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Duguet, M. and Szumylo, N. 2018. Precambrian geology of Cochrane and Borden townships, Kapuskasing Structural Zone, Wawa–Abitibi terrane; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3821, scale 1:20 000.
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MAR GINAL NOTESINTRODUCTIONT he map are a is locate d within the high m e tamorphic grade Arche an Kapuskasing S tructural Zone (KS Z) in theW aw a–Abitibi te rrane . T he townships of Cochrane and Borde n (200 km2) cove r the w e ste rn e dge of the Borde nLake gre e nstone be lt (BLGB) and w e re mappe d at a scale of 1:20 000. T he BLGB ove rlie s the migmatite s ofthe Kapuskasing structural zone (KS Z) and is se parate d from the latte r by a te ctonic contact that is inte rpre te das a thrust fault (see Dugue t and S zumylo 2016). T his mapping proje ct was imple m e nte d afte r the majordiscove ry of a major gold occurre nce discove ry at the north e dge of Borde n Lake by P robe M ine s Limite d in2012 (M urahwi, Gowans and S an M artin 2012).T he se brie f marginal note s e xplain critical choice s made in the map le ge nd coding and e mphasize ne w re sultsthat w e re not pre se nte d or discusse d in pre vious publications, but which re late dire ctly to the ge ological historyof the map are a. Be cause P rote rozoic rocks (units 13 to 17) w e re not the primary focus of the study, the see xplanatory note s will mostly addre ss the ge ology of the Arche an units. N one the le ss, re ade rs can findre fe re nce s, de taile d fie ld and pe trological de scriptions and ge oche mistry re late d to the P rote rozoic units inDugue t and S zumylo (2016) and Dugue t (2018).ROCK UNIT DESCRIPTIONSMigmatites of the Kapuskasing Structural Zone (units 1 and 2)Ge ological units of the KS Z re pre se nt about 45% of the map are a. P re viously mappe d as gne issic tonaliticintrusive rocks, most of the se gne isse s are be tte r de scribe d as primary to m e lt-rich diate xite s according to theclassification of S awye r (2008). Ample pe trological and fie ld de scriptions of the se rocks w e re provide d inDugue t and S zumylo (2016). T he se units unde rw e nt at le ast 2 ide ntifiable partial m e lting e ve nts. M ulti-partialm e lting (i.e ., migmatitic) e ve nts w e re pre viously re cognize d both in the fie ld and through ge ochronology byvarious authors (see M ose r 1994; Krogh 1993). T o account for the comple xity of the se diate xite s, 2 rock unitsw e re cre ate d in the le ge nd. U nit 1 e ncompasse s migmatitic mafic gne iss and paragne iss which constitute asignificant part of the m e lanosom e compone nt of the se diate xite s. In contrast, unit 2 consists of the tonaliticm e lt (i.e ., le ucosom e ) composing the diate xite . M odifie rs w e re adde d in unit 2 to account for the se cond partialm e lting e ve nt pre se nt in the se rocks, which is characte rize d by granodioritic to monzogranitic le ucosom e se xtracte d from the tonalitic diate xite s. How e ve r, it is difficult in the fie ld to diffe re ntiate such rocks and to classifythe m as e ithe r a m e lt-rich diate xite (70–80% in m e lt conte nt) or as an e nclave -rich intrusive rock be cause thistype of classification partly re lie s on both the ratio of m e lanosom e :le ucosom e obse rve d in the outcrop and theprope r distinction be tw e e n m e lanosom e and e nclave . T hus, the classification can be gre atly influe nce d byoutcrop e xposure conditions. M ore ove r, ne ar total re trogre ssion by m e lt pe rcolation into m e lanosom e s (seeDugue t and S zumylo 2016) was docum e nte d in se ve ral place s, which, to an e ve n gre ate r de gre e , pre clude sa prope r distinction be tw e e n m e lanosom e and country-rock e nclave . T his cannot be e ntire ly re solve d without athorough pe trographic study.A tonalitic diate xite of unit 2 was sample d for U /P b ge ochronology by lase r ablation inductive ly couple d plasmamass spe ctrom e try (LA-ICP –M S ). T he sample yie lde d 2 age s: the first at 2678±7 M a and the se cond at2664±6 M a (Davis and S utcliffe 2017). O the r age s on zircon core s from the sample range be tw e e n 2758 and2704 M a and are like ly inhe rite d e ithe r from the diffe re nt rocks sourcing the m e lt or country rock assimilation, orboth. T he younge r age at 2664 M a was found on both unzone d rims and zone d zircons, with the zone d zirconssugge sting crystallization from a m e lt. A possible inte rpre tation is that the olde r age at circa 2678 M a re fle ctscrystallization of the tonalitic m e lt prior to the se cond partial m e lting e ve nt that affe cte d the tonalitic diate xite atcirca 2664 M a. T he age at circa 2660 M a has be e n docum e nte d by se ve ral pre vious studie s (see M ose r 1994;Krogh 1993), but a som e w hat younge r age e ve nt at circa 2640–2650 M a re porte d pre viously (M ose r 1994;Krogh 1993) and tie d to a major partial m e lting e ve nt in the KS Z w as not docum e nte d in Borde n Lake are a bythis study.Borden Lake Greenstone BeltGe oche mistry and ge ochronology data acquire d since 2016 have m e ant that the broad subdivision of the BLGBpre viously e stablishe d by Dugue t and S zumylo in 2016 (i.e ., low e r, inte rm e diate and uppe r units) has be e nre fine d and e xpande d. S upracrustal units now comprise 4 units (units 3, 4, 7 and 9) and intrusive rocks up to6 units (units 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12).Supracrustal Rocks (units 3, 4, 7 and 9)Mafic Gneiss and Am p hibolite Derived from the Metam orp hism of Tholeiitic Mafic Volcanic andIntrusive Rocks (unit 3)T his unit constitute s the dominant lithology in the BLGB and is compose d mostly of amphibolite de rive d bym e tamorphism and de formation of pillow e d and massive mafic volcanic rocks. Ge ochronology (cf. se ction onunit 6) was unable to provide a cle ar tim e fram e for e mplace m e nt of this unit. Ge oche mically, most of the rockscomposing this unit fall in the back-arc fie ld of the te rnary diagram (La-N b-Y) of Cabanis and Le colle (1989).Although unit 3 is mostly compose d of mafic m e tavolcanic rocks, som e mafic intrusive rocks w e re assigne d tothis unit (unit 3e ) for 2 re asons. T he first re ason is that the se mafic intrusive rocks are ge oche mically ide ntical tothe mafic m e tavolcanic rocks, but are ge oche mically distinct from othe r Arche an mafic intrusive rocks in theare a (see unit 5). T he se cond re ason is that the se mafic intrusions have be e n obse rve d only in association withthe mafic m e tavolcanic rocks. T he se mafic intrusive rocks are usually thin (a fe w m e tre s to 10 m thick) andw e re ve ry like ly e mplace d paralle l to the ge ne ral stratigraphy of the mafic volcanic flows. T his fe ature can bealso se e n at map scale in the map of the se cond ve rtical de rivative of the re sidual magne tic fie ld whe re unit 3ete nds to form promine nt magne tic high anomalie s (F igure 1). T his also sugge sts that unit 3e may have be e ne mplace d as synvolcanic sills conte mporane ously of the mafic m e tavolcanic flows.Interm ed iate to Felsic Gneiss Derived from Calc-Alkaline Interm ed iate Volcanicand Volcaniclastic Rocks (unit 4)U nit 4 is mostly e xpose d in the w e ste rn e dge of the BLGB and is compose d of inte rm e diate to fe lsicm e tavolcanic rocks. Be cause of the inte nse de formation and m e tamorphism of the BLGB, unit 4 rocks w e ree xtre m e ly difficult to distinguish from unit 5 and unit 3 in the fie ld. N one the le ss, whe re de formation is le ssinte nse , the inte rm e diate gne iss is w e ll laye re d (laye ring like ly inhe rite d from volcanic be dding), ve ry fine to finegraine d, and m e lanocratic. Alte ration is abundant, although the synvolcanic alte ration doe s not se e m to be aswide spre ad as in unit 3. T his is like ly the re ason why garne t porphyroblasts are quasi-abse nt from unit 4. F orthe sam e afore m e ntione d re ason (i.e ., inte nse de formation), the more fe lsic m e m be r of unit 4 was ofte nindistinguishable from unit 6 or 8. How e ve r, inte rm e diate gne iss of unit 4 displays a distinct ge oche micalsignature whe n compare d to the amphibolite of unit 3. O n a chondrite -normalize d diagram (normalizing factorsof S un and M cDonough 1989), the rare e arth e le m e nts (R EE) show a strongly fractionate d patte rn with ane nrichm e nt in the light rare e arth e le m e nts (LR EE). Be cause of the inte nse de formation and the lack of dire ctobse rvable contacts, stratigraphic position re lative to unit 3 re mains ambiguous. It is be lie ve d that unit 4ove rlie s unit 3.Metased im entary Rocks (p ossible Porcup ine-typ e eq uivalent, 2685 Ma) (unit 7)U nit 7 is compose d mainly of m e tagre ywacke s and subordinate w e ll-laminate d siltstone s. T his unit wasde posite d upon units 3 and 4 afte r at le ast 1 te ctonom e tamorphic e ve nt had occurre d (see Dugue t and S zumylo2016; Dugue t 2017). De formation in this unit is highly he te roge ne ous ranging from ve ry w e akly de form e d tomylonitic. M e tamorphism re ache d the amphibolite facie s, with trace s of partial m e lting in the southe aste rn flankof the BLGB. In contrast to unit 3, m e tamorphism in som e are as of unit 7 cle arly occurre d during the late rstage s of de formation to som e tim e afte r the de formation e ve nt, with garne t porphyroblasts growing statically onthe foliation. Garne t-biotite fe lsic gne isse s like ly be longing to unit 7 host the Borde n gold de posit. M aximumalte ration (silicification, carbonatization, se ricitization) and de formation are found within and around the Borde ngold de posit.Metased im entary Rocks (Tim iskam ing-typ e; 2667–2665 Ma) (unit 9)W ithin the BLGB, the younge st supracrustal rocks are re pre se nte d by the T imiskaming-type conglom e rate s. F ora comple te pe trographic and fie ld de scription, re ade rs are re fe rre d to M ose r (1993) and Dugue t and S zumylo(2016). T he thicke st and be st-e xpose d se ction is locate d just north of Borde n Lake and is e asily acce ssible byHighway 101. O the r occurre nce s w e re also found sporadically along the shore s of Borde n Lake and w e re alsointe rse cte d in diamond-drill core s through the Borde n gold de posit. M e taconglom e rate s are clast supporte d andinte rlaye re d with rare horizons of m e dium gre y, fine - to m e dium-graine d, m e tasandstone and m e tagre ywacke .T he m e taconglom e rate matrix varie s in grain size and composition. T he fine -graine d matrix is mostlyinte rm e diate in composition, with the pre se nce of hornble nde and biotite along with plagioclase and quartz.T he pe litic matrix composition is also pre se nt, but in le sse r quantity, and ge ne rally hosts garne t as commonm e tamorphic phase . A coarse r graine d matrix compose d of silty to sandy mate rial of a similar composition asthe sandstone inte rlaye re d within the conglom e rate s is also pre se nt. T his m e tase dim e ntary unit has be e n thesubje ct of se ve ral ge ochronological studie s (U /P b on de trital zircons and/or clasts within the conglom e rate ),which all agre e d on a maximum age of de position at circa 2667 M a (2664±6 M a: P e rcival, Love ridge andS ullivan 1981; 2667±2 M a: Krogh 1993; 2671±12 M a: M ose r e t al. 2008).Intrusive Rocks (units 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12)Mafic Gneiss Derived from Mafic Intrusive Rocks (unit 5)M afic to inte rm e diate intrusive rocks of unit 5 are re cognize d as the olde st in the Borde n Lake are a and intrudethe m e tavolcanic rocks. T he y are conce ntrate d on the southe rn flank of the BLGB whe re the y form a re lative lythick and continuous unit. T he inte nsity of the de formation make s it som e tim e s difficult to distinguish the m fromthe le ast-alte re d facie s of the mafic m e tavolcanic rocks of unit 3. How e ve r, e ve n whe re strongly de form e d, the irmassive appe arance in the fie ld and the ir lack of synvolcanic alte ration provide , most of the tim e , re liablecrite ria to se parate the m from the w e ll-laye re d m e tavolcanic rocks. U nit 5 is also distinguishable che micallyfrom units 3 and 4. O n chondrite -normalize d R EE diagrams, unit 5 shows a mode rate fractionation patte rn witha slight e nrichm e nt in LR EE. Ge ochronology was unsucce ssful in providing a crystallization age . All the zircons(U /P b, ID-T IM S , Kamo and Hamilton 2017) gave ill-constraine d age s ranging from 2628 to 2616 M a. M ore ove r,the se age s are too young whe n compare d to the fie ld re lationships and, thus, do not re fle ct a crystallizationage . Base d on zircon morphology and compositions (ve ry low T h/U ), the se age s have be e n inte rpre te d tore fle ct late m e tamorphism (Kamo and Hamilton 2017).Syntectonic Felsic to Interm ed iate Intrusive Rocks of Calc-Alkaline Affinity (units 6, 8 and 10)T he se 3 porphyry units posse ss ve ry similar ge oche mical and pe trological characte ristics that make the malmost impossible to diffe re ntiate in are as whe re late de formation and alte ration are inte nse (e .g., in the unitshosting the Borde n gold de posit). T he se units w e re subdivide d base d on fie ld re lationships (e .g., intrusivecontact, crosscutting re lationships) and ge ochronology.U nit 6 is re pre se nte d mostly by tonalitic to granodioritic gne iss, m e tre -thick, horizons, which are alsointe rlaye re d with the mafic m e tavolcanic flows of unit 3. T he y are particularly abundant on both flanks of theBLGB ne ar the te ctonic contact with the KS Z. T he y are consiste ntly ve ry de form e d and are locally alte re d.W he re e xposure conditions are favourable , much le ss de form e d dike s of unit 8 crosscutting unit 6 have be e nobse rve d (see Dugue t 2018). Be cause of the ir fie ld re lationships with unit 3 (see Dugue t and S zumylo 2016),unit 6 was initially thought to be e xtrusive inste ad of intrusive . Although ge ochronology could not clarify thisambiguity (i.e ., e xtrusive ve rsus intrusive origin), the age s obtaine d on 2 sample s confirm e d that the fe lsicgne iss assigne d to unit 6 are among the olde st rocks found in the BLGB (U /P b on zircon, LA-ICP –M S : Davis,M énard and S utcliffe 2018). A mylonitic quartz-fe ldspar porphyry yie lde d 2 age s: the first at 2730.9±7.9 M a, andthe se cond at 2689.8±6.9 M a. Anothe r sample of similar composition and fie ld re lationships, but garne t be aring,yie lde d a single age at 2699.5±5.7 M a. T he age of circa 2731 M a could be e ithe r a true e mplace m e nt age orcould re pre se nt inhe ritance from the source or assimilation of country rocks. S imilarly, the younge r age atcirca 2690 M a could re fle ct e ithe r a te ctonom e tamorphic e ve nt or a crystallization age . O ne must also ke e p inmind that inhe ritance proble ms have plague d age de te rminations on porphyrie s in othe r parts of the AbitibiS ubprovince (see, for e xample , M acDonald, Hastie and Davis 2017, and re fe re nce s the re in) and that an olde rhomoge ne ous zircon population doe s not ne ce ssarily re pre se nt a crystallization age . R e gardle ss of which of thetwo is the valid inte rpre tation, the age s in the 2700–2690 M a range are surprisingly ide ntical to thosedocum e nte d on similar rocks (mostly porphyrie s, but also many fe lsic volcanic rocks) of much low e rm e tamorphic grade in the T immins gold camp (Aye r e t al. 2005, and re fe re nce s the re in). How e ve r, this agerange also ove rlaps with a major te ctonom e tamorphic e ve nt that affe cte d the W aw a–Abitibi te rrane .Among the 3 porphyry units, unit 8 is the only one re pre se nte d by mappable plutonic bodie s e xpose d in thece ntre of the BLGB. How e ve r, unit 8 also comprise s many dike s and sills e mplace d into the olde r supracrustalrocks. Although mostly plagioclase phyric, the pre se nce of quartz phe nocrysts is not unusual. De formationinte nsity of this unit is highly varie d, ranging from mylonitic to w e akly de form e d. A sample take n along Highway101 from the main plutonic body of unit 8 yie lde d an age of 2679.8±1.2 M a (U /P b ID-T IM S on zircon: Kamo andHamilton 2017). T his fe lsic intrusive rock, tonalitic in composition, is mode rate ly foliate d and crosscut by ape gmatite dike (unit 12). T his age is ve ry comparable to the one found in the unde rlying migmatite s of the KS Z,but, in contrast to the latte r sample , the unit 8 sample doe s not display any e vide nce of inhe ritance .U nit 10 was de fine d primarily base d on fie ld re lationships. P orphyrie s of this unit are mostly found intrudingde form e d conglom e rate s of unit 9 and, the re fore , must be younge r than the maximum de positional age of theconglom e rate s at circa 2665 M a (P e rcival, Love ridge and S ullivan 1981; Krogh 1993). T he se porphyrie s arege ne rally plagioclase phyric, but are more inte rm e diate in composition than the fe lsic intrusive units 6 and 8.T he porphyrie s obse rve d crosscutting unit 9 are mostly unde form e d to w e akly de form e d.U nit 11 is compose d of monzonite , monzodiorite and mafic to ultramafic intrusive rocks. T he alkaline nature ofthis plutonic unit was infe rre d in Dugue t and S zumylo (2016), but has since be e n confirm e d by ge oche mistry(Dugue t 2018). T his unit intrude s both the KS Z and BLGB, but is alw ays localize d ne ar the te ctonic contactse parating the KS Z and the BLGB.U nit 12 is re pre se nte d mostly by pe gmatite dike s, monzogranitic to sye nogranitic in composition, that intrude ddiffe re nt units of the KS Z and the BLGB. How e ve r, a size able body is pre se nt on the southe rn flank of theBLGB along the shore line s of Borde n Lake . It is an e quigranular, m e dium-graine d, pink monzogranite . W he npre se nt, the de formation is only limite d to a crude cle avage and/or a w e ak magmatic foliation. A poorlyconstraine d age of 2633±11 M a (U /P b on zircon) was de te rmine d by P e rcival, Love ridge and S ullivan (1981)from this body.RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ALTERATION AND METAMORPHISM IN THE BORDEN LAKEGREENSTONE BELTT he Borde n Lake gre e nstone be lt (BLGB) was m e tamorphose d unde r amphibolite -facie s conditions andre ache d partial m e lting conditions only ve ry sporadically (Dugue t and S zumylo 2016). T his is a strikingdiffe re nce with the migmatitic formations (units 1 and 2) of the Kapuskasing S tructural Zone (KS Z).De pe nding of the ir stratigraphic position and the ir composition, units in the BLGB w e re affe cte d by one orse ve ral hydrothe rmal e ve nts that produce d a varie ty of alte ration type s (e .g., carbonate s, sodic, potassic, e tc.).T he olde r units, such as units 3 and 4, are typically the most alte re d be cause the y have accum ulate d the e ffe ctof synvolcanic alte ration (i.e ., se a floor) as w e ll as post-de positional alte ration, re late d e ithe r to porphyrye mplace m e nt and/or gold mine ralization. Younge r m e tase dim e ntary formations (units 7 and 9), althoughinte nse ly alte re d in som e place s, usually unde rw e nt only a single major hydrothe rmal e ve nt. R e gardle ss oftiming, both hydrothe rmal e ve nts produce similar alte ration e ffe cts, which, once m e tamorphose d, may not bee asy to diffe re ntiate in the fie ld. In this le ge nd, whe re distinguishable , e arlie r synvolcanic alte ration is e mbe dde din the main lithological code s for the unit, whe re as late r alte ration e ffe cts, re gardle ss of the ir origin, are code das modifie rs.R e gardle ss of the ir timing, all the alte ration type s obse rve d in the be lt are m e tamorphose d unde r middlepre ssure and te mpe rature conditions (500–600°C, 5–6 kilobars: Dugue t 2017). Carbonate alte ration was thetype most affe cte d by m e tamorphism since most of the e arly carbonate s w e re re crystallize d into calc-silicatemine rals (diopside , tre molite , e pidote , garne t, e tc.). It is also note worthy that the late st m e tamorphose dalte ration occurre d at le ast afte r one major te ctonom e tamorphic e ve nt. Ve ins displaying unde form e d calc-silicate s mine ralogy re gularly crosscut w e ll-foliate d m e tamorphic rocks. In the case of more pe rvasive alte ration,re licts of de form e d and re crystallize d rocks unde r amphibolite -facie s conditions are pre se rve d as clots ore nclave s in unde form e d, fine - to m e dium-graine d, aggre gate s of e uhe dral mine rals.MINERAL RESOURCESBe fore the discove ry of the Borde n gold de posit in 2012, the mine ral pote ntial in the KS Z was de e m e d ve ry low.O nly a fe w coppe r occurre nce s with minor gold w e re docum e nte d in the 1980s (see, for e xample , Harpe r 1982;Ire land 1984) in mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (e quivale nts of unit 3) or associate d with porphyrie s (e quivale nts ofunits 6, 8 and 10). Equally, uranium, niobium, R EE, phosphate and spodum e ne mine ralization have be e nde scribe d in the P ale oprote rozoic carbonatite of the Borde n Lake comple x (unit 15) (S age 1987). T heunde re xploration of the KS Z arose from the common pe rce ption that migmatitic te rrane s are not favourable forhosting significant mine ral de posits. Inde e d, any pre -e xisting mine ral de posits like ly would be e rase d bysignificant amount of m e lting. Although the ge ology of the KS Z was w e ll docum e nte d by e arly studie s (seeP e rcival 1981; M ose r 1993), little e mphasis was put on the se low e r grade supracrustal domains (i.e ., notre aching partial m e lting conditions) mainly be cause the focus of the se acade mic studie s was mostly on high-pre ssure granulite -facie s rocks.S ince 2012, e xte nsive e xploration has take n place in the BLGB within and around the Borde n gold de posit withhundre ds of diamond drill-hole s (F igure s 2 and 3). In are as of poor e xposure , the map gre atly be ne fite d fromthe logs of the se diamond-drill core s. At the tim e of writing, at the Borde n gold de posit, Goldcorp Inc. hasP rove n and P robable mine ral re se rve s of 950 000 ounce s of gold (Goldcorp Inc., ne ws re le ase , O ctobe r 26,2016 [acce sse d August 16, 2018]).T his mapping has highlighte d the gre at pote ntial for gold de posits in the KS Z mainly in are as of pre se rve dsupracrustal rocks, e spe cially those rocks showing indications of alte ration e ve nts and/or the pre se nce ofT imiskaming-type m e tase dim e ntary rocks.
REFERENCESAye r, J.A., T hurston, P.C., Bate m an, R ., Dubé, B., Gibson, H.L., Hamilton, M .A., Hathw ay, B., Hocke r, S .M ., Houlé, M .G., Hudak, G., Ispolatov, V.O ., Lafrance , B., Le she r, C.M ., M acDonald, P.J., P éloquin, A.S ., P ie rce y, S .J., R e e d, L.E. and T hompson, P.H. 2005. O ve rvie w of re sults from the Gre e nstone Archite cture P roje ct: Discove r Abitibi Initiative ; O ntario Ge ological S urve y, O pe n F ile R e port 6154, 146p.Cabanis, B. and Le colle , M . 1989. Le diagramm e La/10-Y/15-N b/8; un outil pour la discrimination de s série s volcanique s e t la mise e n évide nce de s proce ssus de mélange e t/ou de contamination crustale ; Compte s R e ndus de l’Académie de s S cie nce s, S érie II, M écanique , physique , chimie , scie nce s de l’unive rs, scie nce s de la te rre , v.309, p.2023-2029.Davis, D.W ., M énard, J. and S utcliffe , C.N . 2018. U -P b ge ochronology of sample s from northe rn O ntario. P art B: LA-ICP M S ; inte rnal re port for the O ntario Ge ological S urve y, Jack S atte rly Ge ochronology Laboratory, U nive rsity of T oronto, T oronto, O ntario, 94p.Davis, D.W . and S utcliffe , C.N . 2017. P art B: U -P b Ge ochronology by LA-ICP M S in sample s from northe rn O ntario. Inte rnal re port for the O ntario Ge ological S urve y; Jack S atte rly Ge ochronology Laboratory, U nive rsity of T oronto, T oronto, O ntario, 131p.Dugue t, M . 2017. S tructural archite cture and m e tamorphism of the Borde n Lake gre e nstone be lt, Kapuskasing S tructural Zone , Abitibi–W awa te rrane ; e xte nde d abstract in S ocie ty of Ge ology Applie d to M ine ral De posit (S GA), 14th Bie nnial m e e ting, August 20–23, 2017, Q ue be c City, Q ue be c, P roce e dings, v.1, p.131-134.——— 2018. Ge ological, ge oche mical, ge ophysical and pe trographic data re late d to the Cochrane and Borde n townships are a, Kapuskasing S tructural Zone , W awa– Abitibi te rrane ; O ntario Ge ological S urve y, M isce llane ous R e le ase —Data 365.Dugue t, M . and S zumylo, N . 2016. Arche an and P rote rozoic ge ology of the Borde n Lake are a, Kapuskasing S tructural Zone , Abitibi–W awa te rrane ; in S ummary of F ie ld W ork and O the r Activitie s, 2016, O ntario Ge ological S urve y, O pe n F ile R e port 6323, p.4-1 to 4-20.
Harpe r, H.G. 1982. Asse ssm e nt re port ge ological, prospe cting and ge ophysical surve ys, Cochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14S W , pre pare d by Harpe r Consulting S e rvice s Inc. for Kapuskasing R e source s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14S W , asse ssm e nt file AF R I# 41O 14S W 0005, 32p.Ire land, J.C. 1984. Asse ssm e nt re port on diamond drilling, Cochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14S W , pre pare d for N oranda Exploration Company Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14S W , asse ssm e nt file AF R I# 41O 14S W 0004, 22p.Kamo, S .L. and Hamilton, M .A. 2017. P art A: R e port on U -P b ID-T IM S ge ochronology for the O ntario Ge ological S urve y: Be drock M apping P roje cts, O ntario. Ye ar 2: 2016-2017. Inte rnal re port for the O ntario Ge ological S urve y; Jack S atte rly Ge ochronology Laboratory, U nive rsity of T oronto,T oronto, O ntario, 72p.Krogh, T.E. 1993. High pre cision U -P b age s for granulite m e tamorphism and de formation in the Arche an Kapuskasing structural zone , O ntario: Implications for structure and de ve lopm e nt of the low e r crust; Earth and P lane tary S cie nce Le tte rs, v.119, p.1-18.M acDonald, P.J., Hastie , E.C.G. and Davis, D.W . 2017. P re liminary ge ology of O sway and Huffm an townships and parts of Eric, F ingal and Arbutus townships, southe rn S wayze are a, Abitibi gre e nstone be lt; in S ummary of F ie ld W ork and O the r Activitie s, 2017, O ntario Ge ological S urve y, O pe n F ile R e port 6333, p.7-1 to 7-13.M ose r, D.E. 1993. A ge ological, structural and ge ochronological study of the Ce ntral W awa gne iss domain: Implications for the de ve lopm e nt of diffe re nt crustal le ve ls of the Arche an Abitibi–W awa oroge ny of the southe rn S upe rior P rovince , Canadian S hie ld; unpublishe d P hD the sis, Q ue e n’s U nive rsity, Kingston, O ntario, Canada, 182p.——— 1994. T he ge ology and structure of the mid-crustal W awa gne iss domain: A ke y to unde rstanding te ctonic variation with de pth and tim e in the Late Arche an Abitibi–W awa oroge ny; Canadian Journal of Earth S cie nce s, v.31, p.1064-1080.
M ose r, D.E., Bowman, J.R ., W oode n, J.L., Valle y, J.W ., M azdab, F.K. and Kita, N .T . 2008. Cre ation of a contine nt re corde d in zircon zoning; Ge ology, v.36, p.239-242.M urahwi, C., Gowans, R . and S an M artin, A.J. 2012. T e chnical re port on the update d mine ral re source e stimate for the Borde n Lake gold de posit, Borde n Lake prope rty, northe rn O ntario, Canada, pre pare d for P robe M ine s Limite d by M icon Inte rnational Ltd.; N I 43-101 T e chnical R e port, file d M ay 17, 2012 with S EDAR ®, see S EDAR Hom e P age , 188p.P e rcival, J.A. 1981. Ge ological e volution of part of the ce ntral S upe rior P rovince base d on re lationships among the Abitibi and W awa subprovince s and the Kapuskasing S tructural Zone ; unpublishe d P hD the sis, Q ue e n’s U nive rsity, Kingston, O ntario, Canada, 300p.P e rcival, J.A., Love ridge , W .D. and S ullivan, R .W . 1981. U -P b zircon age s of m e taconglom e rate cobble s and quartz monzonite from the Kapuskasing S tructural Zone in the Chaple au are a, O ntario; in Curre nt R e se arch, P art C; Ge ological S urve y of Canada, P ape r 88-1C, p.107-113.S age , R .P. 1987. Ge ology of carbonatite –alkalic rock comple xe s in O ntario: Borde n T ownship Carbonatite Comple x, District of S udbury; O ntario Ge ological S urve y, S tudy 33, 62p.S awye r, E.W . 2008. Atlas of migmatite s; N R C R e se arch P re ss and M ine ralogical Association of Canada, T he Canadian M ine ralogist, S pe cial P ublication 9, 371p.S un, S -s. and M cDonough, W .F. 1989. Che mical and isotopic syste m atics of oce anic basalts: Implications for mantle compositions and proce sse s; in M agmatism in oce an basins, T he Ge ological S ocie ty, S pe cial P ublication N o.42, p.313-345.
a “Num b er” in dica tes the loca tion on the m a p. b Ab b revia tion s: CA-ID-T IMS = U /Pb chem ica l a b ra sion isotopic dilution therm a l ion iza tion m a ss spectrom etry; ID-T IMS = U /Pb isotopic dilution therm a l ion iza tion m a ss spectrom etry; L A-ICP– MS = U /Pb la ser a b la tion in ductively coupled pla sm a m a ss spectrom etry.
c Beca use of a m b iguous in terpreta tion resultin g from a com plex geologica l history, som e of the CA-ID-T IMS sa m ples were reprocessed b y L A-ICP-MS. Ages b y b oth m ethods a re in cluded in this ta b le. d L oca tion s provided a s U T M co-ordin a tes in NAD83, Z on e 17. e L oca tion s for historica l sa m ples were estim a ted from previous pub lica tion s a n d a re n ot a s a ccura te a s the loca tion s for sa m ples collected a s pa rt of this project. f Sources: 1 = this study: Ka m o a n d Ha m ilton (2017); 2 = this study: Da vis, Mén a rd a n d Sutcliffe (2018); 3 = Perciva l a n d Krogh (1983); 4 = Perciva l et a l. (1981); 5 = Krogh (1993); 6 = Rukhlov a n d Bell (2010); 7 = this study: Da vis a n d Sutcliffe (2017); 8 = Moser (1993).
Table 1. Ge ochronological data for sample s colle cte d in Cochrane and Borde n townships.Number a
12a2b2c2d345678a8b8c8d910a10b10c11a11b
Method b
CA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SLA-ICP -M S cLA-ICP -M S cCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM SLA-ICP -M S cID-T IM SLA-ICP -M SLA-ICP -M SLA-ICP -M SCA-ID-T IM SCA-ID-T IM S
Interpretation
M e tamorphismInhe ritance or e mplace m e nt (2 grains)Emplace m e nt or de formation (3 grains)Inhe ritance or e mplace m e ntEmplace m e nt or de formationEmplace m e nt ageEmplace m e nt ageM aximum age of de positionM aximum age of de positionEmplace m e nt ageInhe ritance (1 grain)Inhe ritance or e mplace m e nt (2 grains)Emplace m e nt or maximum age of de formation (1 grain)Emplace m e ntEmplace m e ntInhe ritanceF irst phase of migmatization (tonalitic m e lt)S e cond phase of migmatization (granodioritic m e lt)M e tamorphism (granulite facie s?)Emplace m e nt
Age(Ma)
2628–2616 2706.9±1.72689.6±1.42730.9±7.92689.8±6.92677 +5/− 32679.8±1.2 2664±6 2667±22633±11 2693.1±1.4 2689.7±1.12678.1±1.5 2699.5±5.71882.0±3.92758–26942678±7 2664±626602637±2
Source f
11122314541112677788
Rock Type (Map Unit)
De form e d gabbro (5a)F e lsic gne iss inte rlaye re d with mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (6a)F e lsic gne iss inte rlaye re d with mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (6a)F e lsic gne iss inte rlaye re d with mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (6a)F e lsic gne iss inte rlaye re d with mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (6a)Gne issic tonalite (2cB,2d)F e ldspar porphyry (8b)T imiskaming-type conglom e rate (clast) (9)T imiskaming-type conglom e rate (clast) (9)M onzogranite (12a)F e lsic gne iss inte rlaye re d with mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (6b)F e lsic gne iss inte rlaye re d with mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (6b)F e lsic gne iss inte rlaye re d with mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (6b)F e lsic gne iss inte rlaye re d with mafic m e tavolcanic rocks (6b)Carbonatite (15)Diate xite (2a)Diate xite (2a)Diate xite (2a)M afic granulite (1a)P e gmatite tonalite , le ucosom e in boudin ne ck? (1ab)
SampleNumber16M D002A16M D207B16M D207B16M D207B16M D207BLocation (6)16M D003AZR -489-7ZR -316N S 024B16N S 024B16N S 024B16N S 024BBO -20516M D008A16M D008A16M D008AS ite DS ite D
Easting d e(m)326218327620327620327620327620328592329700330372330372330701332471332471332471332471334231340004340004340004340664340664
Northing d e(m)
53031345306531530653153065315306531530169353049015304914530491453020075306009530600953060095306009530804753098385309838530983853102515310251
a Com pa n y drill-hole IDs followed b y a n a sterisk (*) in dica te those drill holes n ot la b elled on the m a p or in Figures 2 or 3. b L oca tion s provided a s U T M co-ordin a tes in NAD83, Z on e 17. c Com pa n y: 1 = A.C.A. Howe In tern a tion a l L im ited; 2 = Prob e Min es L im ited; 3 = Nora n da Explora tion Co. L td. d Source: On ta rio Geologica l Survey (2017). Ab b revia tion : n e = n on existen t (i.e., does n ot exist in On ta rio Geologica l Survey (2017)). e Ab b revia tion : n /a = n ot a va ila b le.
CompanyDrill-Hole ID aBL11-132BL11-133 *BL11-134 *BL11-135 *BL11-136BL11-137 *BL11-138 *BL11-139BL11-140BL11-M e tBL14-699BL14-700BL14-701BL14-702BL14-703BL14-704 *BL14-705BL14-706 *BL15-00913BL15-00933BL15-00937BL15-00939BL15-00944 *BL15-00945 *BL15-00949 *BL15-00950BL15-00954 *BL15-00956 *BL15-00957BL15-00958 *BL15-00963 *BL15-00965BL15-00967 *BL15-00970 *BL15-00973BL15-00977 *BL15-00979BL15-00983 *BL15-707BL15-707A *BL15-708 *BL15-709 *BL15-710 *BL15-711 *BL15-712 *BL15-713 *BL15-714BL15-715 *BL15-716 *BL15-717 *BL15-718BL15-719 *BL15-720 *BL15-721 *BL15-722BL15-722A *BL15-723 *BL15-724 *BL15-725 *BL15-726 *BL15-727 *BL15-736BL15-754BL15-767BL15-768BL16-00989BL16-00991 *BL16-00992BL16-00993BL16-00994 *BL16-00995 *BL16-01000BL16-01002BL16-01004BL16-01005BN 11-001BN 11-002BN 11-003BN 11-004BN 11-005BN 11-006BN 11-007BN 11-008BN 11-009BN 11-010BN 11-011BN 11-012BN 11-013BN 11-014BN 11-015BN 11-016BN 11-017BN 11-018BN 12-00020BN 12-00027BN 12-00028BN 12-00030BN 12-00031BN 12-00033BN 12-00034BN 12-00036BN 12-00038BN 12-00039BN 16-00041BN 16-00043BN 16-00045BN 16-00046BN 16-00047BN 16-00048BN 16-00049BN 16-00050BN 16-00051BN 16-00052CO -84-1
Easting b(m)331001331001331268330094331356331001331356330805330365330277332324331115331614331564331652331564331615331652332273330859332010331158331158332010331158330974330976331158332242332010331159332394332011332242332496332242332606332496331712331712331615331564331652331615331564331652331787331615331652331564331783331652331614331564331522331522331652331614331564331652331522332580332708332691332787333403333403334118333914333914334118332790327926328175328206327862327862328160328085328085327877327877327684327684327479327479326782326675327212327104327104326987326987327775328228328137328228326770326774327171327169330629328247327757327757328137326887326755326757327391326760328247326753327249
Lithocode e
D8n /an /an /aD7K[qv,po],8n /an /aD7,8D7n /aD8an /aD3aD3a,8aD3a,8an /an /an /aD8aD8a/10aD3a,8aD8a/10aD8a/10an /aD8a/10aD3a,8an /aD8a/10aD7a/6a,8an /aD8a/10aD14an /an /aD8a[qcv]n /aD17a[he m ]n /an /an /an /an /an /an /an /an /aD8a/10n /an /an /an /an /an /an /aD3a,8an /an /an /an /an /an /aD8a,10aD8aK,17aD8a[qcv]D8aK,10D8a/10an /aD9D9,10n /an /an /an /an /an /aD3aP VK[grt,qp,qv]D6a[grt]D3ad,10aKD6ab/7a[grt],10aD6ab/7a[grt],10aD3aD3aD3abc,6a,8aD3abc,6a,8aD3aD3aD3aD3an /an /an /an /an /aD3a[grt],6bD3a[grt],6/8n /aD8n /aD7/6D4aKn /aD3[grt],6bD3bc,7aD3an /aD6/7,8,10n /an /an /an /aD3a,8an /an /aD3a[grt],4c,7a[grt]
Northing b(m)
530361753036175303262530411653032185303617530321853036975303910530372353033015303438530331253033385303285530333853033135303285530325053038935304000530388853038865303999530388953039005303899530388953040335303999530388853039985303999530403353037375304033530351753037375303283530328353033135303338530328553033135303338530328553033265303313530328553033385303323530328553033125303338530336353033635303285530331253033385303285530336353031095303002530276353027315302756530275653029355302557530255753029355303528530401353041515304334530619353061935306405530642653064265306403530640353063745306374530624153062415306236530612053048855304794530479453047125304712530583953050705305086530507053042895304448530430953040955306261530531853048525304852530508653052745305400530499953045345305202530531853048085303826
Azimuth(°)20520520518020520520520520520515220520520520520520520516520220123223520325019918622120020519720220020020120222120120520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520520519714203205212197209189189187135135135340340360360360360315315360360235235235235235245270270270180180180180180360203205205235176178204178204178180
Dip(°)--55-70-70-85-50-85-70-55-50-50-72-64-75-75-75-65-65-65-55-67-59-68-75-65-71-59-68-81-62-68-76-59-72-70-59-51-70-56-60-59-60-60-60-55-55-55-59-50-50-48-48-70-70-45-75-75-85-85-70-45-85-80-72-77-85-77-86-55-50-75-72-56-50-50-74-45-60-45-45-60-45-60-45-60-45-60-45-45-45-45-60-45-60-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-45-61-50-50-45-46-46-46-46-51-46-50
Length(m)35636034145631138837137135420067130340241141439940240261842677450148978646554955247487080748399084995792490087693939921399399402387390375426396381393456420417381397904414323933784036486206006515738521110771924113689425218035129332624128128121526920629033239839239525028336432321531625118317228819024999210174801804948300300300450354456351183
Company c
222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222223
Source
Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015a)Allan (2015b)Allan (2015b)Allan (2015b)Allan (2015b)Allan (2015b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2016b)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2015c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Allan (2016c)Ire land (1984)
MNDMDrill-Hole ID d309607309608309609309610309611309612309613309614309615309616n en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en e309617309618309619309620309621309622309623309624309625309626309627309628309629309630309631309632309633309634n en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en e125084
Table 2. Diamond-drill hole s in Cochrane and Borde n townships in the vicinity of the Borde n Lake de posit. F or most locations, see F igure s 2 and 3; note , how e ve r, that not all drill hole s liste d in this table are labe lle d on the map or in F igure s 2 or 3. Data from O ntario Ge ologicalS urve y (2017) and othe r source s (see table for de tails).CompanyDrill-Hole ID aB1B2B3B4B5B6BC14-21BL10-01BL10-02BL10-03 *BL10-04 * BL10-05BL10-06BL10-07BL10-08BL11-026 *BL11-027BL11-028 *BL11-029BL11-030 *BL11-031BL11-032 *BL11-033BL11-034 *BL11-035BL11-037BL11-038 *BL11-039BL11-040 *BL11-041 *BL11-042BL11-043 *BL11-044BL11-045BL11-046 *BL11-047 *BL11-048BL11-049BL11-050BL11-051 *BL11-052BL11-053BL11-054BL11-055BL11-056 *BL11-057BL11-058BL11-059BL11-060 *BL11-061BL11-062BL11-063BL11-064BL11-065BL11-066BL11-067 *BL11-068BL11-069BL11-070BL11-071 *BL11-072BL11-073BL11-074BL11-075 *BL11-076 *BL11-077BL11-078BL11-079 *BL11-080 *BL11-081BL11-082 *BL11-083BL11-084BL11-085 *BL11-086 *BL11-087BL11-088 *BL11-089BL11-090BL11-091 *BL11-092BL11-093 *BL11-094 *BL11-095 *BL11-096BL11-097 *BL11-098BL11-099 *BL11-100BL11-101BL11-102 *BL11-103BL11-104BL11-105 *BL11-106 *BL11-107BL11-108 *BL11-109BL11-110 *BL11-111BL11-112BL11-113 *BL11-114 *BL11-115 *BL11-116BL11-117BL11-118 *BL11-119 *BL11-120BL11-121 *BL11-122 *BL11-123BL11-124BL11-125 *BL11-126 *BL11-127BL11-128BL11-129 *BL11-130 *BL11-131
Easting b(m)334582334578334291334285334219334219331253330275330244330244330244330293330317330449330135330365330353330353330460330460330544330544330638330638330720330812330812330904330904330904330992330992330899331030330899331030331004330957330854331004330782330707330674330597330707330511330520330418330520330334330243330700330160330757330094330757329988329883330855330855329786329693330950330950329693330677329515330677329515330597330597330507329558330507329558330403330403329643330267329643329738330267329738330267329839329839329991329991329942329986329942329801330043329801330043330138330138329994330241330241329598329598329598329598329522329699329699329699329892331004329892330806331111329892331111331176330094331176330899331268
Lithocode e
D15cD15aD15aD15aD15aD15aD7/6,8an /an /an /an /an /an /aD7,9D8a,4cn /an /an /an /an /an /an /an /an /aD13an /an /an /an /an /an /an /aD8n /an /an /an /an /an /aD8K[qp,py,po]n /aD8KD7a[grt]n /an /aD14D8D7an /aD7n /an /an /an /an /an /aD7n /an /an /an /an /an /an /an /an /aD3n /an /aD14D14n /aD3n /an /an /an /aD8D8Kn /aD7,8n /an /an /an /an /an /an /aD8n /an /aD8Kn /an /an /an /an /an /an /an /aD8KD8KD8KD8Kn /aD8K[qp]n /an /aD8Kn /an /aD9[po,py,qv],10a,12bD7,8n /an /an /aD8Kn /an /an /a
Northing b(m)
530846453085815308528530867153080785308078530402553037415303682530368353036825303650530369853035355303520530391053037005303700530365353036535303608530360853035595303559530351253034645303464530342153034215303421530339353033935303634530334453036345303344530351853033005303324530351853034075303693530342653034825303693530350553037885303571530378853036355303668530347453037225303481530375853034815303792530380953034405303440530382853039635303378530337853039635303535530405553035355304055530358453035845303624530403353036245304033530366553036655303953530397253039535303899530397253038995303972530387053038705304071530407153038425304072530384253041005303834530410053038345303798530379853039385303755530375553041595304159530415953041595304116530411953041195304119530402053035185304020530321953033705304020530337053033065304116530330653036345303262
Azimuth(°)360360360360852652052002020200200200200200205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205205180205180180205205180180205205180205180205180205205205180205180205205180205180180205180205180180180180180180180180180180180180180180205205180180180180180180180180180205180205205180205205180205205205
Dip(°)-45-45-45-45-45-45-85-60-60-45-45-60-60-45-45-70-50-70-50-70-50-70-50-70-50-50-70-50-70-75-50-70-70-50-55-70-70-50-50-55-50-55-50-50-70-50-55-50-70-50-50-50-50-50-50-70-50-50-50-70-50-50-50-70-70-50-50-70-70-50-70-50-50-70-70-50-70-50-55-70-50-70-70-85-50-70-50-70-50-85-70-50-50-85-70-50-70-60-50-70-55-70-85-85-70-55-70-85-55-85-70-50-50-85-70-50-6570-85-50
Length(m)11199941179914775038128929597134101104364209230206212206218222230107227236251422492482433662673592663652032033231643021731733201752941313111911552211642151672281671522212151492422212572602211652212342292271892632062722002062273172122003291703142122003202302001341913681914371948910725117921539238634396306389431491368371398155407431293353455290382386
Company c
111111222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222
Source
S age (1987)S age (1987)S age (1987)S age (1987)S age (1987)S age (1987)Allan (2015a)P alm e r (2010)P alm e r (2010)P alm e r (2010)P alm e r (2010)P alm e r (2010)P alm e r (2010)P alm e r (2010)P alm e r (2010)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)Allan (2012)
MNDMDrill-Hole ID dn en en en en en en e306565306558306559306560306561306562306563306564309635309502309503309504309505309506309507309508309509309510309511309512309513309514309515309516309517309518309519309520309521309522309523309524309525309526309527309528309529309530309531309532309533309534309535309536309537309538309539309540309541309542309543309544309545309546309547309548309549309550309551309552309553309554309555309556309557309558309559309561309562309563309564309565309566309567309568309569309570309571309572309573309574309575309576309577309578309579309580309581309582309583309584309585309586309587309588309589309590309591309592309593309594309595309596309597309598309599309600309601309602309603309604309605309606
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%
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%
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%
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%
%
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_ 7
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#
#
#
#
!(1
!(4
!(2
!(3
U , N b
Cu
Au, Ag
Au
3
55
222
G13
G13
G1
G1G13
G14
G14
G13
2
2
2
5
5
2
G1
G1
G13G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13G13
G13G13
G13
2
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G1
G13
G13
G1
G1
G15
G15
G15
G1
G13
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1G1
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G1
G13
G13
G14
G14
G14
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G14
G14
G13 G14
G14
G13
G14
G14
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G1
G1
G13
2
33
3
G1 G1G1
G14
G14
G14
G14
G1
G1
G14
G13G13
G13
G13
G13
G13
G13G13
G13
G13
G13
G1
G13
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
4
7
G3e
G3e
G3e
G3e
G3e
5
G13
G13
G16
G13
5
3
D7a
3
G14/17
G14/17
G14/17
G14/17
G14/17
G14/17
G13
G3e
G3e
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G14
G14/17
G14
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
C3a[grt]
5
7
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
3
G14
G14
G14
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
3
3
3
7
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
3
3
3
3
3
G3e /5c
3
3
3
G13
G13
G13
G1
G1
G1G1G14G14
G14
G14
G1
G1
3
G3e /5c
G14/13
D3,7[grt]
3,7
2ad
2d
2d
2b
3a3a
2d
1c
3a
3e a3e
3e
3e
2b 2d
8b
4c
5a
1b
2a
5b
2a,1b2a
5a 5a
5b
5a
5a5a
9a
8a
5b
5b
5b
5b
3a
2d
3a
2d2c
6c
9a
4a
3a
3a,8a
2d
1a1a
5b
5a
3a,5a
5b5a
3a
3a
5a
5c
2b
1b
2d
3a
5b1b
7c
7c
2b
2c
9a
9b
2a
9b
8b
2bB
2bd
3aS3aS
2bB
2bB2bB2bB
2bB
2bB
2bB 2aB
3aE
3e a
2bA
13a
2aA2bA
11a2cB
2bA
12a 12a2bA
12a
12a 12a 5ab5ab
5ab
2bA
2bA2aA
2aA
8ab
2d,13b
2bA2bA
2aA2bA
2bB
2aA
2bA
2bA2aA
2aA
2bA
11b
12b
3ab
2bd
2aA
8aK
3a
14a
12b
2bd2bd2bd
2bB
2bA
2aA2aA
2aA
2bA
5bP
8bP
9bc
9bc
2bB
2bB
2bA2aA
8abP
2bcA
3abc
2,5bdP12ab
12ab
12ab
2aAB
1abc
3a/4a,7a
3e ,8a 8a,3e
7a/5a3a/5a
3abcV
3bcM p
5a,8a
7a/4a
5d,3a
4a/5a
3eP VK
3a,5b
4a/5a
3a,8b
2c,12b
3ab,8c
3ad,6a,8a
3bES M p3bES M p
8ab/4c
3e ,8a[qv]
8a[qv]
3e V,8a
7a[qv]
5a[qv]
8a,14a
4c,12b
10b/8a
5a,13a
12a
5a,12b
5a,12b
1b,13a
3a,11a
5a,12b
4b[qv]
12b,2d
2d,12b
2b,12b
2d,12b
3a,12a
2d,12b
2aA,1b
2d,12b
2d,12b
5a,13b
1b,12a
3e a[qv]
1b,12a
3a,13a
5d,12b
5b[bt]
5a[qv]
8a,13a
1a,12b
3bc,6b
1b,15b
3a,12a
5b,12a 3a,12a
3bc,6b
3bc,6b3b/
5aV
9b[qv]8b,12b
13a
14a
3ab,12b
2cB,12a
2cB,12a
5a,12ab
2aA,12b
11c,12b
11ac,3a
2aA,14a
2bA,11c
1b,12ab
2cB,12a
2cB,12a
2bA,12a
2cB,12a
3a[grt]
2d,12ab
4aK/5aK
3a[grt]
3a[grt]
12b,13a
3a[grt]
2bd,12b
4b/5aP V 3a[grt]
3a[grt]
3a[grt]
2aB,13a
2bB,16a
2aA,17a
3a[grt]
3a[grt]
9b[qp]
2cB,1ab
2aB,13b2aB,13b
9a[grt]
9a[qv]
2aA,17a
2bA,16a
9bc[qv]
5a[qv]
3a[grt]
2bcB,12b
7a[grt]K
5ab,12bK
3a[grt]
7aVK[grt]
2a,1b,12b
5a[py,cp]
3e [qv,py]
4aP V[sul]
3bP V F ,12b
6b,8a/10a
7b/6b,15b
9b,8b/10a
2,5d[e p],12b
5b[e p],13a
7b[grt,qv]
1b,2aB,12a
2a[qv],13a
12b,11a,3a
3abM pP V,6c
12b,2d,13a
3a[grt],8a
1b,12a,13a
3a/1a[grt]
3abV[ab],8c
8bP /4cP,10a
5a[qv],12ab
8b,12b[qv]
3a[grt],13a
3a[grt,cal]
3aP V[qv,ab]
7bP V[di],8a7ab[grt,qv]
7bV,3a[grt]
9bc,10a[qv]
2aB[e p],1c
9a[grt,qv]
2aA,16a,17a
2aA,16a,17a
3aM p[IF ]V,6a
3abcM pV,6a,8a
3bc,6b/7b,12b
3a[grt,cp],7c
8ab[qv,he m ],3a
1b,12b[grt],17a
3aP [cal,di,e p]
7bK[grt],8a,14a
3aP V[tr,e p,cal]
9c,10a[se r,kfs]
3e P V[di,pl,cp,py]
8a,3a[e p,grt,py,cp]
3a,6a,8aGV[ab,slf,cp,mlc]
12a
5b,12b
3a,12b
3a[grt]
5aV[qv]
7aP V[qv,kfs],8a
4aP V[e p,di,carb]
4aP V[ab,qtz,rbk]
9a[grt],10a[qv,kfs]
3a[grt,e p,di,py,cp],8a
C5
C8C3
C8
C3
C3C3
C10
C4a
C3a
C8a
C3aC3a
C2bC2a
C2b
C2a
C3a
C3a
C4cC4c
C4a
C3a
C4c C4cC4c
C2a
C2dC2d
C2a
C2d
C2d
C2d
C2dC2d
C7/4
C7/4
C15c
C15cC15c
C15c
C13a
C13a
C13a
C13a
C13ab
C3a,8a
C3a[py]
C3a[grt]
C3a[grt]
C3a[grt]
C3a[carb]
C4c
G1
C5a
C2cd
C15a
C15ab
C3a
C8a
C15ac
C15bcC15a
C15a
C15ac
C3a[py,cp]
C15cG1G1
35a,12b
2
2
3,7
2
2
2
2
2 3
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
8
5a
2bB
D8
D9
D4aK
D3a
D3aD8a
D8a
D15aD15c
D15a
D15a
D15a
D7/6
D3,14a
D9,10
D3a,8aD8a/10
D3a,8aD3a,8a
D3a,8a
D3bc,7a
D7/6,8a
D8a/10a
D8a/10a
D8aK,10
D8a,10a
D8a[qcv]
D8a[qcv]
D8aK,17a
D17a[he m ]
D7a/6a,8a
D6/7,8,10
D3[grt],6b
D3a[grt],6b
D3a[grt],6/8
D8a/10aD7
D8
D8D8
D3D3
D7
D7
D8
D8D7,9
D3e a D3aD3a
D3a
D8KD8K D8KD8K
D14
D7aD14
D8KD7,8
D7,8
D7,8
D13a
D8a,4c
D8K[qp]
D6a[grt]
D7a[grt]
D3ad,10aK
D7K[qv,po],8D8K[qp,py,po]
D6ab/7a[grt],10a
D3aP VK[grt,qp,qv]
D3a[grt],4c,7a[grt]
D9[po,py,qv],10a,12b
D3abc,6a,8a
D3a,8a
2
3
2
25
5
4
3
3,7
3,7
3
3 3
3
3G3e /5c
3
3
3 3
G5
5
5
G3e /5c
2
2
G13
G13
2
3
35
5
53
3,7
9
3
3
3
5
G1
G1
G1
2
2
2
2
G1
G1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
G13
G13
2
3,7
3,7
3537
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
G1
G1
2
2
2
2
G14/17G1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
G13
2
22
2
G5
2
2
3
G12
2
3
3
3
G3e /5c
7 78
2
7
9
3
3
3
3
5a
G13
G14
G14
3a[grt]
G13
C3a
G3e /5c
G3e /5c
2
2
2
22
G13
G13
11
98
9
883
3 G14
5
2
11
2
2
2
G13 10 3
7
G14
G14
3
3 3
3
9
3
G3e /5c 3
3
3
3
G13
2
2
2
2
22
2
2
3
B4
B3
B2
B1
B5 B6
12
2
2
22
3
12
BOR DENTOWNSHIP
COCHR ANETOWNSHIP
ChapleauLake
SinclairLake
HendersonLake
ServissLake
WestoverLake
LeBlancLake
JacksonLake
MateLakes
MateLakesSalters
Lake
Borden Lake
EmeraldLake
StevensonLake
WuskwiLake
WaweyaLake
BordenLake
101
101
101
Chaple au 75
101
101
9: 1882.0
7: 2633
5: 26646: 2667
3: 2677
4: 2679.8
1: 2628-2616
11a: 266011b: 2637
8a: 2693.18b: 2689.78c: 2678.18d: 2699.52a: 2706.9
2b: 2689.62c: 2730.92d: 2689.8
10a: 2758-269410b: 267810c: 2664
2
7 7
5
7
5
5
5
8
5
16
6
81
75
13 25
8048
60
60
78
8262
34
67
6932
76 7279
79
6672
66
6782
1160
51
75
67
68
5388 4889
65
678586
3975
4380
75
7718
3139
4977 5067
72
80
69
88
34 86
30
22 88
8523
46
6687
75
852280
88
1075
64
78
60
6078
42
6373
60
54
75
64 6280
75
8545
40
65
5577
75 15
15
17
6065
6453
66
75
60
8863
10
65
55
608031
47
88
76
1085
62
75
5057
84
84
74
12
3032
88
781887
89
40
85
54
85 42
65
3050
7850
78
8475
85
7470
157965
7569
66
70
81
87
71
82
68
18
8680
88
70
3567 35
258577
7084
62
2027
25 75
1717
27
75
78
67
77
65
2722
855133
2278
7189
7823
61
3237
70
3768
66
4377
42
35
2424
52
68
3449
5766
7573
8270
67
3770
623572 45
5812
58
54
82
8366
51
3575
35
80
75
78
358882
40803577
304985
49
81
6869
2525
34
22
804080
70
70
8978
74
688771
74
1414
55
60
52
32
75
70
85
71 86
85
8015
80
80
1885
57
44
66
79
7279
34 14
69
84
85
72
4875
197570
70
75
6973
82
62
4321
14
2127
7716
18
42
85
85
83
8065
65
60
8062
4568
42
2048
52186083
40
18
1010
22 402515
746915
7476
2354
83
16
1129
2142
1433
6286
25 7583
15
32
2552
2272
22
2238
17303035
1565
731078
60
64
7676
40
67
6056
77
57
25
30
40
76
73
60
41
41
40
40
39
39
38
38
37
37
36
36
35
35
34
34
33
33
32
32
31
31
30
30
29
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
25
25
24
24
10
10
09
09
08
08
07
07
06
06
05
05
04
04
03
03
342000 m
342000 m
323000 m
323000 m
5311000 m
5311000 m
02
5302000 m
5301000 m
22′ 21′ 20′ 19′ 18′ 17′ 16′ 15′ 14′ 13′ 12′ 11′ 10′ 09′ 08′ 07′83°22′35″ 83°06′37″
83°06′35″83°22′33″ 07′17′ 12′16′ 09′20′22′ 18′ 11′14′ 13′21′ 10′ 08′
53′ 53′
52′ 52′
51′ 51′
54′ 54′
55′ 55′
56′ 56′
47°50′24″
46°56′07″ 47°56′06″
47°50′26″
15′19′
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 3
SOUR CES OF INFOR MATIONDigital base map information de rive d from the O ntario Land InformationW are house , Land Information O ntario, O ntario M inistry of N atural R e source s,scale 1:20 000, with modifications by staff of the M inistry of Ene rgy, N orthe rnDe ve lopm e nt and M ine s.M apping conducte d using U T M co-ordinate s in N orth Am e rican Datum 1983(N AD83), Zone 17.Compile d ge ology, ge ochronology and ge ophysical inte rpre tation de rive d from:Allan, S . 2012. Asse ssm e nt re port on diamond drilling, Borde n Lake proje ctCochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14, pre pare d forP robe M ine s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14,asse ssm e nt file AF R I# 20000007413, 447p.Allan, S . 2013. Asse ssm e nt re port on 2012 diamond drilling, Borde n Lakeproje ct, Cochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14, pre pare dfor P robe M ine s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14,asse ssm e nt file AF R O # 2.54572, 646p.Allan, S . 2015a. Asse ssm e nt re port on 2014 and 2015 diamond drilling, Borde nLake proje ct, Cochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14,pre pare d for P robe M ine s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office ,N T S 41 O /14, asse ssm e nt file AF R O # 2.55910, 1273p.Allan, S . 2015b. Asse ssm e nt re port on 2015 ice drilling, Borde n Lake proje ct,Borde n T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14, pre pare d for P robeM ine s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14, asse ssm e nt fileAF R O # 2.56202, 41p.Allan, S . 2015c. Asse ssm e nt re port on assays from 2011 and 2012 drilling,Borde n Lake proje ct, Cochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario,N T S 41 O /14, pre pare d for P robe M ine s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’soffice , N T S 41 O /14, asse ssm e nt file AF R O # 2.56436, 1013p.Allan, S . 2016a. Asse ssm e nt re port on 2012 diamond drilling, Borde n Lakeproje ct, Cochrane and Borde n townships, P orcupine District, O ntario,N T S 41 O /14, pre pare d for P robe M ine s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’soffice , N T S 41 O /14, asse ssm e nt file AF R O # 2.57422, 2724p.Allan, S . 2016b. Asse ssm e nt re port on 2015 and 2016 diamond drilling, Borde nLake proje ct, Cochrane and Borde n townships, P orcupine District, O ntario,N T S 41 O /14, pre pare d for P robe M ine s Ltd (Goldcorp Borde n).; T imminsR e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14, asse ssm e nt file AF R O # 2.57385,1906p.Allan, S . 2016c. Asse ssm e nt re port on 2016 diamond drilling, Borde n Lakeproje ct, Cochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14,pre pare d for P robe M ine s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office ,N T S 41 O /14, asse ssm e nt file AF R O # 2.57266, 437p.Be ll, K., Ble nkinsop, J., Kwon, S .T ., T ilton, G.R . and S age , R .P. 1987. Age andradioge nic isotopic syste matics of the Borde n carbonatite comple x, O ntario,Canada; Canadian Journal of Earth S cie nce s, v.24, p.24-30.Davis, D.W ., M énard, J. and S utcliffe , C.N . 2018. U -P b ge ochronology ofsample s from northe rn O ntario. P art B: LA-ICP M S ; inte rnal re port for the O ntarioGe ological S urve y, Jack S atte rly Ge ochronology Laboratory, U nive rsity ofT oronto, T oronto, O ntario, 94p.Davis, D.W . and S utcliffe , C.N . 2017. P art B: U -P b Ge ochronology by LA-ICP M Sin sample s from northe rn O ntario. Inte rnal re port for the O ntario Ge ologicalS urve y; Jack S atte rly Ge ochronology Laboratory, U nive rsity of T oronto, T oronto,O ntario, 131p.Dugue t, M . and S zumylo, N . 2016. Arche an and P rote rozoic ge ology of theBorde n Lake are a, Kapuskasing S tructural Zone , Abitibi–W awa te rrane ; inS ummary of F ie ld W ork and O the r Activitie s, 2016, O ntario Ge ological S urve y,O pe n F ile R e port 6323, p.4-1 to 4-20.Dzick, W .A. 2014. P robe M ine s Limite d: M ine ral re source e stimate update ,Borde n gold proje ct, proje ct no. V1393, pre pare d for P robe M ine s Limite d byS nowde n M ining Industry Consultants Inc.; N I 43-101 T e chnical R e port, file dJuly 25, 2014 with S EDAR ®, see S EDAR Hom e P age , 179p.Halls, H.C., Davis, D.W ., S tott, G.M ., Ernst, R .E. and Hamilton, M .A. 2008. T heP ale oprote rozoic M arathon large igne ous province : N e w e vide nce for a 2.1 Galong-live d mantle plum e e ve nt along the southe rn margin of the N orth Am e ricanS upe rior P rovince ; P re cambrian R e se arch, v.162, p.327–353.Harpe r, H.G. 1982. Asse ssm e nt re port ge ological, prospe cting and ge ophysicalsurve ys, Cochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14S W ,pre pare d by Harpe r Consulting S e rvice s Inc. for Kapuskasing R e source s Ltd.;T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14S W , asse ssm e nt fileAF R I# 41O 14S W 0005, 32p.Ire land, J.C. 1984. Asse ssm e nt re port on diamond drilling, Cochrane T ownship,P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14S W , pre pare d for N oranda ExplorationCompany Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14S W ,asse ssm e nt file AF R I# 41O 14S W 0004, 22p.Kamo, S .L. and Hamilton, M .A. 2017. P art A: R e port on U -P b ID-T IM Sge ochronology for the O ntario Ge ological S urve y: Be drock M apping P roje cts,O ntario. Ye ar 2: 2016-2017. Inte rnal re port for the O ntario Ge ological S urve y;Jack S atte rly Ge ochronology Laboratory, U nive rsity of T oronto, T oronto, O ntario,72p.Krogh, T.E. 1993. High pre cision U -P b age s for granulite m e tamorphism andde formation in the Arche an Kapuskasing structural zone , O ntario: Implicationsfor structure and de ve lopm e nt of the low e r crust; Earth and P lane tary S cie nceLe tte rs, v.119, p.1-18.Krogh, T.E., Corfu, F., Davis, D.W ., Dunning, G.R ., He aman, L.M ., Kamo,S .L., M achado, N ., Gre e nough, J.D. and N akamura, E. 1987. P re cise U -P bisotopic age s of diabase dyke s and mafic to ultramafic rocks using traceamounts of badde le yite and zircon; in M afic dyke swarms, Ge ologicalAssociation of Canada, S pe cial P ape r 34, p.147-152.M ose r, D.E. 1993. A ge ological, structural and ge ochronological study of theCe ntral W awa gne iss domain: Implications for the de ve lopm e nt of diffe re ntcrustal le ve ls of the Arche an Abitibi–W awa oroge ny of the southe rn S upe riorP rovince , Canadian S hie ld; unpublishe d P hD the sis, Que e n’s U nive rsity,Kingston, O ntario, Canada, 182p.M ose r, D.E. 1994. T he ge ology and structure of the mid-crustal W awa gne issdomain: A ke y to unde rstanding te ctonic variation with de pth and tim e in theLate Arche an Abitibi–W awa oroge ny; Canadian Journal of Earth S cie nce s, v.31,p.1064-1080.M ose r, D.E., Bowman, J.R ., W oode n, J.L., Valle y, J.W ., M azdab, F.K. andKita, N .T. 2008. Cre ation of a contine nt re corde d in zircon zoning; Ge ology,v.36, p.239-242.M urahwi, C., Gowans, R . and S an M artin, A.J. 2012. T e chnical re port on theupdate d mine ral re source e stimate for the Borde n Lake gold de posit, Borde nLake prope rty, northe rn O ntario, Canada, pre pare d for P robe M ine s Limite d byM icon Inte rnational Ltd.; N I 43-101 T e chnical R e port, file d M ay 17, 2012 withS EDAR ®, see S EDAR Hom e P age , 188p.O ntario Ge ological S urve y 2002a. O ntario airborne ge ophysical surve ys,magne tic data, grid data, Ge osoft® format, Kapuskasing–Chaple au are a;O ntario Ge ological S urve y, Ge ophysical Data S e t 1040b—R e vise d.O ntario Ge ological S urve y 2002b. O ntario airborne ge ophysical surve ys,magne tic data, profile data, Ge osoft® format, Kapuskasing–Chaple au are a;O ntario Ge ological S urve y, Ge ophysical Data S e t 1040d—R e vise d.O ntario Ge ological S urve y 2015. M ine ral De posit Inve ntory; O ntario Ge ologicalS urve y, M ine ral De posit Inve ntory (M ay 2015 update ), online database .O ntario Ge ological S urve y 2017. O ntario drill hole database ; O ntario Ge ologicalS urve y, O ntario Drill Hole Database (De ce m be r 2017 update ), online database .P alm e r, D. 2010. Asse ssm e nt re port on diamond drilling, Borde n Lake proje ct,Cochrane T ownship, P orcupine District, O ntario, N T S 41 O /14, pre pare d forP robe M ine s Ltd.; T immins R e side nt Ge ologist’s office , N T S 41 O /14,asse ssm e nt file AF R I# 20000005766, 31p.P e rcival, J.A. 1981. Ge ological e volution of part of the ce ntral S upe rior P rovincebase d on re lationships among the Abitibi and W awa subprovince s and theKapuskasing S tructural Zone ; unpublishe d P hD the sis, Que e n’s U nive rsity,Kingston, O ntario, Canada, 300p.P e rcival, J.A. and Krogh, T.E. 1983. U –P b zircon ge ochronology of theKapuskasing S tructural Zone and vicinity in the Chaple au–F ole ye t are a, O ntario;Canadian Journal of Earth S cie nce s, v.20, p.830-843.P e rcival, J.A., Love ridge , W .D. and S ullivan, R .W . 1981. U -P b zircon age s ofm e taconglom e rate cobble s and quartz monzonite from the KapuskasingS tructural Zone in the Chaple au are a, O ntario; in Curre nt R e se arch, P art C;Ge ological S urve y of Canada, P ape r 88-1C, p.107-113.P e rcival, J.A. and W e st, G.F . 1994. T he Kapuskasing uplift: A ge ological andge ophysical synthe sis; Canadian Journal of Earth S cie nce s, v.31, p.1256-1286.Que e n, M ., He aman, L.M ., Hane s, J.A., Archibald, D.A. and F arrar, E. 1996.40Ar/39Ar phlogopite and U –P b pe rovskite dating of lamprophyre dyke s fromthe e aste rn Lake S upe rior re gion: Evide nce for a 1.14 Ga magmatic pre cursorto M idcontine nt R ift volcanism; Canadian Journal of Earth S cie nce s, v.33,p.958-965.R ukhlov, A.S . and Be ll, K. 2010. Ge ochronology of carbonatite s from theCanadian and Baltic shie lds, and the Canadian Cordille ra: Clue s to mantlee volution; M ine ralogy and P e trology, v.98, p.11-54.S age , R .P. 1987. Ge ology of carbonatite –alkalic rock comple xe s in O ntario:Borde n T ownship Carbonatite Comple x, District of S udbury; O ntario Ge ologicalS urve y, S tudy 33, 62p.S awye r, E.W . 2008. Atlas of migmatite s; N R C R e se arch P re ss and M ine ralogicalAssociation of Canada, T he Canadian M ine ralogist, S pe cial P ublication 9, 371p.T hurston, P.C., S iragusa, G.M . and S age , R .P. 1977a. Ge ology of the Chaple auare a, districts of Algoma, S udbury and Cochrane ; O ntario Ge ological S urve y,M ap 2352, scale 1:250 000.T hurston, P.C., S iragusa, G.M . and S age , R .P. 1977b. Ge ology of the Chaple auare a, districts of Algoma, S udbury and Cochrane ; O ntario Ge ological S urve y,R e port 157, 347p.W illiams, H.R ., S tott, G.M ., T hurston, P.C., S utcliffe , R .H., Be nne tt, G.,Easton, R .M . and Armstrong, D.K. 1992. T e ctonic e volution of O ntario: S ummaryand synthe sis; in Ge ology of O ntario, O ntario Ge ological S urve y, S pe cialVolum e 4, P art 2, p.1255-1332.Ge ology is not tie d to surve y line s.M agne tic de clination, for ce ntre of map are a, is approximate ly 12°56′ W in 2018.M e tric conve rsion factor 1 foot = 0.3048 m.
CR EDITSGe ological mapping and compilation by M . Dugue t and N . S zumylo, andassistants during the summ e r 2016.P re paration of ge ophysical image ry by D.R .B. R ainsford.Digital drafting by M . Dugue t and S . Eve rs.Cartographic production by J. R ickards.Editing by M .G. Easton.
Corre sponding and additional digital data re late d to the informationportraye d on the map are available from the following O ntario Ge ologicalS urve y publication.Dugue t, M . 2018. Ge ological, ge oche mical, ge ophysical and pe trographic data re late d to the Cochrane and Borde n townships are a, Kapuskasing S tructural Zone , W awa–Abitibi te rrane ; O ntario Ge ological S urve y, M isce llane ous R e le ase —Data 365.
Eve ry possible e ffort has be e n made to e nsure the accuracy of theinformation pre se nte d on this map; how e ve r, the O ntario M inistry ofEne rgy, N orthe rn De ve lopm e nt and M ine s doe s not assum e liabilityfor e rrors that may occur. U se rs should ve rify critical information.Issue d 2018.Information from this publication may be quote d if cre dit is give n. It isre comm e nde d that re fe re nce to this map be made in the following form.Dugue t, M . and S zumylo, N . 2018. P re cambrian ge ology of Cochrane and Borde n townships, Kapuskasing S tructural Zone , W awa–Abitibi te rrane ; O ntario Ge ological S urve y, P re liminary M ap P.3821, scale 1:20 000.
U se rs of O GS products are e ncourage d to contact those Aboriginalcommunitie s whose traditional te rritorie s may be locate d in themine ral e xploration are a to discuss the ir proje ct.
FEATUR ES[carb][IF ][qcv][qp][qv][slf]
...........................................carbonatization.................................................iron formation.................................quartz carbonate ve ins......................................................quartz pod.....................................................quartz ve in.......................................massive silicification
Figure 1. M ap showing the calculate d se cond ve rtical de rivative of the re sidual magne tic fie ld for Cochrane and Borde n townships (scale 1:50 000). Data from O ntario Ge ological S urve y (2002a, 2002b). M ain structural fe ature s in the map are a are shown by black line s.
© Q ue e n's P rinte r for O ntario, 2018.T his map is publishe d with the pe rmission of the Dire ctor, O ntario Ge ological S urve y.
Location M ap 1 cm e quals 15 km
LINCOLNLIPSETT LEMOINE
HILL
QUILL
BIRD
PAUL
PAWIS
LANG
NEILLBURR
BLISS
MOEN
COPPERFIELD
EMIRY
BIGGS
KALEN
PANET
EAKET
ABBEY
NIMITZ
EVANS
LYNCH
BIRCH
CARTY
ROLLO
WAWIA
BADER
RANEY
SANDY
HOEY
MARSH
ECHUM
STROM
GAMEY
TOPHAM
D'ARCY
TOOMS
CULL
MCGEE
TRIQUET
DUPUIS
MOGGYFAU
GENIER
RACINE
WASWA HALSEY
KELSEY
KAPLAN
WAKAMI
RZELA HADLEY KOSNY
BLAMEY
SADLER
DENYES
REANEY
SWAYZE
PETERS
BRUTUS
SHIPLEY
DAOUSTDALMAS
DOLSONALCORN
CLIFTON
CHAPLIN
ORBOY
BORDEN
COLLINS
WARREN
HALLETT
BERNIER
MAGEAU
ADDISON
HELLYER
RECOLLET
BECKETT
DELANEY
JEFFRIES
HANO
MANNING
LACKNER
HORNELLLAFORME
WINDEGO
BRUYERE
RAMSDENDELMAGE
CHEWETT
BEHMANN
PINOGAMI
SAMPSON
GREEN
CHAPPISECREPIEUL
HALCROW
GILLILAND
BOUNSALL
MURDOCK
LANGLOIS
NADJIWON
NEELANDS
CAOUETTE
BUCKLAND
MARSHALL
BEILHARTZ
SAUNDERS
VONDETTE
COPENACE
DE GAULLE
PATTINSON
COLLISHAW
HUTCHEON
ENGSTROM
HANCOCK
CROCKETT
GREENLAW
COCHRANE
MCNAUGHT
FLORANNA
MCAUGHEY
WHITEHEADHAMMOND
BULLBROOKPATENAUDE
SINGAPORE
GALLAGHERCHAPLEAU
BORDELEAUBLACKBURN
SYMINGTON
COSENS
MCPARLAND
SHAWKENCE
D'AVAUGOURDRUILLETTES
BRAITHWAITE
EISENHOWER
STRATHEARN
CUNNINGHAM
FITZSIMMONS
MISKOKOMON
CAVERLEY
EAUPARLANT
MOUNTBATTEN
EESICKQUAYASH
I.R. 74A
I.R. 75I.R. 61I.R. 74CHAPLEAUI.R. 61AChaple au
101
101
129
83°84°
48°Th e Sh oalsProv incial Park
We nebe g on R iv e rProv incial Park
Ch apleau-Ne m e g ose ndaR iv e r Provincial Park
Ontario Ge ological Surv e yMAP P.3821
PR ECAMBR IAN GEOLOGYCOCHR ANE AND BOR DEN
TOWNSHIPS,KAPUSKASING
STR UCTUR AL ZONEWAWA–ABITIBI TER R ANE
Scale 1:20 000500 m 0 0.5 1 km
N T S R e fe re nce : 41 O /14
a T his sym b ols list is com m on to the m a p a n d Figures 2 a n d 3; however, n ot a ll sym b ols a ppea r on ea ch.
b T he orien ta tion of the lin e reflects the a zim uth of drillin g (a s listed in T a b le 2). T he len gth of the lin e reflects the len gth of the drill hole projected on the surfa ce, tha t is, a lon ger lin e in dica tes a lon ger hole.
Au#
!(1
:_
7_
5 %
Q
3: 2677
O utcrop (obse rve d)
Are a of outcrop (compile d)
Ge ological contact(inte rpre te d)Ge ological contact;unconformity (inte rpre te d)Ge ological contact;unconformity, ove rturne d(inte rpre te d)Ge ological contact; base d oninte rpre tation of ge ophysicaldataR e gional fracture (inte rpre te d)
T hrust fault; unknownhorizontal compone nt, firste ve nt inte rpre te d,ornam e ntation on uppe r plate )T hrust fault; unknownhorizontal compone nt, firste ve nt, ove rturne d (inte rpre te d,ornam e ntation on uppe r plate )F ault; de xtral horizontalcompone nt, re ve rse d dip-compone nt, se cond e ve nt(inte rpre te d, incline d)F old; synform, se condge ne ration (tre nd only, limbsdip in opposite dire ction,inte rpre te d)F old; antiform, se condge ne ration (tre nd only, limbsdip in opposite dire ction,inte rpre te d)Be dding; se dim e ntary(incline d)Be dding; volcanic, pillow (noyounging)Ge ne ral cle avage ; unknownge ne ration (incline d)F oliation; unknown ge ne ration(tre nd only, magnitude of dipunknown, incline d, ve rtical)
F oliation; unknown ge ne ration(horizontal)F oliation; de fine d by mine rals,first ge ne ration (tre nd only,incline d)F oliation; de fine d by mine rals,se cond ge ne ration (magnitudeof dip unknown, incline d)M ine ral line ation; unknownge ne rationElongation line ation (stre tch);unknown ge ne rationElongation line ation (stre tch);se cond ge ne rationCre nulation line ation;M -asymm e try, unknownge ne rationCre nulation line ation;S -asymm e try, unknownge ne rationF old axis line ation;undiffe re ntiate d asymm e try,unknown ge ne rationF old axis line ation;N -asymm e try (antiformal),first ge ne rationF old axis line ation;M -asymm e try, unknownge ne rationF old axis line ation;S -asymm e try, unknownge ne ration
!
!
!
SYMBOLSa
CO -84-1
% 44
10
10
10
1010
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1010
1010
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
F old axis line ation;Z-asymm e try, unknownge ne rationAxial plane s of fold;undiffe re ntiate d asymm e try(tre nd only, incline d)Axial plane s of fold;N -asymm e try (antiformal),unknown ge ne ration (incline d)Axial plane s of fold;M -asymm e try, unknownge ne ration (tre nd only, incline d)Axial plane s of fold;S -asymm e try, unknownge ne ration (incline d, ve rtical)Axial plane s of fold;Z-asymm e try, unknownge ne ration (tre nd only, incline d)F ault; brittle , unknownge ne ration (incline d)F ault; de xtral displace m e nt,unknown ge ne ration (incline d)F ault; sinistral displace m e nt,unknown ge ne ration (tre ndonly)Ductile she ar; unknowndisplace m e nt, unknownge ne ration (tre nd only, incline d,ve rtical)Ductile she ar; unknowndisplace m e nt, normal,unknown ge ne ration (incline d)Ductile she ar; unknowndisplace m e nt, re ve rse ,unknown ge ne ration (incline d)Ductile she ar; sinistraldisplace m e nt, unknownge ne ration (tre nd only, incline d)Ductile she ar; de xtraldisplace m e nt, unknownge ne ration (magnitude of dipunknown, incline d)Ductile she ar; de xtraldisplace m e nt, se condge ne ration (incline d)Igne ous contact; unsubdivide d(tre nd only, incline d)Igne ous contact; dike s (tre ndonly, incline d, ve rtical)Igne ous contact; sills (incline d)
Igne ous foliation; unknownge ne ration (tre nd only, incline d)Igne ous laye ring; unknownge ne ration (tre nd only, incline d)Ve in; she ar type ,first ge ne ration (incline d)M ine ral occurre nce , withcommodityM ine ral occurre nce (numbe rcorre sponds with “O ccurre nce s”list)Location of ge ochronologysample for isotopic agede te rmination (age in M a)(numbe r corre sponds withT able 1)Location of drill-hole collar,with orie ntationb of the drillhole in plan vie w (labe lcorre sponds with T able 2)Administrative boundary(township, re se rve )R oad (primary, se condary,trail)
10
10
)h 0
10
10
10
10
10
4
LEGENDabcd efghi PHANER OZOIC CENOZOIC QUATER NAR Y R ECENT Lake , stre am and w e tland de posits
PLEISTOCENE Glacial, glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine de posits: sand, grave l, clay and till
U NCONFORMIT Y
PR ECAMBR IAN PR OTER OZOIC MESOPR OTER OZOIC Mafic Intrusive Rocks (Abitibi dike swarm) (1141 Ma)
17a Lamprophyre , northe ast-tre nding dike s INT RU SIV E CONTACT
Mafic Intrusive Rocks (Sudbury dike swarm) (1238 Ma) 16a O livine gabbro, northw e st-tre nding dike s
INT RU SIV E CONTACT
PALEOPR OTER OZOIC Borden Lake Carbonatite Complex (1882 Ma)
15a Carbonatite (sövite and silico-carbonatite ) 15b Lamprophyre 15c F e nite
INT RU SIV E CONTACT Mafic Intrusive Rocks (Marathon (Kapuskasing) dike
swarm) (2121 Ma) j 14a Gabbro, fine graine d, sub-ophitic to dole ritic te xture ,
m e lanocratic, northe ast- to e ast-tre nding dike s INT RU SIV E CONTACT
Mafic Intrusive Rocks (Matachewan dike swarm) (2460 Ma) 13a Gabbro, fine graine d, plagioclase phyric, sub-ophitic to dole ritic te xture , m e lanocratic, north-tre nding dike s
13b Gabbro, fine graine d, sub-ophitic to dole ritic te xture , m e lanocratic, north-tre nding dike s
INT RU SIV E CONTACT
AR CHEAN Borden Lake Greenstone Belt (Supracrustal Rocks)
Felsic Intrusive Rocks (2640 Ma) 12a M onzogranite , e quigranular, m e dium graine d, pink, locally laye re d
12b M onzogranite , coarse graine d to pe gmatitic, pink to white , e mplace d as dike s e ithe r within the Kapuskasing S tructural Zone or the Borde n Lake gre e nstone be lt
Modifier rela ted to a ltera tion 12K P otassic alte ration (ve ins, fracture s, alte ration halos)
Alkalic Mafic to Felsic Intrusive Rocks (unknown age) 11a M onzonite to monzodiorite , e quigranular, m e dium graine d, pink, locally flow bande d
11b M onzodiorite , e quigranular, m e dium graine d, m e socratic, w e ll foliate d
11c M afic to ultramafic intrusive rock, m e dium graine d, pink, biotite rich, w e ll foliate d
Intermediate to Felsic Intrusive Rocks (2660 to 2640 Ma) 10a P orphyry, granodioritic to dioritic, e quigranular,
m e dium graine d, massive to w e akly foliate d, m e dium gre y w e athe ring
10b P orphyry, granodioritic to dioritic, e quigranular, m e dium graine d, w e ll foliate d, m e dium gre y w e athe ring
Modifier rela ted to a ltera tion 10K P otassic alte ration (ve ins, fracture s, alte ration halos)
Clastic Metasedimentary Rocks (Timiskaming-type; 2667 to 2665 Ma) 9a M e taconglom e rate , polymictic, clast supporte d, calc-silicate to pe litic matrix, strongly foliate d
9b M e taconglom e rate , polymictic, clast supporte d, silty to sandy matrix, strongly foliate d
9c M e tasandstone , locally conglom e ratic, fine to m e dium graine d, w e ll sorte d, inte rlaye re d with units 9a and 9b
Felsic Intrusive Rocks (2680 Ma) 8a F e ldspar porphyry, tonalitic to granodioritic, locally
plagioclase phyric, m e dium graine d, massive to w e akly foliate d, white w e athe ring
8b F e ldspar porphyry, tonalitic to granodioritic, plagioclase phyric, m e dium graine d, strongly foliate d to mylonitic, white w e athe ring
8c Granite , massive to w e akly foliate d, white to be ige Modifiers rela ted to post-m eta m orphic m eta m orphosed a ltera tion 8G Hydrothe rmal bre ccia associate d with silicification, carbonatization and coppe r mine ralization
8K P otassic alte ration (ve ins, fracture s, alte ration halos) 8P Calc-silicate pods re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
8V Calc-silicate ve ins re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
Clastic Metasedimentary Rocks (possible Porcupine- type equivalent; 2685 Ma)
7a M e tagre ywacke , fine to m e dium graine d, light to m e dium brown to rusty w e athe ring, w e ll sorte d, fine ly be dde d
7b U nit 7a, fine graine d, mylonitic 7c M e tagre ywacke , m e tate xitic (patchy), garne t-be aring
ne osom e , w e ll laye re d Modifiers rela ted to post-m eta m orphic m eta m orphosed a ltera tion 7K P otassic alte ration (ve ins, fracture s, alte ration halos) 7P Calc-silicate pods re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
7V Calc-silicate ve ins re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
Felsic Gneiss (2690 Ma) 6a P orphyry, quartz phyric, fine to m e dium graine d, white w e athe ring, mylonitic
6b P orphyry, fine graine d, gre y w e athe ring, mylonitic, locally garne t be aring
6c P orphyry, ve ry fine graine d, pink to be ige w e athe ring, mylonitic
Mafic Gneiss, Derived from Mafic Intrusive Rocks 5a M afic to inte rm e diate gne iss, fine to m e dium graine d, m e socratic, strongly foliate d to mylonitic
5b M afic to inte rm e diate gne iss, m e dium graine d, m e socratic, laye re d to massive
5c Anorthositic gabbro, m e dium graine d, plagioclase phyric, magne tite be aring, m e socratic, strongly foliate d
5d U nits 5a and 5b, locally m e tate xitic (patchy) Modifiers rela ted to post-m eta m orphic m eta m orphosed a ltera tion 5K P otassic alte ration (ve ins, fracture s, alte ration halos) 5P Calc-silicate pods re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
5V Calc-silicate ve ins (e ithe r concordant or discordant to main foliation) re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
Intermediate to Felsic Gneiss, Derived from Calc-alkalic Intermediate Volcanic and Volcaniclastic Rocks 4a Inte rm e diate gne iss, fine graine d, me dium gre y, w e ll foliate d
4b Inte rm e diate gne iss, fine graine d, me dium gre y, compositionally laye re d (calc-silicate laye rs ve rsus inte rm e diate gne iss), strongly foliate d
4c F e lsic gne iss, mylonitic Modifiers rela ted to post-m eta m orphic m eta m orphosed a ltera tion 4K P otassic alte ration (ve ins, fracture s, alte ration halos) 4P Calc-silicate pods re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
4V Calc-silicate ve ins (e ithe r concordant or discordant to main foliation) re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
17
15
11
10
9
12
8
7
6
5
16
14
13
OCCUR R ENCES aNumber b123 4
Name and MDI NumberM DI41O 14S W 00008M DI41O 14S W 00007Borde n Lake gold de posit M DI000000000908Borde n Lake carbonatite comple x M DI41O 14N E00005
Commodity cCu, (Au)Au, (Cu, N i)Au, Ag
U , N b, (phosphate , ve rmiculite )
Best Historical Value0.37% Cu, 0.015 oz/t Au426 ppb Au, 0.02% Cu, 0.03% N i5.39 g/t Au
U p to 0.403 lb/ton of U 3O 8, up to 598 ppm of N b2O 5, up to 9% P 2O 5
Host RockM afic m e tavolcanic rocksM afic m e tavolcanic rocksF e lsic gne iss
Carbonatite
a Ma in m in era l occurren ces in Cochra n e a n d Borden town ships sum m a rized from Min era l Deposit In ven tory (On ta rio Geologica l Survey 2015). b “Num b er” correspon ds to the m in era l occurren ce loca tion shown on the m a p. c Com m odities in pa ren theses a re m in or com m odities.
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BN12-00027
BN12-00020
BN12-00028BN12-00030
BN12-00034
BN12-00036
BN12-00033
BN12-00031
BN12-00038BN12-00039
BN16-00043BN16-00041
BL16-01004
BL16-01005
BL16-01002
BN16-00049
BN16-00048
BN16-00051
BN16-00052
BN16-00046BN16-00050
BN16-00047
BN16-00045
CO-84-1
BN11-018BN11-017
BN11-016
BN11-014
BN11-013
BN11-012BN11-011BN11-010BN11-009BN11-008BN11-007
BN11-006
BN11-005BN11-003
BN11-002BN11-001
BL11-035
BN11-015
BN11-004
5
3
3
3
3
3
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3
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28
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330000 m
327000 m
327000 m
5306000 m5306000 m
5304000 m5304000 m
Figure 2. Inse t map, at 1:15 000 scale , showing the drill hole s in the vicinity of the Borde n Lake de posit. T he drill hole s labe lle d with the company drill-hole numbe rs are those for which the ge ology at the collar is indicate d on the main map. F orge ne ral information about e ach drill hole , see T able 2; note , how e ve r, that not all drill hole s liste d in T able 2 are labe lle d in F igure s 2 or 3. De tails on drill hole s can be found in Allan (2012, 2013, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c),Harpe r (1982) and Ire land (1984).
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BL16-00992
BL16-00989
BL15-00979
BL15-00973
BL15-00965
BL15-00950 BL15-00937
BL15-00933
BL15-00913
BL16-01000
BL15-718BL15-714
BL15-707BL14-705BL14-703BL14-702
BL14-701
BL15-00957
BL15-00939
BL10-01
BL10-08 BL10-07
BL10-06BL10-05
BL11-Me t
BL11-140
BL11-139
BL11-037 BL11-136
BL11-132
BL11-128
BL11-127
BL11-123
BL11-120
BL11-116 BL11-109
BL11-104
BL11-092
BL11-089
BL11-074BL11-072
BL11-066
BL11-057
BL11-054
BL10-02
BL11-131BL11-124
BL11-117BL11-112BL11-111
BL11-107
BL11-103
BL11-101
BL11-100
BL11-098
BL11-096
BL11-090BL11-087
BL11-084
BL11-083
BL11-081
BL11-078
BL11-077
BL11-073BL11-070
BL11-069BL11-068
BL11-065
BL11-064
BL11-063
BL11-062
BL11-061
BL11-059
BL11-058
BL11-055
BL11-053
BL11-052 BL11-050BL11-049
BL11-048
BL11-045
BL11-044
BL11-042
BL11-039
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BL11-031BL11-029
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EmeraldLake
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101
33
33
32
32
31
31
334000 m
334000 m
330000 m
330000 m
5304000 m5304000 m
5303000 m5303000 m
Figure 3. Inse t map, at 1:15 000 scale , showing the drill hole s in the vicinity of the Borde n Lake de posit. T he drill hole s labe lle d with the company drill-hole numbe rs are those for which the ge ology at the collar is indicate d on the main map. F or ge ne ral information about e ach drill hole , seeT able 2; note , how e ve r, that not all drill hole s liste d in T able 2 are labe lle d in F igure s 2 or 3. De tails on drill hole s can be found in Allan (2012, 2013, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c), Harpe r (1982) and Ire land (1984).
abAgAubtcalcpCudie pgrthe mkfsmlczU
............................................albite...........................................silve r.............................................gold...........................................biotite.........................................calcite.................................chalcopyrite........................................coppe r........................................diopside.........................................e pidote..........................................garne t...................................he m atite.....................potassium fe ldspar...................................malachite
.......................................niobium
...........................................nicke l
.............................................le ad...................................plagioclase.....................................pyrrhotite............................................pyrite.........................................quartz....................................rie be ckite........................................se ricite.......................sulphide mine rals........................................tre molite....................................uranium
................................................................zircon U /P b age de te rmination, in M a
ABBR EVIATIONSaN bN iP bplpopyqtzrbkse rsultrU , U
a Bla ck a b b revia tion in dica tes ob served m in era logy; red a b b revia tion in dica tes m in era liza tion . Ab b revia tion s a re a lso used in the legen d a n d in T a b le 1.
a T his legen d is a field legen d tha t in corpora tes the results of la b ora tory in vestiga tion s, in cludin g petrogra phy a n d geochem istry. All Archea n rocks a n d som e of the Proterozoic rocks ha ve b een sub jected to region a l m eta m orphism ; m a n y n on -m eta m orphic term s a re used for the sa ke of b revity a n d where the protolith is esta b lished.
b T he Preca m b ria n legen d is a lithotecton ic on e, a n d stra tigra phic order is on ly in pa rt im plied b y n um erica l order.
c T he letter “C” precedin g a code refers to da ta in terpreted from geologica l m a ps listed un der “Sources of In form a tion ”. Note tha t the loca tion a n d sha pe of com piled outcrops m a y b e less precise tha n those m a pped durin g this study.
d T he letter “D” precedin g a code refers to da ta in terpreted from dia m on d- drill holes. Beca use of the hun dreds of dia m on d-drill holes presen t in the a rea , on ly the m ost represen ta tive a re shown on the m a p. Where outcrop in form a tion wa s lim ited, a few of the drill-hole colla rs were a ssign ed rock codes b a sed on the drill logs presen t in the a ssessm en t files listed un der “Sources of In form a tion ”. Assign m en t of a rock code on ly ta kes in to a ccoun t the n ea r-surfa ce b edrock; n o extra pola tion of rock un its to depth wa s a ttem pted. T a b le 2 lists som e of the drill holes in the a rea ; Figures 2 a n d 3 provide the la b elled loca tion s for m ost of the drill holes.
e T he letter “G” precedin g a code refers to da ta in terpreted from a erom a gn etic geophysica l m a ps listed un der “Sources of In form a tion ”.
f T he letters “CG” precedin g a code refer to da ta in terpreted from b oth previous geologica l m a ps a n d a erom a gn etic a n d/or a irb orn e ga m m a - ra y spectrom etric surveys listed un der “Sources of In form a tion ”.
g T he use of a sla sh (“/”) b etween 2 rock codes in dica tes tha t there is a n un certa in ty on the iden tifica tion of the rock type; therefore, the 2 m ost likely codes a re a ssign ed to this rock type, with the first b ein g the m ost prob a b le.
h Assign m en t to rock un its is b a sed on geochem ica l a n d geochron ologica l criteria , ra ther tha n b y lithostra tigra phic correla tion , a s a result of the in ten se m eta m orphism a n d deform a tion tha t these rocks ha ve un dergon e.
i Age ra n ge b a sed on U /Pb geochron ologica l da ta ob ta in ed a s pa rt of this m a ppin g project a n d historica l da ta (se e T a b le 1).
j Beca use of the curren t la ck of geochron ologica l da ta for Proterozoic dike swa rm s in the m a p a rea , n orthea st-tren din g dikes were a ssign ed b y defa ult to the Ma ra thon (Ka puska sin g) dike swa rm which is the m ost likely to b e the dom in a n t dike swa rm . Both swa rm s ha ve a ges of b etween 2126 a n d 2101 Ma a n d, therefore, b elon g to the sa m e plum e even t (Ha lls et a l. 2008). However, the rea der m ust keep in m in d tha t other n ea rb y n orthea st-tren din g dike swa rm s of sim ila r com position , such a s the Biscota sin g a n d the Ab itib i dike swa rm s, ha ve b een docum en ted in the Ka puska sin g Structura l Z on e a n d in the Wa wa – Ab itib i terra n e. Moreover, n orthea st-tren din g la m prophyre dikes (un it 17) crosscuttin g Sudb ury dikes (un it 16) ha ve b een ob served in the m a p a rea b y the field pa rty a n d likely b elon g to the Ab itib i dike swa rm (se e Queen et a l. 1996).
k T he m igm a tite cla ssifica tion is b a sed on tha t of Sa wyer (2008). T his cla ssifica tion is pa rtly field b a sed a n d its a ccura cy m a y b e stron gly depen da n t on the qua lity a n d exten t of the exposure. Moreover, on e m ust con sider tha t dia texites usua lly in volve high ra tes of pa rtia l m eltin g a n d/or m elt m igra tion a n d con cen tra tion s in sign ifica n t volum e, hen ce b lurrin g the b oun da ry b etween m igm a tites a n d true in trusive rocks. In corolla ry, this m ea n s tha t pa rt of un it 1 could a lso b e en cla ves of coun try rock a ssim ila ted durin g pluton ism a n d a re n ot true m ela n osom es. T his la tter in terpreta tion m a y b e highly prob a b le in the western pa rt of the a rea where m ost of the “en cla ve-poor” gra n odioritic pluton ic rocks a re ob served. In a ddition , on e m ust a lso keep in m in d tha t retrogression of gra n ulite-fa cies a ssem b la ges b y in filtra tion of ton a litic m elt were a lso docum en ted a lon g Highwa y 101 (se e Duguet a n d Szum ylo 2016), thus pa rtia lly era sin g fea tures dia gn osis of m ela n osom es.
Mafic Gneiss and Amphibolite, Derived from the Metamorphism of Tholeiitic Mafic Volcanic and Intrusive Rocks 3a Amphibolite and mafic gne iss, fine graine d, dark gre e n to gre y, strongly foliate d
3b Amphibolite , fine graine d, compositionally laye re d (garne t-be aring calc-silicate laye r ve rsus amphibolite ), strongly foliate d to mylonitic re sulting from the m e tamorphism of hydrothe rmally alte re d mafic flow
3c Amphibolite , fine graine d, compositionally laye re d (garne t+grüne rite or garne t+biotite laye rs ve rsus amphibolite ), strongly foliate d to mylonitic re sulting from the m e tamorphism of a hydrothe rmally alte re d (chloritic) mafic flow
3d Amphibolite , fine graine d, m e socratic to le ucocratic, hornble nde porphyroblast be aring, mylonitic, de rive d from an alte re d flow or a subvolcanic intrusion
M afic gne iss, fine to m e dium graine d, hornble nde phyric, magne tite be aring, m e lanocratic, mode rate ly to w e ll foliate d, de rive d e ithe r from a massive flow or a subvolcanic sill
Modifiers rela ted to m eta m orphosed syn volca n ic a ltera tion (sea floor) 3E Epidote pods 3M p M e tamorphose d pillow se lvage s, variole s, hyloclastite s
and vugs producing calc-silicate (garne t, diopside , e pidote ) and othe r garne t-be aring asse m blage s
3S Albite pods Modifiers rela ted to post-m eta m orphic m eta m orphosed a ltera tion 3F P e rvasive calc-silicate mine rals re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
3K P otassic alte ration (ve ins, fracture s, alte ration halos) 3P Calc-silicate pods re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
3V Calc-silicate ve ins (e ithe r concordant or discordant to main foliation) re sulting from the m e tamorphism of carbonate -alte re d rocks
T ECT ONIC CONTACT Kapuskasing Structural Zone (Metamorphism Between 2680 and 2640 Ma)
Diatexite, Derived from the Partial Melting of Unit 1 Rocks (at circa 2680 Ma) and Associated IntrusiveRocksk
2a R e siduum-rich diate xite , 35 to 60% of tonalitic le ucosom e , m e dium graine d, strongly foliate d (flow bande d), hosting be tw e e n 20 and 40% of scholle n of mafic m e lanosom e (unit 1)
2b M e lt-rich diate xite , 60 to 80% of tonalitic le ucosom e , m e dium graine d, strongly foliate d, hosting locally abundant schlie re ns of hornble nde and clinopyroxe ne , hosting le ss than 10% of scholle n of mafic m e lanosom e (unit 1)
2c M e lt-rich diate xite , 50 to 80% of tonalitic le ucosom e , m e dium graine d, mode rate ly foliate d, hosting abundant schlie re ns of hornble nde and clinopyroxe ne , hosting le ss than 10% of scholle n of mafic m e lanosom e (unit 1)
2d Granodiorite to tonalite , locally porphyritic, m e dium to coarse graine d, white w e athe ring, locally strongly foliate d
Modifiers rela ted to the secon d pa rtia l m eltin g even t a t circa 2660 Ma 2A S tromatic to ne t-structure m e tate xite , 10 to 20% of
pink to white granitic to granodioritic le ucosom e , tonalitic m e lanosom e (units 2a and 2b), flow bande d
2B P atchy to locally stromatic m e tate xite , 5 to 10% of pink granitic to granodioritic le ucosom e , tonalitic m e lanosom e (units 2b and 2c), w e akly foliate d
Migmatitic Mafic and Felsic Gneiss k 1a M e tate xitic mafic gne iss, stromatic to ne t-structure d,
5 to 10% tonalitic le ucosom e , fine to m e dium graine d, with 15 to 20% of garne t porphyroblasts
1b M e tate xitic mafic gne iss, ne t-structure d to stromatic, 15 to 40% le ucosom e , fine to m e dium graine d, locally having re lict garne t porphyroblasts, pre se nt also as scholle n in unit 2, le ucosom e compose d of m e dium- to coarse -graine d tonalite hosting up to 20% of e uhe dral fe rromagne sian mine rals (gre e n hornble nde and clinopyroxe ne )
1c M e tate xitic fe lsic gne iss, stromatic, garne t-be aring ne osom e , fine to m e dium graine d, pale osom e like ly m e tase dim e ntary in origin, inte rlaye re d with units 1a and 1b
1
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