zebra and quagga mussel prevention at lake powell · pdf filezebra and quagga mussel...
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ZEBRA AND QUAGGA MUSSEL
PREVENTION AT LAKE POWELL
Aquatic Resources Management
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
Zebra/Quagga Mussels
• Invasive mussels
from Caspian and
Black Seas
• Discovered in Lake
St. Clair in 1988
• Quickly spread
Zebra Mussel Impacts
• Attach to hard
surfaces
• Form thick mats
• Economic
• Ecological
Ecological Damage
• Encrust and kill bottom critters (clams,
crayfish, ...)
Ecological Damage
• Filter enormous amount of algae
• Accumulate toxins
• Crash Fishery
• Cover beaches with sharp
shells
• Fill air with the stench of
decay
Cost to Recreation
Cost to Recreation
• Encrusts
boats
• Clogs
engines
Cost to Facilities
• Fill intake pipes
Cost to Facilities
• Fill intake pipes
• Clog trash screens
Cost to Facilities
• Fill intake pipes
• Clog trash screens
• Encrust docks, launch
ramps, rocks, and anything else in the
water
Lake Powell
Lake Powell
Predicted to be the first body of
water in the West infested
Utah Aquatic Nuisance Species Action Team (Salt Lake City 1998)
Zebra Mussel Prevention Program
• 1999 – Assessed Risk to Lake Powell– Trailer license plate counts
• 2000 – Began Program– Education and monitoring
– Screening at entrance stations
• Voluntary free decontamination (ARA)
– First Prevention Program in the West
• First routine boat history screening program in the world
• First Decontaminations in the Western US
Prevention Program
• Education
• Interdiction
• Monitoring
• Management
Zebra Mussel Prevention Program
• 1999 – Assessed Risk to Lake Powell– Trailer license plate counts
• 2000 – Began Program– Education and monitoring
– Screening at entrance stations
– Voluntary free decontamination (ARA)
– First Prevention Program in the West
• First routine boat history screening program in the world
• First Decontaminations in the Western US
• 2002 – Program Development– Began outreach to other agencies and NPS units
– Improved monitoring with substrates
– Found first boat with attached mussels
Zebra Mussel Prevention Program
• 2003 – Required decon (regulation)
– Low point in compliance (~45%)
• 2005 – Lake Mead becomes infested
– 42 vessels decontaminated (92% compliance)
• 2006 – 45 vessels decontaminated
• 2007 – Lake Mead infestation Discovered
– Expanded Prevention Program
2007 - Expanded Action Plan
• Vessel Certification Required
– Superintendant’s Compendium
– Enforceable
– Self-cert option (gets to 100%)
Visitor ScreeningGLEN CANYON NRA ZEBRA/QUAGGA MUSSEL PREVENTION PROGRAM
Entrance Station Questions
1. Has your vessel been used anywhere other than Lake Powell in the past 30 days? If No – provide a “MUSSEL FREE” certificate
2. In which state(s) was your vessel used? (circle)
States or Province: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois,
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri,
Nebraska, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee,
Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Ontario, Quebec
3. State NOT listed – provide a “MUSSEL FREE” certificate.
State listed: 1) R ecord information in the box below and put date on coupon
2) I nform dispatch of visitor name (with visitor present)
3) S upply visitor with prevention packet (coupon, map, and brochures)
4) K now that you saved Lake Powell!
Had a previously issued Mussel Free Certificate ____YES ____NO
Route completed questionnaire to Jesse Granet (x6268) in the Aquatic Resources Branch
Fee Collector: ___________________ Today’s Date: ____________Time_______
Entrance Station: S1 S2 S3 N4 N5 AP1 LR6 BF7 HC9
(Circle one)
Location of Exposure: ________________________________________________
(Enter name of water body in infested state)
Date of Exposure: ___________________ Coupon #: ____________________
Visitor Name: ______________________DL#____________________State_____
Entrance Booth Staff and
Automated Fee Machines
screen visitors with boats
INTERDICTION
Vessel Certification
All boaters must display
certificate in windshield
All high-risk boats must
be decontaminated
Self Certification
Educated visitors are not the problem
It’s easy to stop ANS with time
• Allows compliance when
NPS staff are not
present to screen
• Target visitor before
they arrive at park (Glen
Canyon NRA website
and everywhere!)
• Promotes awareness in
all Lake Powell boaters
• Decontamination option
shown, signed, and
dated
UDWR and NPS Technicians checking lots and ramps
2007 - Expanded Action Plan
• Vessel Certification Required
– Superintendant’s Compendium
– Enforceable
– Self-cert option (gets to 100%)
• Developed Lake Powell Brochure
– Partnered with Honda for printing
– Also used Zap the Zebra (Thanks to UDWR)
• Increased Penalties
– Up to $5,000 and Six Months in Jail
2007 - Expanded Action Plan
• Hired Intern Coordinator
• Decontamination Equipment
– All Marinas (~$700,000)
– Specialized Training
• Inspection/Decon Protocols
• 500 watercraft inspected/decontaminated
• Improved Monitoring with Plankton Samples
– False Positive veliger detection!
– No Evidence of Mussels in Lake Powell
(continued)
WW1
WW2
WW3
WW4
Monitoring Approaches
Monitoring Approaches
2008 • Continued/Refined Expanded Action Plan
– 20 minutes to Inspection site
– Citations issued for no shows and noncertified
• Additional Funding (2009-2011)
• Emergency Funding
– Expanded Entrance Booth Hours/Season
– Employed Ramp Technicians
– Hired Coordinator
• 1200 vessels inspected/decontaminated
High Risk Boats in 2008
2009• Up to 25 devoted rangers on duty
• Restricted launch ramp hours
• Full quarantines implemented
• Other ANS interdicted
• Stopped 11 watercraft with mussels attached
• All vessels screened
• 4500 vessels inspected/decontaminated
• 318 citations
• $2500 fine held up in court
Bullfrog
02-Mar-09
03-Jun-09
21-Jul-09
11-Aug-09
03-Sep-09
15-Oct-09
10-Nov-09*Antelope Point
06-Apr-09
06-May-09
15-Jun-09
29-Jul-09
28-Sep-09
02-Nov-09
03-Nov-09*
Halls Crossing
03-Jun-09
02-Jul-09
27-Jul-09
17-Aug-09
14-Sep-09
15-Oct-09
10-Nov-09
Hite
03-Mar-09
22-Apr-09
25-Jun-09
19-Aug-09
09-Nov-09*
Stateline
06-Apr-09
06-May-09
27-May-09
01-Jun-09
16-Jul-09
14-Aug-09
22-Oct-09
Wahweap
05-Feb-09
06-Apr-09
13-May-09
19-May-09
27-Jul-09
22-Oct-09
Padre
28-Feb-09
Escalante
02-Mar-09
10-Nov-09
* Multiple samples
Good Hope
25-Jun-09
09-Nov-09
57 Samplesonly 5 sub-sampled
over 700 slides
Dreissenids 0
Ostracods 1479
Dam
28-Jan-09
06-Mar-09
09-Mar-09
13-May-09
01-Jun-09
16-Jul-09*
14-Aug-09
28-Sep-09
02-Nov-09
•Automates sample sorting
•Image analysis to target organisms
•Increase sampling capacity 10X
InterdictionAn inter-divisional affair
Law Enforcement: Tickets, Enforcement, Quarantines, Wheel
Boots, Punishments, Restitution
Business Management: Concessioner Negotiations, CUA’s,
SUP’s, Funding
Dispatch: Communication, Documentation
Interpretation: Educating Visitors and Fielding Questions
Facilities: Decon Equipment, Physical Ramp Closures, Signs
Fees: Screening, First Notification to Dispatch
Resources Management: Warning, Monitoring, Expertise
InterdictionA partnership affair
ZM Coordination Mtgs: 20+ partners representing local, state,
and federal businesses and agencies meet once a month.
Arizona – Game and Fish, Department of Transportation
Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
Bureau of Reclamation – Glen Canyon Dam, SLC, Hoover
City of Page, AZ – Council, Tourism, Camber of Commerce
Salt River Project – Navajo Generating Station
US Coast Guard Auxiliary
Navajo Nation Fish and Game
User and Advocacy Groups
Concessioners: Provide decon and inspection backup. Maintain
decon systems, Assist with monitoring
ARAMARK and ANTELOPE POINT HOLDINGS INC.
22 25 45 45
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Hig
h R
isk B
oats
• Generally cannot walk or fly
• Cannot live out of water
• Spread by humans
• Human behavior can be moderated
• Education, Education, Education
AIS are easy?
