zoom in on cape - bees for development | welcome in on cape cape verde is situated in the atlantic...

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eeping & Development 60 ZOOM IN ON CAPE Cape Verde is situated in the Atlantic Ocean 500 km west of Senegal. The archipelago of Cape Verde has an area of 4,033 km2 and is made up of ten islands (of which nine are inhabited) and nine islets of volcanic origin. It comprises two regions: the Northern Region, called Windward (Sao Vicente, Santo Antao, Sao Nicolau, Santa Luzia, Sal and Boavista), and the Southern Region, called Leeward (Santiago, Fogo, Maio and Brava). CLIMATE The climate is tropical with two distinct seasons: dry season is from November to June and the rainy season from July to October. The average annual rainfall in coastal areas is 250mm, rising to 600mm in the higher regions. POPULATION Resident 417,200; Emigrated 802,000 MAIN AGRICULTURE There are two forms of agricultural practice: dry or pluvial and moist or irrigated. The major crops are beans, cabbage, cassava, maize, sugarcane, sweet potato, and tomato. HONEYBEES On the island of Santiago honeybees are everywhere, especially in the humid valleys. Bees are nesting in house walls, rock terrace walls, in the mountains, in villages and cities, wherever there are flowering plants. DNA analysis by Bo Vest Pedersen (see this edition page 9) has shown that the honeybees in Cape Verde are closely related to honeybees from The Gambia. BEE FLORA There is an important area in the mountains which is covered with forest plant species of great value for honey production including Eucalyptus spp and Grevillea robusta. In the coastal areas there are Acacia spp, Aloe vera, Cocos nucifera, Leucaena leucocephala, Musa spp, Parkinson/a aculeata, Prosopis juliflora and Ziziphus mauritiana. BEE ENEMIES Ants, humans and the Death's head hawk moth, (see page 12). BEEKEEPING PROJECT The Cape Verde beekeeping project is a co-operative venture between the Diregao Geral de Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pecuaria (DGASP) in the Cape Verde Ministry of Agriculture, and Danish Bee Consult/EDBI, sponsored by The Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DANI DA), The project started in September 1999 and will run for three years. Beekeeping in hives started in Cape Verde in 1953 when a farmer imported beekeeping equipment from Portugal. Modern beekeeping in the government context started in 1993 with a Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) project. Expensive stainless steel equipment was imported and many frame hives produced. Wild bees were found in the mountains of Santiago and transferred to the hives. Colonies of bees were taken to the islands of Fogo and Santo Antao from Santiago in 1995. Human inhabitants on these islands burnt the colonies and destroyed them with pesticides, unhappy about the introduction of these 'aggressive insects'. In 1999 less than ten colonies were left, and only three trained persons from DGASP were working with the bees. This project introduced beekeeping but not in a way that it was feasible for people without money. For the last ten years it has been an official goal that 3,000,000 trees should be planted on Cape Verde every year and every CapeVerdian is encouraged to plant at least seven trees every year. Both the government and especially the NGO Dos Amigos de Natureza have been responsible for the creation of forests with Acacia sp, Prosopis sp, sweet chestnut, Eucalyptus, pine trees and other drought resistant trees. The trees have been planted to create more precipitation to prevent erosion, and to supply people with firewood and food. The trees have grown well although the Acacia and Prosopis produce only a few pods and seeds, probably because of lack of pollination. The main purpose of the Cape Verde/Danish project has been to create better pollination for the forests, fruit trees and vegetables and to create a new income-generating activity for poor farmers. The goal is to educate, and encourage eighty people to start beekeeping, half of the group are women. All the beekeeping materials are to be made locally and only indigenous bees are used. Bees currently populate seventy hives and half of the students have received bees. A minor part of the project has been multiplication of seedlings and cuttings of drought-resistant plants, for example jojoba. This has been in co-operation with Dos Amigos de Natureza on the Island of Mindelo. The resulting trees will be given to people who want to improve the environment. Santo Antao Sau Vicente Sao Nicolau '«b* **b North Atlantic Ocean / Oceano Atlantico Norte Fogo Sao Tiago CONCERNING BEEKEEPING r Luigi Passoni writes, "Over the last few months I have been astonished to see so many swarms, and was even more astonished to see the mass killing of bees when honey harvesting time arrived. Men and boys go hunting and when they find a nest of bees they set fire to it to chase the bees away. Most of the nests are destroyed. From the previous FAO project we have over 100 unused Dadant hives complete with frames and supers. In the current project we are simplifying these hives: using top-bars in place of frames. We are also using hives that have been made locally". FUTURE PERSPECTIVES It is not well known in Cape Verde that beekeeping can be a profitable activity for rural people, providing crops of honey and beeswax with relatively small investments. The project wants to encourage beekeepers to benefit well from their beekeeping activities by using honey and wax to make other products: candles, pomades, lipsticks and a variety of skin creams. If weather conditions are favourable horticulture and fruit production are activities that provide a good return, meeting the increasing demands from the growing populations. Unforunately in attempts to increase the production of their crops, farmers wron use chemicals, fertilisers and pesticides, unaware of the damage that these products cause to the environment (see page 13) A Bees for Development publication / Uma publicacao Bees for Development

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Page 1: ZOOM IN ON CAPE - Bees for development | Welcome IN ON CAPE Cape Verde is situated in the Atlantic Ocean 500 km west of Senegal. The archipelago of Cape Verde has an area of 4,033

eeping & Development 60

ZOOM IN ON CAPECape Verde is situated in the Atlantic Ocean 500 km west of Senegal.The archipelago of Cape Verde has an area of 4,033 km2 and is made upof ten islands (of which nine are inhabited) and nine islets of volcanic origin.It comprises two regions: the Northern Region, called Windward (Sao Vicente,Santo Antao, Sao Nicolau, Santa Luzia, Sal and Boavista), and the SouthernRegion, called Leeward (Santiago, Fogo, Maio and Brava).

CLIMATEThe climate is tropical with two distinct seasons:

dry season is from November to June and the rainy

season from July to October. The average annual

rainfall in coastal areas is 250mm, rising to 600mm

in the higher regions.

POPULATIONResident 417,200; Emigrated 802,000

MAIN AGRICULTUREThere are two forms of agricultural practice:

dry or pluvial and moist or irrigated. The major crops

are beans, cabbage, cassava, maize, sugarcane,

sweet potato, and tomato.

HONEYBEESOn the island of Santiago honeybees are everywhere,

especially in the humid valleys. Bees are nesting

in house walls, rock terrace walls, in the mountains,

in villages and cities, wherever there are flowering plants.

DNA analysis by Bo Vest Pedersen (see this edition

page 9) has shown that the honeybees in Cape Verde

are closely related to honeybees from The Gambia.

BEE FLORAThere is an important area in the mountains which

is covered with forest plant species of great value for

honey production including Eucalyptus spp and

Grevillea robusta. In the coastal areas there are

Acacia spp, Aloe vera, Cocos nucifera, Leucaena

leucocephala, Musa spp, Parkinson/a aculeata,

Prosopis juliflora and Ziziphus mauritiana.

BEE ENEMIESAnts, humans and the Death's head hawk moth,

(see page 12).

BEEKEEPING PROJECTThe Cape Verde beekeeping project is a co-operative

venture between the Diregao Geral de Agricultura,

Silvicultura e Pecuaria (DGASP) in the Cape Verde

Ministry of Agriculture, and Danish Bee Consult/EDBI,

sponsored by The Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs

(DAN I DA),

The project started in September 1999 and will run

for three years.

Beekeeping in hives started in Cape Verde in 1953

when a farmer imported beekeeping equipment from

Portugal. Modern beekeeping in the government

context started in 1993 with a Food and Agricultural

Organization of the United Nations (FAO) project.

Expensive stainless steel equipment was imported and

many frame hives produced. Wild bees were found in

the mountains of Santiago and transferred to the

hives. Colonies of bees were taken to the islands of

Fogo and Santo Antao from Santiago in 1995.

Human inhabitants on these islands burnt the colonies

and destroyed them with pesticides, unhappy about

the introduction of these 'aggressive insects'.

In 1999 less than ten colonies were left, and only

three trained persons from DGASP were working with

the bees. This project introduced beekeeping but not

in a way that it was feasible for people without money.

For the last ten years it has been an official goal that

3,000,000 trees should be planted on Cape Verde

every year and every CapeVerdian is encouraged to

plant at least seven trees every year.

Both the government and especially the NGO

Dos Amigos de Natureza have been responsible for the

creation of forests with Acacia sp, Prosopis sp, sweet

chestnut, Eucalyptus, pine trees and other drought

resistant trees. The trees have been planted to create

more precipitation to prevent erosion, and to supply

people with firewood and food.

The trees have grown well although the Acacia and

Prosopis produce only a few pods and seeds, probably

because of lack of pollination.

The main purpose of the Cape Verde/Danish project

has been to create better pollination for the forests,

fruit trees and vegetables and to create a new

income-generating activity for poor farmers.

The goal is to educate, and encourage eighty people

to start beekeeping, half of the group are women.

All the beekeeping materials are to be made locally and

only indigenous bees are used. Bees currently populate

seventy hives and half of the students have received bees.

A minor part of the project has been multiplication

of seedlings and cuttings of drought-resistant plants,

for example jojoba. This has been in co-operation with

Dos Amigos de Natureza on the Island of Mindelo.

The resulting trees will be given to people who want

to improve the environment.

SantoAntao

SauVicente

Sao Nicolau

'«b*

**b

North Atlantic Ocean / Oceano Atlantico Norte

FogoSao

Tiago

CONCERNING BEEKEEPINGr

Luigi Passoni writes, "Over the last few months I have

been astonished to see so many swarms, and was

even more astonished to see the mass killing of bees

when honey harvesting time arrived. Men and boys go

hunting and when they find a nest of bees they set fire

to it to chase the bees away. Most of the nests are

destroyed. From the previous FAO project we have

over 100 unused Dadant hives complete with frames

and supers. In the current project we are simplifying

these hives: using top-bars in place of frames. We are

also using hives that have been made locally".

FUTURE PERSPECTIVESIt is not well known in Cape Verde that beekeeping

can be a profitable activity for rural people, providing

crops of honey and beeswax with relatively small

investments. The project wants to encourage

beekeepers to benefit well from their beekeeping

activities by using honey and wax to make other

products: candles, pomades, lipsticks and a variety

of skin creams.

If weather conditions are favourable horticulture and

fruit production are activities that provide a good

return, meeting the increasing demands from the

growing populations. Unforunately in attempts to

increase the production of their crops, farmers wron

use chemicals, fertilisers and pesticides, unaware

of the damage that these products cause to the

environment (see page 13)

A Bees for Development publication / Uma publicacao Bees for Development

Page 2: ZOOM IN ON CAPE - Bees for development | Welcome IN ON CAPE Cape Verde is situated in the Atlantic Ocean 500 km west of Senegal. The archipelago of Cape Verde has an area of 4,033

Beekeeping & Development 60

s^^*Cabo Verde esta situado no Oceano Atlantico, 500 km a oeste do Senegal.0 arquipeiago de Cabo Verde possui uma area de 4.033 km2, e e formado pordez ilhas (das quais nove sao habitadas) e nove ilhotas de origem vulcanica.Ele compreende duas regioes: a regiao Norte, chamada de Barlavento(S. Vicente, Santo Antao, S. Nicolau, Santa Luzia, Sal e Boavista ), e a regiaoSul chamada de Sotavento (Santiago, Fogo, Maio e Brava).

CLIMA0 clima e do tipo tropical com duas estagoes

distintas: a estagao seca que vai de Novembro a

Junho e a estagao chuvosa entre Julho e Outubro.

Nas zonas costeiras, a precipitagao media e de 250

mm/ano, subindo para 600mm nas zonas de altitudes.

POPULAQAOResidentes: 417.200; Emigrados: 802.000

HuRICULTURA PREDOMINANTEHa duas formas de agricultura em Cabo Verde:

de sequeiro ou pluvial e de regadio ou irrigada.

As principals culturas sao feijao, repolho, mandioca,

milho, cana-de-agucar, batata doce e tomate.

ABELHAS MELI'FERASNa ilha de Santiago as abelhas meliferas estao por

toda parte, especialmente nos vales umidos.

As abelhas nidificam nas paredes das casas, muros de

pedra, nas montanhas, nas vilas e cidades, em

qualquer lugar onde haja plantas que floresgam.

Varias analises de DMA por Bo Vest Pedersen (veja

na pagina 9 dessa edigao) mostraram que a abelha

melifera de Cabo Verde e bastante aparentada com

a abelha melifera da Gambia.

FLORA APJCOLAabo Verde, existe uma area importante nas

Ttanhas que e coberta com especies florestais

de grande valor para a produgao de mel, incluindo

Eucalyptus sp. e Grevillea robusta. Nas zonas

costeiras ha Acacia sp, Aloe vera, Cocos nucifera,

Leucaena leucocephala, Musa sp, Parkinsonia

aculeata, Prosopis juliflora e Ziziphus mauritiana.

INIMIGOS DAS ABELHASFormigas, humanos, e as mariposas 'caveira'

(veja na pagina 12).

PROJETO DE APICULTURA0 Projeto de Apicultura de Cabo Verde e uma

iniciativa de cooperagao entre o Diregao Geral

de Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pecuaria (DGASP) do

inisterio de Agricultura de Cabo Verde, e o Danish

Bee Consult/EDBI, patrocinado pelo Ministerio

e Relagoes Exteriores da Dinamarca (DANIDA).

0 projeto comegou em setembro de 1999 e tera

a duragao de tres anos.

A apicultura em colmeias teve seu inicio em Cabo

^Verde em 1953, quando urn fazendeiro importou

equipamento api'cola de Portugal. A apicultura

moderna no contexto governamental iniciou-se em

1993 com urn projeto da Organizagao das Nagoes

Unidas para a Agricultura e Alimentagao (FAO).

Equipamentos caros de ago inoxidavel foram

importados e muitas colmeias de quadras produzidas.

Colonias silvestres foram encontradas nas montanhas

e transferidas para as colmeias. Colonias de abelhas

foram levadas de Santiago para as ilhas do Fogo e

Santo Antao em 1995. Habitantes humanos dessas

ilhas queimaram as colonias e destruiram-nas com

pesticidas, descontentes com a introdugao desses

'insetos agressivos'.

Em 1999 menos de dez colmeias haviam restado,

e apenas tres pessoas treinadas pelo DGASP estavam

trabalhando com abelhas. 0 projeto introduziu a

apicultura mas nao de urna maneira que fosse viavel

para pessoas sem recursos financeiros.

Nos ultimos dez anos tern sido urn objetivo oficial que

3.000.000 de arvores sejam plantadas a cada ano

em Cabo Verde e cada cidadao e encorajado a plantar

pelo menos sete avores por ano.

Tanto o governo, como, e especialmente, a ONG Dos

Amigos de Natureza tern sido responsaveis pela

criagao de florestas com Acacia sp., Prosopis sp.,

castanheira europeia, Eucalyptus, pinheiros e outras

plantas resistentes a seca. As arvores foram plantadas

para gerar maiores precipitances, prevenir erosao

e para suprir a populac.ao com lenha e alimento.

As arvores cresceram bem embora as Acacia e Prosopis

tenham produzido apenas algumas vagens e sementes,

provavelmente devido a falta de polinizagao.

0 principal objetivo do projeto Cabo Verde/Dinamarca

tern sido proporcionar uma melhor polinizagao para as

florestas, arvores frutiferas e vegetais, e criar uma nova

atividade geradora de renda para os agricultores pobres.

A meta e educar, e encorajar 80 pessoas a comegar

na apicultura, sendo metade do grupo constituido de

tnulheres. Todo o equipamento de apicultura deve ser

feito localmente e apenas abelhas indigenas sao

usadas. No momento, ha sententa colmeias povoadas

e metade dos alunos receberam abelhas.

rde that beekeepiactivity foi rural people

nto geral em Cabo Verde que3 apicultura possa ser uma atividade rentavel para comumdades rurais

Uma pequena parte do projeto consiste na

multiplicagao de mudas e ramos de plantas resistentes

a seca, como por exemplo a jojoba. Essa iniciativa

tern sido realizada em cooperagao com Dos Amigos de

Natureza na ilha de Mindelo. As arvores produzidas

serao distribuidas para a populagao que queira

melhorar o seu meio ambiente.

A RESPEITO DA APICULTURALuigi Passoni disse, "Ao longo dos ultimos meses eu

fiquei admirado de ver tantos enxames, e fiquei muito

mais adrnirado ainda ao ver a matanga em massa de

abelhas quando o periodo de coleta de mel chegou.

Homens e meninos vao cagar abelhas e quando eles

encontram um ninho poes fogo nele para espantar as

abelhas. A maioria dos ninhos e destruida. Do projeto

anterior da FAO nos tinhamos mais de 100 colmeias

Dadant nao usadas comptetas, com quadros e

melgueiras. No projeto atual estamos simplificando

essas colmeias: usamos apenas a barra do topo do

quadro no lugar de quadros completos. Nos estamos

tambem usando colmeias feitas localmente".

PERSPECTIVAS FUTURASNao e de conhecimento geral em Cabo Verde que

a apicultura possa ser uma atividade rentavel para

comunidades rurais, fornecendo colheitas de mel,

cera de abelha e polen, a partir de investimentos

relativamente baixos. 0 projeto quer incentivar

apicultores a tirar bom proveito de suas atividades

apicolas usando mel e cera para produzir outros

produtos: velas, pomadas, batons e uma variedade

de cremes para a pele.

Se o clima for favoravel, a horticulture e a produgao

de frutas sao atividades que dao um bom retorno,

indo de encontro a ascendente demanda das

populagoes em crescimento. Infelizmente, na tentativa

de aumentar a produgao de suas culturas, os

fazendeiros erradamente usam produtos quimicos,

fertilizantes e pesticidas, inconscientes dos danos que

esses produtos podem causar ao ambiente em geral e

para humanos e animais (veja na pagina 13).

Information provided by Luigi Passoniin Cape Verde and Ole Hertz, EDBt,Denmark.

Nossos agradecimentos a Luigi Passoni,Cabo Verde e Ole Hertz, EDBI,Dinamarca, por fornecer essasinformagoes.

Photographs/Fotografias © Ole Hertz

A Bees for Development publication / Uma publicacao Bees for Development