zambia factsheets of health statistics 2016 ·...

ZAMBIA

Factsheets of Health Statistics2016

Population

2010 2011 2012 2013

Population proportion (%)

Aged over 60 %

Aged 15-59 %

Aged under 15% 47

50

4

47

49

4

47

48

5

46

49

5

Population( Source:WHO 2015)

Introduction

Population

Population (in thousands) total

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2015 16,212

14,075

13,475

13,089

12,724

12,380

12,055

11,750

11,462

11,192

10,938

10,693

10,450

10,202

Population( Source:UN 2015)

Health status and trends

1990

Both sexes Female Male

2013


Healthy Life expectancy at birth (years)

Life expectancy at age 60 (years)

Life expectancy at birth (years) 40

14

47

16

43

15

57

16

49

60

18

51

58

17

50

Life expectancy( Source:WHO 2015)

1990


2013


Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 yearsper 1000 population) 634452550 356303330

Adult mortality( Source:WHO 2015)

1990 1995 2000 2005 2013 2015

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 224280430610630580

Maternal mortality( Source:WHO 2015)

2000 2012

Age-standardized mortality rate by cause (per 100 000 population)

All Causes

Communicable

Noncommunicable diseases

Injuries

Malignant neoplasms (CANCER)

Cardiovascular diseases

Chronic Respiratory diseases

Diabetes mellitus 39.3

23.8

271.7

105.0

156.4

587.4

764.3

1,508.1

215.3

712.0

1,808.4

2,735.7

Age standardized deaths( Source:WHO 2015)

1990 2000 2015

Under-five mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)

Infant mortality rate (probability of dying between birth andage 1 per 1000 live births) 43

64

100

169

115

577

Child mortality( Source:WHO 2015)

2000 2012

Distribution of years of life lost by major cause group (%)

Communicable

Noncommunicable diseases

Injuries 11

14

75

8

10

83

Burden of disease( Source:WHO 2015)

ZAMBIAHealth status and trends

Health MDGs

MDG - 4: Reduce child mortalityTarget 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

(Source: WHO, 2015)

1990 2015 MDG Target 2015 Reduction (%)

Under-five mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)

Measles (MCV) immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) -6

66

100

67

85

64

90

193

Progress on the MDGs

Not achieved

Achieved

MDG - 5: Improve maternal healthTarget 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

(Source: WHO, 2015)


Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 6175224577


Not achieved

2007-2014 MDG Target 2015Antenatal care coverage at least one visitBirths attended par skilled health personnel (%)Unmet need for family planning (%) 0.00

90.00100.00

27.0064.0096.00


Not achievedNot achievedNot achieved

Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health (Source: WHO, 2015)

MDG - 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseasesTarget 6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

Target 6.B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need itTarget 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to incidence of malaria and other major diseases

(Source: WHO, 2015)

1990 2000 2007 2014 MDG Target 2015 Reduction (%)

Incidence of HIV (%)Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%)Malaria incidence (%)Tuberculosis mortality rate (per 100 000 population per year) 70.59

70.00

54.82

50.0075.0080.000.00

25.0025.1557.000.75

46.001.66

63.00

Health-Related MDGs

MDG - 7: Ensure environment sustainabilityTarget 7.C: Halve,by the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

(Source: WHO, 2015)


Population using improved drinking-water sources (%)Population using improved Sanitation (%) 5.56

31.8950.0050.00

43.9065.40

40.6049.20


Not achieved Not achieved

MDG - 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerTarget 1.C: Halve,between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

(Source: WHO, 2015)

1990-1995 2007-2014 MDG Target 2015 Reduction (%)

Children aged <5 years underweight (%) 29.750.014.921.2


Not achieved

Other MDGs

MDG - 2: Achieve Universal Primary EducationTarget 2.A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

(Source: UNICEF, 2015)

2007-2014 MDG Target 2015

Percentage of net enrolment ratio in primary education 100.091.0


Not on track

MDG - 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower WomenTarget 3.A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by, 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

(Source: UNICEF, 2015)

2007-2014 MDG Target 2015

The gender parity index in percentage of net enrolment ratio inprimary education 1.000.99


On track

MDG - 8: Develop a global partnership for developmentTarget 8.A: Develop further an open, rule-based, non discrimanatory trading and financial system

Target 8.D: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs(Source: World Bank, 2015)

1990 2005 2011 2013

Official development assistance (ODA) received as percentage of GDP 4.505.8013.0014.40

Private Public

Median availability of selected generic medicines, 2007-2013

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines, 2007-2013

74.0

4.7

81.3


Not achievedNot achieved

Achieved

Achieved

ZAMBIAProgress on the MDGs

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013External resources for health as a percentage of totalexpenditure on health

General government expenditure on health as % of GDP

General government expenditure on health as a percentage oftotal expenditure on healthGeneral government expenditure on health as a percentage oftotal government expenditureOut-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of total expenditureon health

Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int. $)

Per capita government expenditure on health at averageexchange rate (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $)

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate(US$)Private prepaid plans as a percentage of private expenditure onhealthSocial security expenditure on health as a percentage of generalgovernment expenditure on health

Total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domesticproduct 5.0

0.0

3.5

93.0

192.0

54.0

112.0

27.8

12.6

58.3

2.9

34.2

4.8

0.0

3.5

84.0

175.0

45.0

94.0

30.9

12.6

53.9

2.6

37.5

4.4

0.0

3.4

77.0

158.0

42.0

87.0

29.8

12.6

55.1

2.4

31.7

4.1

0.0

3.4

63.0

140.0

35.0

78.0

29.3

12.6

55.4

2.3

53.2

4.7

0.0

3.5

56.0

146.0

27.0

70.0

35.3

11.7

48.0

2.3

42.3

4.8

0.0

3.5

69.0

146.0

31.0

67.0

37.1

11.2

45.5

2.2

38.3

4.3

0.0

3.5

50.0

124.0

22.0

54.0

38.2

9.5

43.7

1.9

34.2

5.4

0.0

2.3

58.0

143.0

22.0

54.0

27.2

10.5

37.8

2.0

43.5

6.2

0.0

1.6

45.0

150.0

19.0

63.0

26.6

11.6

41.9

2.6

46.7

7.3

0.0

0.4

41.0

165.0

20.0

83.0

24.1

15.7

49.9

3.7

27.0

6.8

0.0

0.5

30.0

143.0

13.0

59.0

25.2

10.2

41.1

2.8

33.6

5.9

0.0

0.7

23.0

119.0

12.0

60.0

28.2

10.6

50.4

3.0

31.1

6.1

0.0

0.7

24.0

120.0

12.0

59.0

28.6

10.6

49.2

3.0

11.5

6.5

0.0

0.6

23.0

121.0

11.0

57.0

29.2

11.1

47.4

3.1

13.9

7.0

0.0

0.5

24.0

123.0

10.0

53.0

29.4

11.6

43.5

3.0

6.7

5.7

0.0

0.5

21.0

101.0

7.0

32.0

31.9

6.4

31.4

1.8

25.1

5.5

0.0

0.5

25.0

101.0

8.0

33.0

31.9

7.1

33.0

1.8

23.4

5.3

0.0

0.5

21.0

95.0

7.0

32.0

33.0

9.0

33.7

1.8

18.8

4.8

0.0

0.6

21.0

80.0

8.0

33.0

32.3

8.6

40.7

1.9

12.3

Health financingSource: WHO 2015

1994-2014 2007-2013

Percentage of civil registrationcoverage for births

Percentage of civil registrationcoverage for Deaths

14

10

Health information, evidence and knowledgeSource: WHO 2015

2010 2013 2014 2007-2013

Median availability of selected generic medicines (%)

Median consumer price ratio of selected genericmedicines

Psychiatric beds (per 100 000 population)

Total density per 100 000 population: District/ruralhospitals

Total density per 100 000 population: Health centres

Total density per 100 000 population: Health posts

Total density per 100 000 population: Hospitals

Total density per 100 000 population: ProvincialhospitalsTotal density per 100 000 population: SpecializedhospitalsTotal density per million females aged from 50 to 69years old: Mammography unitsTotal density per million population: Computedtomography unitsTotal density per million population: Gamma camera orNuclear medicine

Total density per million population: Linear Accelerator

Total density per million population: MagneticResonance ImagingTotal density per million population: Positron Emissiontomography

Total density per million population: Radiotherapy units

Total density per million population: Telecobalt Unit

4.70

155.30

4.30

0.07

0.14

0.00

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.21

0.03

0.12

0.45

1.18

8.33

0.30

0.08

0.15

0.00

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.23

4.09

0.04

0.14

1.31

9.25

0.33

Medical products, vaccines, intrastructures and equipementSource: WHO 2015

1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Smear-positive tuberculosistreatment-success rate (%)

Treatment success rate for newpulmonary smear-negative andextrapulmonary tuberculosis cases

Treatment success rate forretreatment tuberculosis cases

8889

86

90

90

80

83

88

81

83

85

81

84

85

83

87

84

78

83

78

75

76

80

90

74

67

67

72

6970

Service deliverySource: WHO 2015

2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Dentistry personnel density (per 1000 population)

Environmental and public health workers density (per1000 population)

Health management & support workers density (per1000 population)

Laboratory health workers density (per 1000population)

Nursing and midwifery personnel density (per 1000population)

Other health workers density (per 1000 population)

Pharmaceutical personnel density (per 1000population)

Physicians density (per 1000 population) 0.173

0.088

0.354

0.049

0.041

0.029

0.172

0.080

0.343

0.044

0.037

0.028

0.066

0.025

1.125

0.784

0.043

0.036

0.089

0.019

0.064

0.025

1.181

0.762

0.071

0.089

0.019

0.065

0.128

0.742

0.077

0.055

0.138

0.706

0.047

0.928

0.068

0.055

1.062

0.717

0.036

0.033

0.069

0.137

0.074

2.015

0.994

0.045

Health workforceSource: WHO 2015

2000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Expenditures for health as a proportion of total per person expenditure

Out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of private expenditure on health

Persons protected from out-of-pocket expenditures through a prepayment scheme

Private expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health

Proportion of births attended by skilled personnel

Satisfied need for family planning 63.80

64.20

41.70

2.70

66.70

46.10

67.10

44.90

66.40

44.60

65.70

52.00

67.80

0.93

52.40

55.60

Universal coverageSource: WHO 2015

National health policies

National Health StrategicPlans

20202011

20152011

Availability of national standards orrecommended lists of medical devices

2010

2013

Health technology (medical device)national policy

2010

2013

Types of lists recommending healthtechnology for high burden diseases

2010

2013

Unit in the Ministry of Healthresponsible for the management ofmedical devices

2010

2013

For different healthcare facilities and specificproceduresFor different healthcare facilities and specificprocedures

No

No

No list available

No list available

Yes

Yes

Comprehensive monitoring and evaluation plan 2012

Health financing strategy 2013

Status of national health accounts (NHA) 2013

No

Ongoing

Conducted NHA at least 3 times

Leadership and governanceSource: WHO 2015

Distribution of censuses carried out in the lastthree census round (1985-1994, 1995-2004,2005-2015)

Plan of census data, 2005-2015 Censusconducted

3 Censuses

Source: UNSD, 2015

ZAMBIAThe health system

2001 2012 2013 2014Deaths due to HIV/AIDS (per 100 000 population)

Prevalence (%) of HIV/AIDS among adults 15-45 years

HIV/AIDS incidence rate (per 100 000 population)

Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people eligible for treatment (%)

984.0

745.0

9.1

396.0

215.0

79.0

7.9

373.0

186.0

57.0

12.4

HIV/AIDS( Source:WHO 2015)

2007-2013Female Male

Population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correctknowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

Prevalence (%) of condom use by adults aged 15-49years during higher-risk sex

3734

33 28

HIV/AIDS( Source:WHO 2015)

2000 2011 2012 2014

Deaths due to tuberculosis (per 100 000 population) among HIV-negative people

Prevalence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population)

Tuberculosis incidence rate (per 100 000 population per year)

Case-detection rate for all forms of tuberculosis (%)

Smear-positive tuberculosis treatment-success rate (%)

713

524

69

67

31

88

427

388

68

28

436

406

59

32

Tuberculosis( Source:WHO 2015)

2012 2013 2007-2013

Malaria mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Malaria incidence rate (per 100 000 population)

Children aged < 5 years (%) with fever whoreceived treatment with any antimalarial

Children aged < 5years (%) sleeping underinsecticide-treated nets

26087

78 78

57

37

Malaria( Source:WHO 2015)

ZAMBIADiseases control

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Number of new cases of leprosy

Annual incidence of dracunculiasis cases

764764396 376374334316316314314 192192

000

Neglected tropical diseases( Source:WHO 2015)

Dracunculiasis certification status of countries at the beginning of the year 2007

Status of endemicity for blinding trachoma 2012

Certified free of dracunculiasis

Endemic

Neglected tropical diseasesCertification

( Source:WHO 2014)

2012

Distribution of causes of intentional andnon-intentional injuries (% of total DALYs)

Falls

Fire, heat and hot substances

Intentional injuries

Other unintentional injuries

Poisonings

Road injury

Unintentional injuries

Distribution of causes of neuropsychiatricburden of diseases (% of total DALYs)

Alcohol use disorders

Bipolar disorder

Drug use disorders

Epilepsy

Migraine

Multiple sclerosis

Neurological conditions

Other neurological conditions

Parkinson's disease

Schizophrenia

Unipolar depressive disorders

Distribution of causes ofnon-communicable burden of diseases(% of total DALYs)


Congenital anomalies

Diabetes mellitus

Digestive diseases

Endocrine, blood, immune disorders

Genitourinary diseases

Malignant neoplasms

Musculoskeletal diseases

Oral conditions

Other neoplasms

Respiratory diseases

Sense organ diseases

Skin diseases

7.9

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.3

1.2

0.7

1.7

1.4

1.2

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

3.3

1.9

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.0

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.2

0.1

Noncommunicable diseases and conditions( Source:WHO 2014)

2012Female Male

noncommunicables diseases


Malignant neoplasms (cancer)

Chronic respiratory diseases

Diabetes mellitus 35

22

99

299

620

43

25

114

246

558

Noncommunicable diseases and conditionsAge-standardized mortality rate by cause (per 100 000 population)

( Source:WHO 2014)

Causes of under-five death, nutrition and healthcare(Source:WHO 2015)

Immunization(Source:WHO/UNICEF coverage estimates for 1980-2014)

ZAMBIAMaternal, newborn and child care

Main causes of maternal death and mortality(Source:WHO 2015, UN Inter-Agency Group 2015)

Reproductive healthcare, gender and women's health(Source:WHO/UNICEF 2015)

Ageing(Source: WHO/UNSD 2015)

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014BCGDTP3HepB3HibB3MCVPABPCVPolio3RotVYFV 737877858586868695

74818079797995

70818278787892

83818381818192

80909683838392

93909094949492

90908787878791

83908581818192

849085838393

8587848494

8578858594

8370868495

8387868496

9075969098

8346858394

9062909197

8144808397

7436586695

5057597170

Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)

BCG :Bacille Calmette Guérin vaccine ;DTP3 :Third dose of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine ;HepB3 :Third dose of hepatitis B vaccine ; Hib3 :Third dose of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine ; MCV :Measles-containing vaccine ;PAB:Protection at birth; PCV3 :Third dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ; Pol3 :Third dose of polio vaccine ; Yfv :Yellow fever ;RotaV :Rotavirus last dose (2nd or 3rd depending on schedule)

Birth asphyxia2000 2005 2010 Congenital2000 2005 2010 Diarrhoea2000 2005 2010 HIV/AIDS2000 2005 2010 Injuries2000 2005 2010 Malaria2000 2005 2010 Measles2000 2005 2010 Neonatal sepsis2000 2005 2010 Other diseases2000 2005 2010 Pneumonia2000 2005 2010 Prematurity2000 2005 2010987 432 91011 111816 432 131616 406 665 151312 141313 131110Causes of death among children aged <5 years (%)

2014Low-birthweight babies (% of births)Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)Complementary feed (%)Children<6 months who are exclusively breastfeeding (%)Children aged 6-59 months who received vitamin A supplementation (%)Children aged <5 years underweight (%)Children aged <5 years stunting (%)Children aged <5 years wasting (%) 646159361945711

Infant and child nutrition 2014Children aged <5 years with ARI symptoms taken to a health facility (%)Children aged <5 years with ARI symptoms who took antibiotic treatment (%)Children aged <5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (%)Children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%)Children aged < 5 years sleeping under ITNs (%) 5737604768

Care of children

Population 60+ years2013Both sexes4

Haemorrhage Abortion Embolism Hypertension Indirect Other direct Sepsis2014 1000%900%2900%1600%200%1000%2500%Main causes of maternal death

1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Under-five mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)Stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births)Neonatal mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 224214364

224567

234770

244974

245179

262255382

26265687

3722869112

5413598163

59634108181

57736113191

Under-5 mortality rate and maternal mortality

Antenatal carecoverage - at leastfour visits (%)2013Antenatal carecoverage - at leastone visit (%)2013

ARV coverageamong HIV+pregnant womenfor PMTCT (%)2013Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)2000 2007 2013

Births by caesarean section (%)2007 2013

Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in N)2013 2015

Postnatal care visitwithin two days of birth (%)200760 94 76 474747 33 6059 39

Reproductive healthcare

Contraceptive prevalence (%) 20072013Age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer per 100 000 population 20082012Unmet need for family planning (%) 20112013Prevalence of Femal genital mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) among girls (%) 2013Prevalence of Female genital mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) among women (%) 1999200420092013Women aged 20-24 that were married before the age of 18 1999200420092013

414158532715115

42424244

Gender and women's healthTotal fertility rate (per woman) 19902000201120122013Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15-19 years) 2005Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

1990199520002005200720102011201220132014Households with a female head (%) 2007

661167151

11121212141513107

24

Gender and women's health

Sex ratio in 60+ age group(men/100 women)201281Life expectancy at age 60 (years)1990Bothsexes Female Male 2000Bothsexes Female Male 2012Bothsexes Female Male 2013Bothsexes Female Male141615 141615 161817 161817

Risk factors for health(Source : WHO, 2015)

2013

Prevalence of smoking any tobacco product among adultsaged 15 years of age or older (%)

Both sexes

Female

Male 27.1

4.7

15.9

2010Alcohol consumption among adults aged 15 years of ageor older (litres per person) Boths sexes 4.0

2014

Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose* among adultsaged 18 years or older (%)

Both sexes

Female

Male 8.0

8.5

8.3

2014

Prevalence of raised blood pressure* among adults aged18 years or older (%)

Both sexes

Female

Male 30.0

28.1

29.1

2008

Prevalence of raised total cholesterol* among adults aged25 years or older (%)

Female

Male

Both sexes 27.7

26.5

28.5

2010

Prevalence of insufficient physical* activity among adultsaged 18 years of age or older (%)

Female

Male

Both sexes 20.5

17.3

23.7

The physical environment(Source : WHO, 2015)

1990 2000 2012

Population using improved drinking-water sources (%)

Population using improved sanitation (%)

635349

434141

Food and nutrition(Source : WHO, 2015)

2007-2014

Children aged under 5 years underweight* (%)

Children aged under 5 years stunted** (%)

Children aged <5 years wasted*** (%)

Children aged under 5 years overweight**** (%)

14.9

45.8

5.6

8.4

Social determinants

Demography(Source : WHO, 2015)

2013

Age distribution of thepopulation (%)

Aged under 15

Aged 15-59

Aged over 60 4

49

47

Ressources and infrastructure(Source : WHO, 2015)

2013

Gross national income* per capita (PPP** int. $) 3,070

Poverty and income inequality(Source : WHO, 2015)

2007-2013

Population living under $1 (PPP* int. $) a day (i.e in absolute poverty) (%) 74.3

Gender equity

2007-2012

Net primary school enrolment ratio (%) Boys

Girls 98

96

Global partnerships and financial flows(Source : World Bank, 2015)

2013

Per capita official development assistance (ODA) received (US$)

Official development assistance received as percentage of GNI

Total debt service as percentage of GNI

Total external debt stocks (in current US$)

79

4

1

5,596,199,000

Science and technology(Source : ITU, 2015)

2014

Percentage of population who are cellular or mobile subscribers

Percentage of population who are telephone (fixed and mobile) subscribers

Percentage of the population who are Internet users

67.3

0.8

17.3

Emergencies and disasters(Source : UNHCR, 2015)

2015

Total number of refugees by country of asylum

Total number of refugees by country of origin

25,737

318

Education

2007-2012

Adult literacy rate (aged 15 and older) (%) 71

ZAMBIAKey determinants

2013

Total fertility rate (average number of children) per woman 5.7

2003-2013

Annual growth rate of population (%) 2.9

*Percent of defined population with fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) or on medication for raised bloodglucose.

**Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)≥140 or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)≥90

***Percentage of defined population with total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl (6.2 mmol/l).

*Underweight is the prevalence of weight-for-age less than -2 standard deviations (using the WHO ChildGrowth Standards median).**Stunting is the prevalence of height-for-age less than -2 standard deviations (using the WHO Child GrowthStandards median)***Wasted is calculated as the prevalence of low weight-for-height less than -2 standard deviations (using theWHO Child Growth Standards median).****Overweight is the prevalence of weight-for-height above +2 standard deviations (using the WHO ChildGrowth Standards median).

*Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (lesssubsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation ofemployees and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is GNI divided by mid-year population.** Purchasing Power Parity

*Number of students enrolled in primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education, regardless of age, as per-centage of the population of official school age for the three levels. The gross enrolment ratio can be greaterthan 100% as a result of grade repetition and entry at ages younger or older than the typical age at that gradelevel (UNDP definition).Source : WHO, 2015

2015

Percentage of seats** held by women in national parliaments 12.7

*Number of seats held by women expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats. Women’s representation inparliaments is one aspect of women’s opportunities in political and public life, and it is therefore linked towomen’s empowerment.Source: USI, 2015.

2005-2011

Population aged 15-24 years who can both read and write (i.eyouth literacy rate*) (%)

Female

Male 70

58

*The youth literacy rate reflects the outcomes of primary education over the previous 10 years or so. As ameasure of the effectiveness of the primary education system, it is often seen as a proxy measure of socialprogress and economic achievement. The literacy rate for this analysis is simply the complement of theilliteracy rate.Source: UNSD, 2013.

2014

Adults aged ≥ 18 years who are obese (%) Female

Male 12.3

14.3

2013

Population living in urban areas (%)

Population using solid fuels (%)

40

82

zambia factsheets of health statistics 2016 ·...

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