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Zinn – Study Guide – “The Empire and the People” – Chapter 12

United States History – Ms. Stang

Key Questions

What were the motives behind U. S. imperialism in the 1890s? Why did some labor unions change their views on the Spanish-American War

after it began?

Why did Secretary of State John Hay later refer to the Spanish-American War

as “a splendid little war”?

Which industries benefitted from the Spanish-American War?

What territories did the United States gain in 1898? Why do you think

Hawaii was annexed in 1898, and not in 1893?

Who was truly responsible for beginning the Philippine-American War?

Why?

How did the U. S. overpower the Filipinos? What advantage did the Filipino rebels have?

How did some African-Americans (both soldiers and civilians) feel about the

Philippine-American War? How were their loyalties torn?

How was the U. S. government’s position towards the Philippines

hypocritical? (Consider the roles of Social Darwinism, the missionary

impulse and racism in your response.)

Key Terms

Captain Alfred T. Mahan was a United States Navy flag officer , geostrategist, and

historian, who has been called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenthcentury."

Henry Cabot Lodge was an American Republican Senator and historian

from Massachusetts. He had the role (but not the title) of Senate Majority leader . 

William James a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher  who was trained as

a physician. He wrote influential books on the young science of psychology, educationalpsychology, psychology of  religious experience and mysticism, and on the philosophyof pragmatism.

Theodore Roosevelt president

“open door” is a concept in foreign affairs, which usually refers to the policy in 1899

allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of thatcountry. As a theory, the Open Door Policy originates with British commercial practice, as

was reflected in treaties concluded with Qing Dynasty China after the First OpiumWar  (1839–1842).

“informal empire” (William Appleman Williams) was one of the 20th century's

most prominent revisionist historians of American diplomacy

William McKinley

U. S. S. Maine

Teller Amendment was an amendment to a  joint resolution of the United States

Congress, enacted on April 20, 1898, in reply to President William McKinley's War Message.

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It placed a condition of the United States military in Cuba. According to the clause, the U.S.could not annex Cuba but only leave "control of the island to its people."

Lattimer Massacre was the violent deaths of 19

unarmed striking immigrant anthracite coal miners at the Lattimer mine near Hazleton,Pennsylvania, on September 10, 1897

“embalmed beef” was a political scandal caused by the widespread issuance of 

extremely low-quality, heavily adulterated beef products to US soldiers fighting inthe Spanish-American War .

Platt Amendment was a rider appended to the Army Appropriations Act presented to the

U.S. Senate by Connecticut Republican Senator  Orville H. Plattr eplacing the earlier Teller 

Amendment. Approved on May 22, 1903,[1]

 it stipulated the conditions for the withdrawal of 

United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War  and definedthe terms of Cuban-U.S. relations until the 1934 Treaty of Relations. The Amendmentensured U.S. involvement in Cuban affairs, both foreign and domestic, and gave legalstanding to U.S. claims to certain economic and military territories on the islandincluding Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.

Emilio Aquinaldo was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played

an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the

subsequent Philippine-American War  or War of Philippine Independence[3] thatresisted American occupation.

Arthur MacArthur was a United States Army General. He became the militaryGovernor-

General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900 but his term ended a year later due toclashes with the civilian governor, futurePresident William Howard Taft.

David Fagan

Filipino Rebellion/Philippine-American War – Filipinos want independence.

Anti-Imperialist League was founded on June 15, 1898 in Boston, in opposition of the

acquisition of the Philippines, which happened anyway.The anti-imperialists opposed theexpansion because they believed imperialism violated the credo of republicanism, especiallythe need for "consent of the governed."

Treaty of 1899 resulted in the act that formally partitioned the Samoan archipelago into aGerman colony and a United States territory and was the culmination of years of civil war among Samoan factions and of rivalry between the United States, Germany and the UnitedKingdom at the brink of war.