your research matters: increasing visibility, usage and impact
TRANSCRIPT
Open Access Week 2016
Your research matters: increasing
visibility, usage and impact
Ina Smith
Agenda
• Context – Internet & WWW
• What is Open Access
• Why Open Access?
• Open Access in action
2
The world we live in
3
“The original idea of the web was that it should be a collaborative space where you can
communicate through sharing information.” -Tim Berners-Lee
“The world's urban poor and the illiterate are going to be increasingly disadvantaged and
are in danger of being left behind. The web has added a new dimension to the gap between the first world and the developing world. We have to start talking about a human right to
connect.” - Tim Berners-Lee
Lifelong researchers
5
Lifelong researchDigital citizenship
6
Infant
Toddler
Primary School
Learner
Secondary School Learner
Student
Working Adult
Senior Adult
7
What is Open Access?
8
“free availability on the public internet, permitting any
users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search,
or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for
indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them
for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or
technical barriers other than those inseparable from
gaining access to the internet itself.”
http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/
Rich vs Poor
9
Moral dimensions of Open Access
10
"It’s stupid that we care about labels
so much" - Mike Taylor, open access
advocate
Source
Who needs (open) access?
• Scientists/scholars not affiliated with institutions
• Students in (high/secondary) schools
• Physicians
• Health care workers/practitioners
• Patient groups
• Entrepreneurs
• And MANY MANY more!
The need
• Research is expensive –tax payers’ money
• New research builds on existing research
• Research is not visible enough & “lost” – Africa
• Data sets – data cannot be verified
• No access slows down process of discovery
• Good research requires good resources
• Institutional research is distributed all over the world
• Increases readers’ ability to find/ use relevant literature
• Increases the visibility, readership and impact of author’s works
• Creates new avenues for discovery in digital environment
• Enhances interdisciplinary research
• Accelerates the pace of research, discovery and innovation
• Avoid duplication
Open Access Benefits (1)Researchers
• Contributes to core mission of advancing knowledge
• Democratizes access across all institutions –regardless of size or budget
• Provides access to crucial STEM materials
• Increases competitiveness of academic institutions
• Increase research profile
Open Access Benefits (2)Educational Institutions
• Enriches the quality of their education
• Ensures access to all that students need to know, rather what they (or their school) can afford
• Contributes to a better-educated workforce
Open Access Benefits (3)Students
• Access to cutting-edge research encourages innovation
• Stimulates new ideas, new services, new products
• Creates new opportunities for job creation
Open Access Benefits (4)Businesses
• Provides access to previously unavailable materials relating to health, energy, environment, and other areas of broad interest
• Creates better educated populace
• Encourages support of scientific enterprise and engagement in citizen science
Open Access Benefits (5)Public
• Leverages return on research investment
• Creates tool to manage research portfolio
• Avoids funding duplicative research
• Creates transparency
• Encourages greater interaction with results of funded research
Open Access Benefits (6)Funders
Open access brings down the costs
19
• No print
• No subscription managements
• No management of digital rights required
• Less marketing
20
21
Funder policies
22
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/curation-lifecycle-model
Op
en Scien
ceOpen Access
Open Data
Sharing research
Formal – peer-reviewed (open & subscription)
• Books & Chapters in books
• Journal articles
• Conference papers & proceedings
Informal
• Blogs, personal web sites
• Social media
“Uploaders & Downloaders”
26
Sharing research
27
Open Access Movement
29
• Serials crisis - 1975 – 1995: prices of scholarly journals in science, technology, and medicine (STM) sector grew by between 200 & 300 % beyond inflation (Dewatripont et al. (2006, p. 5) )
• Price increase rates of 6% for 2013, compared to an increase in the consumer price index (CPI) of just 1.5 % (Bosch and Henderson (2013))
Open Access Movement
30
• German scholarly libraries' expenditure on scholarly journals rose by approximately 19% between 2007 and 2013, while their budgets increased by less than 3%, and the cumulative inflation rate was just over 8% (Herb, 2014)
• By contrast, analysts estimate that commercial scholarly publishers normally achieve profit margins of between 20 and 30 % (Van Noorden, 2013)
Publisher profits
31https://alexholcombe.wordpress.com/2015/05/21/scholarly-publisher-profit-update/
Publisher profits predicted
In a statement released by Linda Jarvis, Chief Financial Officer at Wits, her office explains the increase:
“Some of the key reasons are:
The rand-dollar exchange rate has fallen by approximately 22%, which has resulted in a substantial increase in the amount of money that we pay for all library books, journals, electronic resources research equipment that are procured in dollars and euros.”
http://connect.citizen.co.za/25760/why-is-wits-raising-its-fees/
SA Subscription Costs
• SA Univ. research output 2000-2013 increased by 250%
• R24 bill. spent on research & development 2000-2013 (50%+ from tax payers)
• SA HEIs paid R470 million to national and international publishers for subscription fees to academic journals in 2014
• Double-dipping: Article Processing Charges & Subscription
• Top South African university + R30 mill. for 2016
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20151117/09383132839/elsevier-says-downloading-content-mining-licensed-copies-research-papers-could-be-considered-stealing.shtml
“His downfall came when he turned his
attention to JSTOR, a digital library of
academic articles hidden behind a
paywall. He devised a method of
downloading large numbers of articles
from JSTOR, using a computer hidden in a
closet at MIT. He was arrested in January
2011 and pursued by federal prosecutors
with a vindictive zeal, eventually being
indicted on a raft of charges which
carried a potential jail sentence of 35
years. Ground down by this, he hanged
himself on 11 January 2013.”
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/feb/07/aaron-swartz-suicide-internets-own-boy
http://chronicle.com/article/What-a-Mass-Exodus-at-a/234066
41http://www.nature.com/news/dutch-lead-european-push-to-flip-journals-to-open-access-1.19111
42
Open in Action
• Peer-reviewed (Gold)• Open access journals
• Original publications
• Double-blind peer-review built into workflow
• Non peer-reviewed (Green)• Institutional repositories
• Duplicate copies of articles published in peer-reviewed subscription or open access journals
• Theses, dissertations, data sets and other scholarly material
Green vs Gold Open Access
45http://research.assaf.org.za/
Institutional repositories (Green)
• Theses &
Dissertations
• 2nd copies of
research articles
published
elsewhere
• More
46
47
Open Access Journals (Gold)
48
50
http://thefreethoughtproject.com/cdc-scientist-admits-destroyed-data-showed-vaccines-caused-autism-children/#cZz6lzEjivPoTZ80.99
Musk says that the new open source policy’s goal is to help stem climate change. He writes: “It is impossible for Tesla to build electric cars fast enough to address the carbon crisis.”
http://www.forbes.com/sites/briansolomon/2014/06/12/tesla-goes-open-source-elon-musk-releases-patents-to-good-faith-use/
“Tesla Motors was created to accelerate the advent of sustainable transport. If we clear a path to the
creation of compelling electric vehicles, but then lay intellectual property landmines behind us to inhibit others, we are acting in a manner contrary to that goal. Tesla will not initiate patent lawsuits against
anyone who, in good faith, wants to use our technology.” – Elon Musk, CEO
Date Downloads
Nov 2013 984
May 2014 1 534
Oct 2015 2 289
Lifelong learning
“Let’s create the Web We Want for the World We Want.” - Tim Berners-Lee
“If a pack of lions don’t work together, they won’t even be able to bring down a wounded
buffalo.” – Sepedi Proverb