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Advantages of SALINJET to normal saline :

1- Amount of drug needed : In comparison to normal saline , the amount of SALINJET needed for same results is 1/10 to 1/20 .

2- Faster Infusion : As the drug is infused faster , signs of improvement appears faster in animals .

3- Lower Cost : Because the amount of the drug is much less .

4- Efficacy : as mentioned in mechanism section before SALINJET causes increase in osmotic pressure of vascular system and drags water from ECF ( extracellular fluid ) to vascular system , so prevents edema especially pulmonary edema in contrast to normal saline .

u With same mechanism SALINJET increases the plasma volume faster than normal saline , therefor : For example in fluid therapy of a 50kg calve with 10% dehydration the

amount of normal saline needed will be :

Resuscitation fluid = 50 × 10% = 5 lit

Maintenance fluid = 50 × 50 = 2500 CC 2.5 lit

Total Amount of Normal saline = 5 + 2.5 = 7.5 lit

If we treat this calf with SALINJET , we will use 5 CC/KG , so only 250 CC SALINJET will be needed .

In an cow with 10% dehydration , usually near 60 litres of Normal saline is needed to treat the dehydration but with use of SALINJET it will drop to ( 500-600 ) kg × 5 = 2500-3000 = 2.5 – 3 litreSo the volume of serum needed is 95% less.

1- Increases cardiac output

2- Increases arterial blood pressure

3- Increases GFR in kidneys

4- Increases tissue oxygenation all over the body

u After infusion of SALINJET, oral administration of liquids and electrolytes causes ionic balance.

How to use SALINJET

A) Amount of Administration : 4-5 cc/ kg ( body weight )

B) Rate of Administration in newborn calves :The total amount ( 250 cc ) must be used in 4-5 minutes 1 cc / kgBW per minute

C) It is recommended to use oral electrolyte solutions ( ORS , Dalton or etc ) after using SALINJET.

Make sure the animal gets enough water and electrolytes after using SALINJET

Contraindication : Don’t use in renal disease

Package : Available as 1000 cc and 250 cc

References:

1 – Radostits O.M,Blood D.C ( 2007 ) Veterinary medicine .W.B.Sanders.PP : 95-982 - BP.Smith ( 2009 ) Large animal internal med. Mosby.PP:3 - Constable P. Fluid and electrolyte therapy in ruminants.Vet clin North Anim Pract 20034 - Joachim Berchtold.Treatment of calf diarrhea : Intravenous fluid therapy .Vet clin food animal. 25 (2009) 73-995 - Kazuiki Suzuki. The effect of 7/2 hypertonic saline solution on M-Mode echocardiography indices in normovolemic dogs. J vet med sci 68(7) : 749 – 751 , 2006

Example of Approximate Amount of Fluid Required for Hydration and Maintenance Therapy

Degree of % Dehydration

Rehydration (L /24h ) Maintenance (L / 24h)

Mature (500 kg )

Horse8

124060

25-5025-50

Newborn ( 50 kg ) calf8

1246

2.5-52.5-5

Mature (700kg ) cow 812

5684 35-70

35-70

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SALINJET is a hypertonic solution of Nacl ( 7.2% ) , it is an aquous solution with osmolarity equal to 2460 mOsm per litre .

Normal plasma osmolarity in ruminants is 306 mOsm per litre thus solutions with osmolality between 300 and 312 is called ″ isotonic solution ″ , solutions with osmolarity more than 312 is called ″ hypertonic solution ″ and those with lower than 300 mOsm is called ″ hypotonic solution ″ .

The osmolarity of 7.2% NaCl solution ( SALINJET ) is 2460 and the osmolarity of 0.9% NaCl solution ( conventional normal saline ) is 308 mOsm , so each unit of SALINJET equals to 8 same units of normal saline .

Hypertonic solution was applied in human medicine first in 1937

The mechanism of SALINJET action in the body:

SALINJET SALINJET Indication :

SALINJET Application in dehydration :

Then the amount normal saline needed can be calculated for fluid therapy

In veterinary medicine it was first used in 1992 in United States by Canstable . this drug is currently used worldwide routinely .

1- Dehydrations2- Newborn calves problems including pneumonia , depression ( fatigue ), anorexia more than 24 hours and hypothermia less than 38 degree centigrade .3- Newborn calve diarrhea4- Lactic acidosis after carbohidrate engorgement5- Acute peritonitis6- Abomasal disease, RDA, LDA, torsion and impaction7- Coliform acute mastitis8- Acute septic metritis9- Acute diarrhea in horses such as salmonella10- Hemorrhagic shock in horses11- Esophageal obstruction in horses12- Acute intestinal obstruction in horses13- Grain engorgement in horses14- Any condition in dogs or other animals which cardiac output increase is considered such as hypovolemia , dehydrations and etc

First of all , the degree of dehydration must be determined

Fluid for resuscitation (in litre ) = body weight ( in kg ) × dehydration percentageFluid for maintenance (in cc ) = body weight ( in kg ) × 50 cc

IV infusion of SALINJET

Increasing osmolarity of blood

Absorption of water from cells , interestitialand extracellular fluid and gastrointestinal system

Increase inarterial blood

pressure

Increase incardiac output

Increase inglomerular

filtration rate(GFR ) at kidneys

Increase tissueoxygenation

in whole body

Increase of Ca 2+ concentrationin heart muscle cellsIncrease of blood volume

Increase of heartcontractility

Improves O2 transferin blood

Percentage ofwater loss

ClinicalAsessment Eye ball Depression Neck torgar per

second Mucosalcondition

0 Standing strongSuck reflex

notpresent 1> wet

1-5 Standing weakSuck reflex not present or slight 1-4 wet

6-8 SternalRecumbency

Slight eye ball Detachment

From orbit5-10 adhesive

9-10 SternalRecumbency

0.5 cm between Eyeball and

Orbit11-15 Adhesive to dry

11-12 LateralRecumbency

0.5-1 cm betweenEyeball and Orbit

16-45 dry

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