耶鲁专升本公共英语yy 课堂

--------- 定语从句讲解

耶鲁专升本公共英语 YY 课堂

定语的位置： 1. 形容词作定语前置：形容词 + 名词 2. 句子作定语后置：名词 + 句子（定语从句） She is the girl. ╲ The girl likes me. ╱ She is the girl who likes me

关系词

一、定义：在英语句子中，用于限定名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。二、构成：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句（一般情况下，三者紧挨着，顺序不

可变）例： She is the girl who likes me.

先行词关系词定语从句注： 1. 被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 2. 关系词指代先行词，两者为同一事物。

三、关系词主宾关系代词：指人 who/that whom/that whose

指物 which/that which /that whose

关系副词：作状语，先行词为时间 when

地点 where

原因 why(reason)

☆ 注：关系词的选择当从句缺少成分（主、宾、表）时，用关系代词。当从句不缺少成分时，用关系副词。关系词做宾语成分时可以省略判断缺不缺成分以“五大基本句型”为标准。例：⑴ Is this the factory B he worked last year?

⑵I like the place C E F I visited three years ago.

⑶He is the star D E F we love.

（ 4 ） I don’t know the reason ___G__ they broke up with each other.

A. when B. where C. which D. whom E. that F. / G. why

四、如何找定语从句：以 ______ 为坐标，如果 ______ 前无谓语动词（包括 be 动词），从 ______

到第二个谓语动词前为从句如果 ______ 前有谓语动词，从 ______ 到句末为从

句

例：⑴ The girl B E my father is talking to is my girl friend.

⑵The work A E has just been finished is very important.

⑶I’ll never forget the day C we first met each other.

A E we spent together.

A. which B. whom C. when D. who E. that F. where

注：若 ____ 前有名词，通常考定语从句。

1. The place ______interested me most was the Children’s Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which

2. That is the day ______I ‘ll never forget.A. which B. what C. when D. on which

3. No one don’t know the reason ______ she gets so angry.A. that B. which C. why D. when

4. This is the best novel ______ I have ever read. A. which B. where C. that D. what

五、 whose 的使用： 1. 从句不缺成分 2. 先行词与从句主语构成从属关系 3. 从句的主语前没有 the

例：⑴ This is the scientist C achievements( 成就 ) are well k

nown.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. of whom

⑵This is the house, D the window was broken last night.

A. which B. whose C. that D. of which

注： whose + n. = of which/whom + the + n. = the + n. + of whic

h/whom

例： This is the house, the window of which was broken last ni

ght.

This is the house whose window was broken last night.

六、关系代词 which 与 that 的使用：

a. 只用 that 不用 which 的情况： 1. 当先行词是 something, everything, anything, nothing, some,

all, a little, little, a few, few, all 等不定代词或被这些词修饰时，用 t

hat, 不用 which.

2. 当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或有 the only, the very( 正好 , 正是 ), the last, just 修饰时，用 that, 不用 which.

3. 当先行词既有人又有物时，用 that, 不用 which.

例 : Do you have ⑴ anything that you want to say.

⑵This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen.

⑶Do you know the things and persons that they are talking abo

ut?

⑷Who is the boy that won the gold medal( 金牌 )?

(5) Which is the gold medal that the boy won?

b. 只用 which 不用 that 的情况： 1. 当关系词前有介词时，用 which, 不用 that

例： This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.

注：此时，介词 + 关系代词相当于关系副词，且介词要与先行词或从句动词构成搭配。

E.g. when=in/at/on/during which

where=in/at/on/from which

如上句： This is a house where /in live Lu Xun once lived.

This is the city where/from which comes.

例：⑴ This is the factory _____ he worked last year.

A. which B. in that C. in which D. of which

⑵John is the boy ____ he talked yesterday.

A. whom B. with whom C. of which D. of who

2. 在非限制性定语从句中，用 which, 不用 that

定语从句的分类：

限制性定语从句： This is the book that/which I want to read.

非限制性定语从句： This is the book , which I want to read.

注： 1. 限制性定语从句中无“，”连接非限制性定语从句中有“，” 连接 2. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系词作宾语时，可以省略。例： This is the book (that/which) I want to read.

This is the book , which I want to read.

3. 在非限定性定语从句中，只是不用 that, 其他关系词可以用：

例：⑴ She has fallen in love with Jack,_____ I find hard to imagine. (2009) A. who B. that C. whom D. which

⑵Mr. Zhang, ____ came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. A. which B. that C. who D. whom (2006)

七、当先行词为 the way （方式，方法）时，且当从句不缺成分时，关系词有三种情况： that / in which / 不填例 1 ：⑴ The way that/in which/ 不填 he explained the sentence to

us was simple.

⑵The way that/which he explained to us was simple.

例 2 ： I don’t like_____ you speak to her. (2013)

A. the way B. the way in that

C. the way which D. the way of which

八、关系代词 as 的用法先行词由 such , the same, so, as 修饰时，从句缺成分，关系代词

用 as

例： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

Your shirt is the same I bought yesterday.

2. 在非限定性定语从句中， as 和 which 都可以代表前面一整句话的内容。

as 引导的从句可位于主句前，主句中，主句后。但 which 引导的从句只能位于主句后。

此外， as用于以下固定搭配：as we know(正如我们所知 ) as is often the case(像通常那样 )as has been said before(如上所述 ) as is reported(正如报道的那样 )as is well known(众所周知 ) as was expected(正如预料的那样 )as is known to everybody(众所周知 )

例：⑴ As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. ⑵Smoking, as we know, is harmful to one’s health. ⑶Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as /which we know. ⑷ AS was expected, she married him. She married him, as/which was expected.

九、其他要点（一） 1. one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词复数 the only one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词单数例： He is one of the boys who are handsome. (be)

先行词 He is the only one of the boys who is handsome. (be)

先行词 2. 数词 / 代词 + of which/whom 表示先行词的数量。此类词有： all, none, both, neither, either, some, most…

例：⑴ She has ten friends, ____ is a girl.

A. none of which B. none of whom C. who D. some of whom

⑵I have two pens, ____ writes well.

A. none of them B. none of which

C. neither of which D. either of them

十、其他要点（二）非地点意义的词，表“抽象地点”，如 situation( 局面 ), point( 境

界 , 程度 ), case( 事例 ), position( 境地 ), stage( 阶段 ), condition( 条件 ), circumstance( 境况 )

… 意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，关系词用 where. 例： They have reached the point ____ they have to say goodbye t

o each other. A. that B. which C. where D. when

十一、其他要点（三）插入语 I think, I believe, I guess, I suppose, I imagine, in my opini

on 通常放在关系词与从句谓语动词之间。做题时，不考虑插入语。例： He made another wonderful discovery,_____ of great importan

ce to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is (2012) C. which I think it D. I think is

1. The final examination will cover all _____ taught this term.(2001)

A. what has been B. that has been

C. that was D. which has been

2.She studied hard at school when he was young, ______contributed

to success in later life.(2007)

A. so that B. therefore C. that D. which

3. I’m going to spend the winter vacation in Shanghai, ______ I have

relatives. （ 2007)

A. Which B. that C. where D. when

4. We’re talking about the pinion and the pianist _____were in the concert we attended last night.(2013)

A. that B. whom C. who D. that

5. This is the best novel _____I have ever read.(2007)A. which B. where C. that D, what

19

感谢您的关注

GOOD NIGHT

耶鲁专升本公共英语yy 课堂

Documents