6/28/2013 1

ORGANIC

AGRICULTURE

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We have overshot sustainability, 350 ppm parts

Per million is recommended safe method for

Carbon dioxide, today at 386ppm we are over

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Organic Farming could pull forty percent

of global green house gas emissions out

of the atmosphere

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The farmers of the future will build soil

that will nurture the soils with innovative

techniques such as advance crop rotations

Intercropping, soil amendments and even

animal grazing . These healthier soils are

more resistant to dry and wet years the

Frequencies are increasing as climate

transforms

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• Improving and maintaining the fertility of the soil is the central focus in organic farming

Soil Fertility

FEEDING THE CROP = FEEDING THE SOIL

Protection of the soil through plant cover

A balanced crop rotation or mixed cropping

An appropriate tillage method

A good nutrient management

Balanced feeding and protection of soil organisms

A rich and active soil

of high fertility

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Why Organic Matter is So Important ?

good aeration and good infiltration of rain and irrigation water

soil organic matter provides a suitable environment for soil organisms

many beneficial soil organisms such as earth worms are feeding on organic material

visible parts of organic matter act like tiny sponges

a loose and soft soil structure with a lot of cavities

non-visible parts of organic matter act like a glue, sticking soil particles together

Balanced feeding and protection of soil organisms

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Increasing the level of organic matter in the soil…

• leaving crop residues on the field

•applying organic manures

• mulching with plant materials

or agro-wastes

• reducing soil tillage

• avoiding soil erosion

• using green manures or cover crops

• suitable crop rotations

• applying compost

Balanced feeding and protection of soil organisms

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An appropriate tillage method

• There is not one right way to cultivate the soil, but a range of options;

• depends on the cropping system and soil type – appropriate soil cultivation patterns must be developed

• Soil cultivation should aim on a minimum disturbance of the soil life.

Each farmer will have to assess the soil cultivation practice which is most suitable for his conditions

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Cover crops

• every plant which covers the soil and improves soil fertility can be a cover crop

Characteristics for ideal cover crops:

• seeds are cheap, easy to get, harvest, store and propagate;

• rapid rate of growth, able to cover the soil in short time;

• resistant against pest and diseases;

• produce large amounts of organic matter and dry material;

• fix nitrogen from the air and provide it to the soil;

• easy to sow and manage as single crop or associated with

other crops

• used as fodder, grains

Protection of the soil through plant cover

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Ensuring a permanent plant cover may rely on:

• timing of soil cultivation

•Timing of planting or sowing

•Mixed cultivation

•Intercropping

•Cover crops

•Mulching

•Timing of weeding

Protection of the soil through plant cover

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• organic farming feeds the plants indirectly by feeding the soil organisms with organic matter

Plant Nutrition

FEEDING THE SOIL = FEEDING THE CROP

Compost and Animal Manure

Organic Material

• More organic matter

• Better soil structure

• Increased soil activity

•Incorporation of diseased plant material

•Improved nutrient mobilization

• Decomposition of toxic substances

• potential suppression of soil borne pathogens

Balanced Nutrition

Reducing Direct and Indirect

Energy Use in Agriculture

• There is no doubt that organic, sustainable

agricultural practices can provide

synergestic benefits that include mitigating

climate change. Organic agriculture enables

Ecosystem that adjust better to the effects

of climate change and has major potential

for reducing agricultural green house gas

emisions.

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Organic agriculture performs

Better than conventional

Agriculture on a per hectare

Scale (fuel and oil) and

indirect consumption of

(Synthetic fertilizers and

Pesticides)

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It takes 35.3 mg

energy to produce 1

kg of N fertilizers

Fossil energy is invested in agricul-

tural production,Twice the amount

of fossil energy is used than the

solar energy used by all the plants

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• a major aim of the organic farmer is to create conditions which keep the plant healthy

Plant Health

FEEDING THE SOIL = FEEDING THE CROP

Preventive crop protection measures:

• adapted and resistant varieties

•Clean seeds and planting materials

• suitable cropping systems

•Balanced nutrient management

•Input of organic matter

Preventive crop protection measures:

•Appropriate soil cultivation

•Good water management

•Promote natural enemies

•Optimal planting time

•Sanitation measures

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Organic Farming

• Organically grown is dramatically superior

in mineral content than grown by modern

conventional methods.

• Major benefits to consumer is that it is free

from contamination of health harming

chemicals such as pesticides, fungicides and

herbicides.

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Advantages

• Food tastes better than conventionally

grown. The tastiness of fruit and vegetables

is directly related to its sugar content.

• Added value of organically produce,

consumers are willing to pay at premium

prize.

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Advantages

• Organically grown are disease and pest

resistance, this was proven by US doctors.

• Weeds are nature band-aids placed by

wisdom of creation to heal and restore

damaged soil, improved soil dissuade major

weeds but favor crops, healthy plants able

to compete with weeds.

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Advantages

• Organic farming has lower inputs cost,

farmer save from expensive insecticides,

pesticides and fungicides.

• Organically grown plants are more drought

tolerant.

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Disadvantages

• Industrialized agriculture points to its

superior productivity. High yield is possible

by using massive inputs.

• Less time use by conventional farming, they

may sow seeds direct drilling after soil is

treated with herbecide, organic farmer are

dependent on cultivation to remove weeds

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Disadvantages

• Organic farming is labor intensive.

• Convenience in the used of GM crops,

round up ready, pest free.

• It requires more skills to farm

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Let us spread the Technology of

Organic farming

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Indigenous plants used as biopesticides

Common Name Scientific Name Description Pest Controlled

Sitsirika Catharansus roseus Ornamental plant,

flowers with white

and pink

Repellant on aphids

and worms

Palochina

ringworm bush

Cassia alaha Shrub, thrives in

wasteland near

water. Yellow

flowers

Fungus disease,

mixed for fungicide

preparation

makabuhay Tinosphora

numphii

Climbing vine General

Tubli Derris elliptica Shrub like herb,

brown stem

General, Diamond

backmoth

Madre de Cacao Glinicidia sepium Deciduous tree, pink

flowers

Eradicate diseases,

broadcasted in rice

field for case worm,

repellant

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Indigenous plants used as biopesticides

Common Name Scientific Name Description Pest Controlled

Marigold,

Amarillo

Tagetes erecta Rank smelling

annual herb, flowers

pale to yellow-

orange

Repellant planted as

companion planting

Sili/red hot

pepper

Capsicum

frutescence

Shrub like herb,

fruits are red

General

Tanglad/

Lemongrass

Cymbopogon

citratus

Fragrant leaves General

Paminta Piper nigrum Start climber General

Luya/ginger Zingiber officionali Aromatic rootstock General

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Indigenous plants used as biopesticides

Common Name Scientific Name Description Pest Controlled

Tubang bakod Japtropha curcas Leaves and branches

used for spray

Kills insects

Kayos/Kubong Dioscora hipida Climbing plant and

tuber, very itchy

Used as spray for

rice bugs

Tigdaw/talahib Saccharum

spontaeum

Green leaves Leaves are used as

repellant

Tawanak Leaves are like small

banana leaves

Stems are stuck

around rice field,

general pest

repellant

Hagonoi Wedelia biflora Plant parts used as

spray; for aphids

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Organic Preparations

• revives soil nutrients

• speeds up composting

• balances the beneficial and non-beneficial microbes

IMOs– Indigenous microorganisms

1. 1 kilo of cooked rice put inside a wooden box, cover and wrap with manila paper;

2. Store in a cool, dry place, check after 2 to 3 days for appearance of molds;

3. Put moldy rice in a plastic container, mixed with 1 kilo of molasses, cover, store in a cool dry place

4. Ferment for seven days until it becomes a mud-like juice

5. Mix 2 tbsp of Imo per liter of water

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Organic Preparations

• Food for the IMOs

• Enhance plant growth

FPJs– Fermented Plant Juices

1. Cut a kilo of green plants/leaves, place in a plastic container and cover with paper;

2. Add 1 kilo of molasses; Store in a cool, dry place

3. Ferment for 7 days

- Mix 2 tbsp of FPJ to a liter of water; spray to the leaves and soil

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Organic Preparations

• Increase plant nutrition

FFJs– Fermented Fruit Juices

1. Cut a kilo of any fruit that is not sour;

2. Add 1 kilo of molasses; Store in a cool, dry place

3. Ferment for 7 days

- Mix 2 tbsp of FFJ to a liter of water; spray to the leaves and soil

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Organic Preparations

• serves as food of microorganisms

• root hormone

• foliar fertilizer

FAAs– Fish Amino Acids

1. Mash a kilo of whole fish/fish entrails/shellfish;

2. Add 1 kilo of molasses; Store in a cool, dry place

3. Ferment for 14 days

- Mix 2 tbsp of FAA to a liter of water; spray to the leaves and soil

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Thank

YoU