Zigbee based Mapping and Position Tracking

Project Overview of

By :-

G.SrikanthN.Sri Naga NikhilM.Sandeep KumarG.Mahesh

Under the guidance of Miss V.Veena

INDEX

INTRODUCTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM

ARM CONTROLLER

LPC 2148

ZIGBEE MODULE

RFID MODULE

LCD INTERFACING

INTRODUCTION

Aim: To identify person details and information transfer using zigbee technology

Consists of three sections Server,

Department-1 and Department-2.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SERVER

DEPARTMENT 1 DEPARTMENT 2

ARM LPC2148

MAX232

ZIG-BEE

POWER SUPPLY

SERVER:

`

ARM LPC2148

LCD

BUZZER

MAX232

ZIG-BEE

RFIDREADER

POWER SUPPLY

DEPARTMENT 1 & 2:

ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)

RISC FEATURES:

Reduced instructions

Pipelining

Load store architecture

Registers

Reduced instructions :

Utilizes a small, highly-optimized set of instructions.

Pipeline organization :

• 3-stage pipeline: Fetch – Decode - Execute

• Three-cycle latency, one instruction per cycle throughput

cycle

Fetch Decode Execute

Fetch Decode Execute

Fetch Decode Execute

instruction

t t+1 t+2 t+3 t+4

i

i+1

i+2

Does not support memory to memory data processing

Must move to registers before using them.

Process becomes much faster due to register access to

process data.

Load store architecture :

Registers :

Large general purpose register set.

Contains either data or address.

ARM FEATURES:

Low power consumption

High code density

Hardware debugging technology

Reduced area of die.

Low cost memory device.

LPC2148 :

LPC 2148 microcontrollers are based on a 32/16-bit

ARM7TDMI-S processor.

ARM 7TDMI-S

ARM –Acron Risc Machine (Now Advanced Risc Machine)

T – The Thumb 16 bit instruction set.

D – On chip Debug support.

M – Enhanced Multiplier

I – Embedded ICE hardware to give break point and

watch point support.

S- Synthesizable

User USR Normal application execution environment*

Fast Interrupt FIQ Response-time critical interrupt

Interrupt IRQ General purpose interrupt

Supervisor SVC Protected mode for operating system

Abort ABT Virtual memory protection & management

Undefined UND Undefined Instruction (reserved for coprocessor)

System SYS Privileged user mode for operating system

ARM7 Operational Modes :

15

ARM REGISTERS :

R0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13R14R15 (PC)

CPSR

System & UserR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7_fiqR8_fiqR9_fiqR10_fiqR11_fiqR12_fiqR13_fiqR14_fiqR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_fiq

FIQR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_irqR14_irqR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_irq

IRQR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_svcR14_svcR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_svc

SupervisorR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_abtR14_abtR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_abt

AbortR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_undR14_undR15 (PC)

CPSRSPSR_und

Undefined

ARM7 CPSR Format :

ZIGBEE MODULE

Created by Zigbee alliance based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

Designed for control and automation.

Allows wireless two way communication

Low cost, low power consuming technology for WPAN’s.

SPECIFICATIONS

Typical range 50m

Data rates of 250 kbps (@2.4 GHz), 40 kbps (@ 915

MHz), and 20 kbps (@868 MHz).

Fully hand-shaking protocol.

Multiple topologies

Addressing space of up to: 65,535 networks

TOPOLOGY

STAR TOPOLOGY :

PEER TO PEER TOPOLOGY :

CLUSTER TREE TOPOLOGY :CLUSTER TREE TOPOLOGY :

PHY868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz

MAC

NetworkStar / Mesh / Cluster-Tree

Security32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption

Application

API

ZigBeeAlliance

IEEE 802.15.4

Customer

Silicon Stack App

ARCHITECTURE

TYPES OF ANTENNAS

KEY BENEFITS

Ultra-low power consumption

MAC sub layer specifies four security services:

1. maintains a list of trusted devices.

2. Data encryption.

3. Frame integrity.

4. sequential freshness.

APPLICATIONS

Industrial and Commercial Monitors Movement Sensors Automation

Personal Healthcare Patient monitors Remote Diagnosis Data loggers

Building Automation Security Lighting Fire and Safety systems

Automotive Service controls Inventory tracking

RFID MODULE

•RFID MODULE convert radio waves returned from the RFID tag into a form that can be passed on to Controllers.

•RFID read range of this module will vary from approx10mm to 30mm

•This Firmware has the following Functions: • Read Tag-ID• Send Tag-ID in ASCII Format through the

Serial Interface

•To enable wireless identification, the RF subsystem consists of two components: • RFID tags which are small electronic devices that are affixed to objects or embedded in them.• RFID readers, which are devices that wirelessly communicate with tags to identify the item connected to each tag.

TAG CHARACTERISTICS

•Major characteristics of tags include:

 Identifier format,

Power source1.Passive2.Active

Operating frequencies,

TAG READER COMMUNICATION

Tag-reader communication is achieved by using a common communications protocol between the tag and the reader.

Communication Initiation :

Tags and readers can initiate RF transactions in two general ways: a. Reader Talks First (RTF).b. Tag Talks First (TTF).

LCD INTERFACING :

D0D1D2D4D4D5D6D7

P0.16P0.17P0.18P0.19P0.20P0.21P0.22P.023

P0.4

P0.5

P0.6

RS R / W EN

HELLO WORLD

DATAPINS

CONTROL PINS

LPC 2148

VCC

VSS

VBE