zainab bt. ariffin (90286)
DESCRIPTION
CHANGES IN THE STATE OF MATTER. Presented by:. Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286). MATTER. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter is made up of tiny and discrete particles. These particles are: Atom. Molecule. Ion. Matter exist in 3 states :-. Liquid. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MATTER
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Matter is made up of tiny and discrete particles.
These particles are: Atom. Molecule. Ion.
![Page 3: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Matter exist in 3 states :-
Solid
Liquid
Gas
![Page 4: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Solid .
A solid has afixed volumeand shape.
A solid cannot be compressed
The particles are packed closely together in an orderly manner.
There are strong forces between the particles.
The particles can only vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions.
![Page 5: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Liquid
A liquid cannot be compresseasily.
A liquid has a fixed volume. It does not have a fixed shape but takes the shape of the container.
The particles are held together by strong forces butweaker than theforces in a solid.
The particles can vibrate,rotate and move throughout the liquid. They collide against each other
The particles areclosely togetherbut not in orderly arrangement
![Page 6: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gas
A gas does not have a fixed shape or volume.
A gas canbe compressed
easily.
The particles are veryfar apart from each other and in a randommotion.
There are weak forces between the particles.
The particles can vibrate, rotate and move freely. The rate of collision is greater than the rate of collision in a liquid.
![Page 7: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Inter-conversion of the state of matter
GAS
SOLID LIQUIDKey : :heating
:cooling
Subl
imat
ion evaporation
condensation
freezing
melting
Subli
mat
ion
![Page 8: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
decreasing heat
increasing heat
solid liquid
The change in heat affects the kinetic energy of particles
gas
![Page 9: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Melting pointWhen solid is heated , the particles in thesolid gain kinetic energy and vibrate morevigorously.
The particles vibrate faster as thetemperature increases until the energy theygained is able to overcome the forces thathold them at their fixed position.
![Page 10: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
At this point, the solid become liquid
This process called melting
The temperature at which this happen iscalled the melting point.
![Page 11: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Freezing Point When a liquid is cooled, the particles in the
liquid lose energy and move slower.
As the temperature continues to drop, the particles continue to lose more energy until they do not have enough energy to move freely.
![Page 12: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
At this point, the liquid changes into the solid
This process is called freezing
The temperature at which this happen is called freezing point
![Page 13: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Meltingpoint
Temperature (°c)
Time (min)
The heating curve
A
B C
D
![Page 14: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
At point A :-The matter exists as solid. When the solid
is heated, heat energy is absorbed.This cause the particles to gain kinetic
energy and vibrate faster.This is why the temperature increases.
![Page 15: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
At point B to C :-The solid begin to meltBoth liquid and solid are presentDuring the melting process , the
temperature of the matter does not rise, even though heating continues.
The temperature remain constant because the heat energy absorb by the particles is used to overcome the forces between particles so that the solid can turn into liquid.
This constant temperature is the melting point of the matter.
![Page 16: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
At point C and D :-
All the solid has melted and change to the liquid
From point C to Point D, the particles in liquid matter absorb heat energy and move faster.
The temperature increases from point C to D.
![Page 17: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The cooling curveTemperature
(°c)
F G
H
E
Time (min)
Freezing point
![Page 18: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
At point E to F :
The particles in the liquid lose their kinetic energy
They move slower as the temperature decrease
![Page 19: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
At point F :-
The liquid matter begins to freeze.
Its temperature remains constant because the heat loss to the surroundings is exactly balanced by the heat energy liberated as the particles attract one another to form solid
![Page 20: Zainab Bt. Ariffin (90286)](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062310/56815ffb550346895dcefae8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
At point G to H:-
The solid is cooled
The particles in the solid vibrate slower as the temperature decreases