youth migration: levels and trends 2011 migration and development series jointly organized by...
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Youth Migration: Youth Migration: levels and trendslevels and trends
2011 Migration and Development Seriesjointly organized by
UNITAR, IOM, UNFPA and the MacArthur Foundation
28 April 2011
Pablo LattesMigration Section
Population Division - DESAUnited Nations
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Total population by sex and age 1990, Total population by sex and age 1990, 2000 and 2010 (millions)2000 and 2010 (millions)
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
0-4
5-9
10-19
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
International migrants by sex and age International migrants by sex and age 1990, 2000 and 2010 (thousands)1990, 2000 and 2010 (thousands)
-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000
0-4
5-9
10-19
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Youth migrant stock in 2010 Youth migrant stock in 2010 (thousands)(thousands)
RegionRegion 15-2415-24 TotalTotal PercentagePercentage
WorldWorld 26,575 26,575 213,944 213,944 12.4 12.4
AfricaAfrica 3,720 3,720 19,263 19,263 19.319.3
AsiaAsia 8,327 8,327 61,324 61,324 13.6 13.6
EuropeEurope 7,715 7,715 69,819 69,819 11.1 11.1
Latin America and the Latin America and the CaribbeanCaribbean
1,031 1,031 7,480 7,480 13.8 13.8
Northern AmericaNorthern America 5,181 5,181 50,042 50,042 10.4 10.4
OceaniaOceania 600 600 6,015 6,015 10.0 10.0
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
““Youth”Youth”15 to 24 years old15 to 24 years old
At age 15At age 15 At age 24At age 24
MinorsMinors AdultsAdults
Generally sons / Generally sons / daughtersdaughters
Possibly heads of Possibly heads of householdshouseholds
Students / Students / dependentsdependents
WorkersWorkers
Lowest rate of Lowest rate of migrationmigration
Highest rate of Highest rate of migrationmigration
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Migration Migration flows and stocks flows and stocks
Migration flowsMigration flows• Refers to the event of moving, from one country (origin) to Refers to the event of moving, from one country (origin) to
another (destination) in a given period (ex. 5 years).another (destination) in a given period (ex. 5 years).
Migrant stocks Migrant stocks • Refers to the stock of “foreign born” or “foreigners” living in a Refers to the stock of “foreign born” or “foreigners” living in a
specific country at a specific date. Foreigners may include specific country at a specific date. Foreigners may include second generation (son/daughters of foreigners).second generation (son/daughters of foreigners).
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Source: Model Migration Schedules, Andrei Rogers and Luis J. Castro, 1981
Models of migration by ageModels of migration by age
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Age distribution of international Age distribution of international migrants - 2010migrants - 2010
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1400
-04
05-0
9
10-1
4
15-1
9
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65+
Pe
rce
nta
ge
International migrants
Source: UNPD estimates - 2010
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Age distribution of migrants and Age distribution of migrants and total population - 2010total population - 2010
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1400
-04
05-0
9
10-1
4
15-1
9
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65+
Pe
rce
nta
ge
International migrants Total population
Source: UNPD estimates - 2010
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Age distribution of migrant stock Age distribution of migrant stock 20102010
0
2
4
6
8
10
1200
-04
05-0
9
10-1
4
15-1
9
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
Per
cen
tag
e
International migrants
Source: UNPD estimates
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Age distribution of migrant stock by Age distribution of migrant stock by development level – 2010development level – 2010
0
2
4
6
8
10
1200
-04
05-0
9
10-1
4
15-1
9
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
Less developed regions More developed regions
Source: UNPD estimates
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Regional distribution of migrant stock Regional distribution of migrant stock aged 15-24 - 2010aged 15-24 - 2010
Percentage distributionPercentage distribution
RegionRegion 15-2415-24 TotalTotal
AfricaAfrica 14.014.0 9.09.0
AsiaAsia 31.331.3 28.728.7
EuropeEurope 29.029.0 32.632.6
Latin America and the CaribbeanLatin America and the Caribbean 3.93.9 3.53.5
Northern AmericaNorthern America 19.519.5 23.423.4
OceaniaOceania 2.32.3 2.82.8
TOTALTOTAL 100%100% 100%100%
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Percentage of migrant stock aged Percentage of migrant stock aged 15-24 over total migrants15-24 over total migrants
Highest 10Highest 10 Lowest 10Lowest 10
BhutanBhutan 29.029.0 SloveniaSlovenia 4.64.6
BangladeshBangladesh 29.029.0 EstoniaEstonia 4.74.7
CambodiaCambodia 27.727.7 LatviaLatvia 4.94.9
Iran (Islamic Iran (Islamic Republic of)Republic of) 26.826.8 PolandPoland 5.75.7
Cape VerdeCape Verde 26.326.3 ArmeniaArmenia 5.75.7
GhanaGhana 25.325.3 CubaCuba 5.95.9
EcuadorEcuador 25.325.3 Venezuela (Bolivarian Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)Republic of) 5.95.9
SenegalSenegal 25.225.2 Czech RepublicCzech Republic 6.26.2
MaliMali 24.924.9 BelarusBelarus 6.36.3
Costa RicaCosta Rica 23.423.4 FranceFrance 6.66.6
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Percentage female among the Percentage female among the migrant stock by age – 2010migrant stock by age – 2010
40
45
50
55
60
0-4
5-9
10-1
4
15-
19
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65+
Per
cen
tag
e
WORLD More developed regions Less developed regions
Source: UNPD estimates
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Percentage female among the Percentage female among the migrant stock by age – 2010migrant stock by age – 2010
40
45
50
55
60
0-4
5-9
10-1
4
15-
19
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65+
Per
cen
tag
e
WORLD More developed regions Less developed regions
Source: UNPD estimates
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Percentage female migrants: Percentage female migrants: 15-24 and total - 201015-24 and total - 2010
RegionRegion 15-2415-24 TotalTotal
AfricaAfrica 52.652.6 46.846.8
AsiaAsia 45.445.4 44.644.6
EuropeEurope 50.850.8 52.352.3
Latin America and the CaribbeanLatin America and the Caribbean 50.550.5 50.150.1
Northern AmericaNorthern America 45.545.5 50.150.1
OceaniaOceania 50.450.4 51.251.2
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
ConclusionsConclusions Reasons and patterns for youth migration very different by Reasons and patterns for youth migration very different by
age, region and socio-economic background.age, region and socio-economic background.
Percentage of youth among migrants is relatively small Percentage of youth among migrants is relatively small compared to that of youth among the world population compared to that of youth among the world population (12.4 to 17.6 respectively)…(12.4 to 17.6 respectively)…
……but the proportion of youth migrants in Africa and Asia is but the proportion of youth migrants in Africa and Asia is higher than in the rest of the world.higher than in the rest of the world.
Percentage female starts to decline around age 20, to reach Percentage female starts to decline around age 20, to reach its lowest level around age 40 - in particular in developing its lowest level around age 40 - in particular in developing regions.regions.
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Percentage of migrant stock Percentage of migrant stock aged 15 to 24aged 15 to 24
Under 1212 to 1515 to 2020 and over