zhang zhengbin — wheat evolution under climate chang warming
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The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.TRANSCRIPT
Wheat Evolution Under Climate Change Warming
Zhang ZhengbinCenter for agriculture resource research
Institute of genetics and development biology Chinese Academy of Science
Global Climate Change and Wheat Production in The World
WORLD CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL FUELS
Combined annual land-surface air and sea surface temperature anomalies (C°) 1861 to 2000 relative to 1961 and 1990. Two standard error uncertainties are shown as bars on the annual number.
Global Mean Temperature(140 year record)
in USDA
Crop Plant area in China
Rice Wheat Maize1000hectare
Region of wheat origin: Region of wheat cultivation:
Wheat Origin and Evolution
Yellow and Huai River Region
Wheat Evolution Under Climate Change Warming in Yellow and Huai River Region in China
Winter wheat →semi-winter wheat →semi-spring wheat
wheat seeding date was put off 10-20 days from 1980 to now
6.7 million ha 9.3 million ha
Wheat suffer drought and cold in China
2009
Wheat evolution
New variety AABBDD
Wheat different species
T.boeoticum,AA
T. monoccum,AA
Ae.squarrosa, DD
Ae. speltoides,BB
Tetraploidsa,AABBHexaploidea, AABBDD
Ae. speltoides,BB
Ae.squarrosa, DD
Tetraploidsa,AABB
New variety AABBDD
Ancient species New varieties
Yield
Harvest index
WUE
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
2x 4x 6x DLV ILV
蒸散量 ET(mm)
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
2 x 4 x 6 x D L V I LV
水 分 利 用 效 率 W U E ( k g / h ㎡ . m m )
0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0
2 x 4 x 6 x D L V I L V
产 量 Y ( k g / h m 2) Yield
Evapotranspiration
WUE
Table 1. WUE(=photosynthetic rate/transpiration rate) of flag Leaf of wheat ancestor species
Species Genome W 10 W 14 W 16 WT.boeoticum AA 1.46 1.42 1.513 1.46T.monococcum AA 2.105 1.614 2.14 1.953Ae.spelta BB 0.649 1.276 1.526 1.150Ae.squarrosa DD 0.704 0.611 1.005 0.7732n 1.229 1.23 1.546 1.334T.dicoccoides AABB 1.25 1.23 1.46 1.31T.dicoccum AABB 1.443 1.25 1.801 1.5T.carthlicum AABB 1.621 1.38 1.444 1.48T.turanicum AABB 1.16 1.136 1.076 1.124T.durum AABB 1.312 1.084 2.00 1.465T.turgidum AABB 1.393 1.19 1.564 1.344T.timopheevi AAGG 1.34 1.27 1.56 1.394n 1.359 1.22 1.557 1.344T.spelta AABBDD 1.536 1.498 1.376 1.47T.compactum AABBDD 1.26 1.33 2.078 1.56 T.macha AABBDD 1.407 0.975 1.54 1.31T.vavilovi AABBDD 1.593 1.219 2.6 1.66 T.sphaerococcum AABBDD 1.533 1.494 1.97 1.67T.zhukovskyi AAAAGG 1.405 0.929 1.12 1.15 T.aestivum AABBDD 1.714 1.40 2.13 1.756n 1.493 1.26 1.83 1.51 S.cereales RR 0.648 0.423 1.17 0.747 Hex.triticales AABBRR 1.424 1.637 2.17 1.744Oct.triticales AABBDDRR 1.851 2.0 1.498 1.783
T. Moncoccum 10X
Shan 229 10X
AA
AABBDD
Table 2 Physiology Traits Evolution of Wheat Ancestor Species
P/T P T △P △T G Ci GA GD
2n 1.60 13.35 8.45 0.307 239.60 4.42 1.77
4n 1.71 10.64 6.37 0.21 227.17 6.85 1.41
6n 1.98 8.68 4.76 0.15 218.50 7.03 1.38
2n-6n 34.98% 43.66% 4.67 3.69
2n-4n 20.29% 24.62% 2.71 2.08
4n-6n 18.42% 25.27% 1.96 1.61
Positive or Negative Effect on Wheat Production of Climate change Warming?
Between 1980 and 2008, climbing global temperatures took millions of tons of wheat off the dinner table. (Science/AAAS) By Daniel Strain, Science News May 6, 2011
Climate Change Wilts Farming Yields
http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/wdc/map_gallery.jsp
Wheat Production will Meet Challenge in Future in China
1958-2007年我国年均气温变化幅度
来源:中国气象局气候变化中心
Annual mean temperature change from 1958-2007 in China
(℃/10Yr)
1958-2007年我国年降水量变化幅度(%/10年)来源:中国气象局气候变化中心
(%/10Yr)
Rainfall change from 1958-2007 in China
Groundwater funnel area expansion quickly in North China plain
Temperature change in China when double CO2 concentration (℃)
来源中国气象局网http://www.cma.gov.cn/qhbh/qhbhyg/200805/t20080508_6564.html
Precipitation change in China when double CO2 concentration (%)
来源中国气象局网http://www.cma.gov.cn/qhbh/qhbhyg/200805/t20080508_6564.html
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