Zoning/Regionalization Zoning/Regionalization -Surveillance, Early Warning & Rapid Containment--Surveillance, Early Warning & Rapid Containment-

Pacific Heads of Veterinary & Animal Production Services(PHOVAPS)

Nadi, Fiji28 July – 3 August 2007

T. FujitaOIE Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific

ContentsContents

What is OIE? Why emerging/TADs? Lessons learnt and Needs on Preparedness f

or TADs control Needs of International Standards and Regio

nal coordination Zoning/Regionalization for disease control (Concept and practices)

OIE at a glanceOIE at a glance World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1924

– by 28 countries

– predates the UN 169 Member Countries (including Fiji, 2007) headquarters in Paris

– 5 Regional Representations in the world

– RR for Asia and the Pacific, in Tokyo, Japan and its Branch Office in Bangkok, Thailand)

Objectives of OIEObjectives of OIE

1. To ensure transparency in the global animal disease situation.

2 　． To collect, analyse and disseminate scientific veterinary information.

3. To contribute expertise and encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases.

4. Within its mandate under the WTO-SPS Agreement, to safeguard world trade by publishing health standards for international trade in animals and animal products.

5. To improve the legal framework and resources of National Veterinary Services.

6. To provide a better guarantee of the safety of food of animal origin and to promote animal welfare through a science-based approach

Why Emerging/Transboundary AWhy Emerging/Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs)?nimal Diseases (TADs)?

Globalization/borderless erra – increase of Traveling, International Trade (including unrestricted trade of animals; both domestic and wild, and animal products)

Expansion of Human Population; esp. into areas not previously inhabited

Environmental Changes <vectors> Changes of Farming Systems Microbiological Adaptation <HPAI> Restructuring Consumerism Improvement of Diagnostic capability Others

Socio-economic Impacts of EmergiSocio-economic Impacts of Emerging Diseases/TADsng Diseases/TADs

Strong negative impacts on animal productivity and Economic losses

Threats to human health <Zoonoses> Food safety and Consumers’ concerns and confide

nce in food <Zoonoses> Loss of trading opportunities Increased uncertainty on stability of production m

anagement Socio-economic confusion

International Standards and ScienInternational Standards and Scientific Justificaiontific Justificaion

Need for International Standards OIE Standards (Code and Manual, etc.) WTO-SPC Agreement for International

trade OIE as the International Standards Setting Organization

Responsibility of Individual countries; a health measure to be based on a Risk Analysis (scientific justification)

OIE Standards for OIE Standards for Terrestrial AnimalsTerrestrial Animals

Terrestrial Animal Health Code (International Standards)

Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Internationally agreed lab. tests and vaccine production)

<HPAI as an Example of TAD<HPAI as an Example of TAD ｓｓ >>

HPAI situation in the world HPAI situation in the world (July07)(July07)

Spread from Asia to Europe, Middle East and Africa (unprecedented)

Over 240 million poultry died or culled Control measures largely successful to reduce

occurrences Indonesia, Egypt and Nigeria China, Vietnam, Thailand, etc. in Asia India, Japan, RO Korea, Myanmar, etc. in Asia

Lessons learnt and Needs for Preparedness and

Appropriate Responses

1.Recognition of Nature of Increasing Emerging diseases/TADs –borderless

2. Strengthening Veterinary Services for effective and challenging measures to control Emerging diseases/TADs at Source

3. Transparent and timely notification of animal disease occurrences and animal health information by a country– for country itself (disease control and credibility) and for neighboring and trade partners (preparedness)

4. Strengthening relationship between trading partners

5. Strengthen linkages and collaboration between animal health and public health authorities (zoonoses, to reduce health risks in humans and animals)

6.Enhance National and Regional/International collaboration for capacity building of Veterinary Services in *diagnosis and surveillance for rapid detection, *setting-up epidemiological networks for detecting, *developing early warning systems *organizing control measures for the effectiveness of domestic programmes (Early response)

7. Strengthen animal health infrastructure; e.g. Laboratories, Technologies, Communication links with stakeholders, etc.

Disease Control MeasuresDisease Control Measures

Disease identification (at farm, Laboratory diagnosis, Surveillance, etc.)

Transparent and timely notification Animal (& animal products) Movement Control

including Border control (International Trade) & Animal Traceability

Country/Zoning/Compartmentalization Culling (Stamping out policy) including Animal

Welfare Disinfection Vaccination, etc.

Background of GF-TADsBackground of GF-TADs

The Global Framework for the progressive control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADsGF-TADs)

A joint FAO/OIE initiative combiningcombining the strengths strengths of both the organizations to achieve common objectives

Facilitate mechanism to empower Regional allianRegional alliancesces in the fight against Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs)

Provide for capacity buildingcapacity building and assist in establishing pestablishing programmesrogrammes for the specific control of certain TADs based on Regional priorities

GF-TADs for Strengthen Regional MechanGF-TADs for Strengthen Regional Mechanisms isms

Regional Steering Committee (its Permanent Secretariat =OIE Tokyo, and 2nd Regional Meeting in Bangkok, July 2007 )

Regional capacity building, and enhancing the roles of regional/sub-regional networks for epidemiological and laboratory expertise (to provide reference services)

Regional Support Units (RSUs); in ASEAN, SAARC and SPC countries

Priority Diseases and Responsible CountriePriority Diseases and Responsible Countries (tentative) under GF-TADs Regional Progs (tentative) under GF-TADs Regional Prog

rammeramme Priority Diseases; HPAI, FMD, CSF, PPR

for Asia and the Pacific ASEAN; RSU in Thailand SAARC; RSU in Nepal SPC; To be confirmed Nomination of Epidemiological network

and Laboratory Networks

TADs Control MeasuresTADs Control MeasuresHPAI as an exampleHPAI as an example

Disease identification (at farm, Laboratory diagnosis, Surveillance, etc.)

Animal (& animal products) Movement Control including Border control (International Trade) & Animal Traceability

Country/Zoning/Compartmentalization Culling (Stamping out policy) including <Compensation,

Carcass disposal, Animal Welfare> Disinfection Vaccination Bio-Security, International certificate for trade, etc.

Roles of Veterinary ServicesRoles of Veterinary Services

Veterinary Services considered as global public good A lot of important mission on animal health including Zoo

noses Necessity to bring VSs into line with International Standar

ds (in terms of legislation, structure, organisation, resources, capacities, the role of the private sector and paraprofessionals, etc.)

Evaluation of Veterinary Services; on-going; with the Performance, Vision and Strategy (PVS) tool aimed at facilitating the process of evaluating national Veterinary Services

Regionalization/Zoning

Background of ZoningBackground of Zoning

• Difficulty to establish/maintain a disease free status for an Entire Country (esp. national boundaries)

• Sub-population with a different animal health status, being separated

• Benefits to MCs• Trading partners; (a) recognize such the sub-population, (b) establish parameters and (c) gain agreement on the sanitary measures

before disease outbreaks (An importing country; to be satisfied with animal health status in an exporting country)

Responsibility of Veterinary Authority;• Clearly define the sub-population and explain

(certify) animal health status for the zone, to an importing county, and disease control within the country

Regionalization/ZoningRegionalization/Zoning

Regionalization = Zoning under the OIE Code definition

Zone/region – means a clearly defined part of a country containin

g an animal subpopulation with a distinct health status with respect to a specific disease for which required surveillance, control and biosecurity measures have been applied for the purpose of international trade.

Zoning proceduresZoning procedures

Procedures implemented by a country to define animal sub-population of distinct health status within its territory (e.g. surveillance & monitoring)

The extent of a zone, to be established - Using, (natural, artificial or legal boundaries) + (spatial consideration & good management practice) - Made public, Veterinary authority to document on the epidemiology, environme

ntal factors and applicable biosecurity

Zoning procedures (cont’d)Zoning procedures (cont’d)

1. Importing countries to determine whether it may accept such an area as a zone;

taking into account, an evaluation of the exporting country’s Veterinary Services

the result of risk assessment, and its own animal health situation

2. A format Agreement defining the zone by the importing and exporting countries

Partnership for ZoningPartnership for Zoning

A partnership between ①government (Veterinary Authority) <to ensure implementation of the correct biosecurity practices> and ②relevant enterprise/industry <for management of the compartment in a biosecure manner>

Disease Free ZonesDisease Free Zones

Free zone – means a zone in which the absence of the

disease under consideration has been demonstrated by the requirements specified in the Terrestrial Code for free status being met.

Within the zone and at its borders, appropriate official veterinary control is effectively applied for animals and animal products, and their transportation.

Some practices on Zoning approachSome practices on Zoning approach

FMD control campaign in Southeast Asia OIE SEAFMD Control Campaign (RCU

based in Bangkok) for Zoning approach in Upper Mekong Sub-Region and Lower Mekong Sub-Region

Working Groups for the two Sub-Regions

Working Groups ofWorking Groups ofAnimal Movement Management Animal Movement Management

(Zoning Approach) in SE Asia(Zoning Approach) in SE Asia

Mekong Basin =Upper Mekong; Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam, + Yunan, China =Lower Mekong; Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailan

d, Viet Nam

To progressively control FMD through effective Animal Movement Management and Zoning approach

Myanmar

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam

0 - 1

5

1-3

0

0

0

4 - 5

0

3

5

Cattle and Buffalo Movements Pig Movements 5 Perceived Risk

Animal Movement Patterns China

NAI status of a zone (country or compartment) can be determined …

*Outcome of a Risk assessment identifying potential factors for Notifiable Avian Influenza (NAI) occurrence and their historical perspective

*Notifiable in the whole country, On-going NAI awareness in place,

*All suspected cases subjected to field and laboratory investigations

*Appropriate surveillance in place to demonstrate the presence of infection in the absence of clinical signs in poutry

Example Criteria for NAI status determination of a ZONE (country or

compartment)

FREE ZONE

FREE ZONE

BUFFERZONE

railway

major road

river

zones

BUFFER

ZONE

INFECTED ZONE

OIE Official “Disease Free Status”OIE Official “Disease Free Status”Introduction and procedures

OIE compiling a list of MCs or Zones that are officially recognized as being free from certain diseases.

A clear defined and impartial procedures necessary for declaring a MCs or their Zones free from a disease.

Well-designed and science-based questionnaires developed.

MC wishing to be declared as a disease free country/zones, to respond to OIE, with fulfilled questionnaires

OIE Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases to review the submitted reports and to submit to the OIE International Committee for adoption

The list available on the OIE web-site

Diseases specified for Free Status Diseases specified for Free Status by OIEby OIE

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Rinderpest Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBP

P) Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis (BSE)

Concept of CompartmentConcept of Compartment

CompartmentCompartment; one or more establishments under a common biosecurity management system containing an animal sub-population with a 　 distinct health status, requirements for surveillance, control and biosecurity measures applied for international trade.

SummarySummary1. Increasing cases of TADs/Emerging Diseases

2. Needs of International Standards for Animal Health based on scientifically proven facts (OIE Code, Manual, etc.) and Regional Coordination (GF-TADs as a mechanism)

3. Disease Control measures including Zoning Approach

4. WTO-SPS Agreement

5. Transparent and timely notification of disease occurrences and preparedness

6. Veterinary Services as international public good; Capacity building of and Quality of Veterinary Services; Strengthen relevant infrastructures and sustainable (human and financial) resources, for Early detection and Rapid Response and strict implementation of legislation; -Evaluation of Veterinary Services

7. A more global/regional approach to implement Strategies of TADs

Thank you for your attention!!Thank you for your attention!!

T. FujitaOIE Tokyo