working Adult

Senior Adult

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What is Open Access?

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“free availability on the public internet, permitting any

users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search,

or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for

indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them

for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or

technical barriers other than those inseparable from

gaining access to the internet itself.”

http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/

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Rich vs Poor

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Moral dimensions of Open Access

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"It’s stupid that we care about labels

so much" - Mike Taylor, open access

advocate

Source

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Who needs (open) access?

• Scientists/scholars not affiliated with institutions

• Students in (high/secondary) schools

• Physicians

• Health care workers/practitioners

• Patient groups

• Entrepreneurs

• And MANY MANY more!

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The need

• Research is expensive –tax payers’ money

• New research builds on existing research

• Research is not visible enough & “lost” – Africa

• Data sets – data cannot be verified

• No access slows down process of discovery

• Good research requires good resources

• Institutional research is distributed all over the world

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• Increases readers’ ability to find/ use relevant literature

• Increases the visibility, readership and impact of author’s works

• Creates new avenues for discovery in digital environment

• Enhances interdisciplinary research

• Accelerates the pace of research, discovery and innovation

• Avoid duplication

Open Access Benefits (1)Researchers

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• Contributes to core mission of advancing knowledge

• Democratizes access across all institutions –regardless of size or budget

• Provides access to crucial STEM materials

• Increases competitiveness of academic institutions

• Increase research profile

Open Access Benefits (2)Educational Institutions

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• Enriches the quality of their education

• Ensures access to all that students need to know, rather what they (or their school) can afford

• Contributes to a better-educated workforce

Open Access Benefits (3)Students

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• Access to cutting-edge research encourages innovation

• Stimulates new ideas, new services, new products

• Creates new opportunities for job creation

Open Access Benefits (4)Businesses

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• Provides access to previously unavailable materials relating to health, energy, environment, and other areas of broad interest

• Creates better educated populace

• Encourages support of scientific enterprise and engagement in citizen science

Open Access Benefits (5)Public

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• Leverages return on research investment

• Creates tool to manage research portfolio

• Avoids funding duplicative research

• Creates transparency

• Encourages greater interaction with results of funded research

Open Access Benefits (6)Funders

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Open access brings down the costs

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• No print

• No subscription managements

• No management of digital rights required

• Less marketing

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Funder policies

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http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/curation-lifecycle-model

Op

en Scien

ceOpen Access

Open Data

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Sharing research

Formal – peer-reviewed (open & subscription)

• Books & Chapters in books

• Journal articles

• Conference papers & proceedings

Informal

• Blogs, personal web sites

• Social media

“Uploaders & Downloaders”

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Sharing research

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Open Access Movement

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• Serials crisis - 1975 – 1995: prices of scholarly journals in science, technology, and medicine (STM) sector grew by between 200 & 300 % beyond inflation (Dewatripont et al. (2006, p. 5) )

• Price increase rates of 6% for 2013, compared to an increase in the consumer price index (CPI) of just 1.5 % (Bosch and Henderson (2013))

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Open Access Movement

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• German scholarly libraries' expenditure on scholarly journals rose by approximately 19% between 2007 and 2013, while their budgets increased by less than 3%, and the cumulative inflation rate was just over 8% (Herb, 2014)

• By contrast, analysts estimate that commercial scholarly publishers normally achieve profit margins of between 20 and 30 % (Van Noorden, 2013)

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Publisher profits

31https://alexholcombe.wordpress.com/2015/05/21/scholarly-publisher-profit-update/

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Publisher profits predicted

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In a statement released by Linda Jarvis, Chief Financial Officer at Wits, her office explains the increase:

“Some of the key reasons are:

The rand-dollar exchange rate has fallen by approximately 22%, which has resulted in a substantial increase in the amount of money that we pay for all library books, journals, electronic resources research equipment that are procured in dollars and euros.”

http://connect.citizen.co.za/25760/why-is-wits-raising-its-fees/

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SA Subscription Costs

• SA Univ. research output 2000-2013 increased by 250%

• R24 bill. spent on research & development 2000-2013 (50%+ from tax payers)

• SA HEIs paid R470 million to national and international publishers for subscription fees to academic journals in 2014

• Double-dipping: Article Processing Charges & Subscription

• Top South African university + R30 mill. for 2016

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https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20151117/09383132839/elsevier-says-downloading-content-mining-licensed-copies-research-papers-could-be-considered-stealing.shtml

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“His downfall came when he turned his

attention to JSTOR, a digital library of

academic articles hidden behind a

paywall. He devised a method of

downloading large numbers of articles

from JSTOR, using a computer hidden in a

closet at MIT. He was arrested in January

2011 and pursued by federal prosecutors

with a vindictive zeal, eventually being

indicted on a raft of charges which

carried a potential jail sentence of 35

years. Ground down by this, he hanged

himself on 11 January 2013.”

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/feb/07/aaron-swartz-suicide-internets-own-boy

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http://chronicle.com/article/What-a-Mass-Exodus-at-a/234066

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41http://www.nature.com/news/dutch-lead-european-push-to-flip-journals-to-open-access-1.19111

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Open in Action

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• Peer-reviewed (Gold)• Open access journals

• Original publications

• Double-blind peer-review built into workflow

• Non peer-reviewed (Green)• Institutional repositories

• Duplicate copies of articles published in peer-reviewed subscription or open access journals

• Theses, dissertations, data sets and other scholarly material

Green vs Gold Open Access

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45http://research.assaf.org.za/

Institutional repositories (Green)

• Theses &

Dissertations

• 2nd copies of

research articles

published

elsewhere

• More

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Open Access Journals (Gold)

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http://thefreethoughtproject.com/cdc-scientist-admits-destroyed-data-showed-vaccines-caused-autism-children/#cZz6lzEjivPoTZ80.99

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Musk says that the new open source policy’s goal is to help stem climate change. He writes: “It is impossible for Tesla to build electric cars fast enough to address the carbon crisis.”

http://www.forbes.com/sites/briansolomon/2014/06/12/tesla-goes-open-source-elon-musk-releases-patents-to-good-faith-use/

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“Tesla Motors was created to accelerate the advent of sustainable transport. If we clear a path to the

creation of compelling electric vehicles, but then lay intellectual property landmines behind us to inhibit others, we are acting in a manner contrary to that goal. Tesla will not initiate patent lawsuits against

anyone who, in good faith, wants to use our technology.” – Elon Musk, CEO

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Date Downloads

Nov 2013 984

May 2014 1 534

Oct 2015 2 289

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Lifelong learning

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“Let’s create the Web We Want for the World We Want.” - Tim Berners-Lee

“If a pack of lions don’t work together, they won’t even be able to bring down a wounded

buffalo.” – Sepedi Proverb