Department of Environmental EngineeringNED University of Engineering and Technology,

Karachi

Subject Teacher: Sir Mehmood Ali

Presented By: Zubair Ahmed En 07(M)

ContentsWASTE COMPOSITIONTREATMENT FACILITIESCONCLUSIONSRECOMMENDATIONSREFERENCES

WASTE COMPOSITION

The waste composition was assessed in terms of general waste and infectious waste. At present JPMC is generation approx. 2.5 tons of hospital waste on daily basis which include 700 Kg of infectious waste. [1]

The above assessment is based on informal interviews with the medical staff which shows that 72% of total waste is general waste and 28% is infectious waste at JPMC. [1]

TREATMENT FACILITIESFor safe disposal of hospital infectious waste incinerator

has been installed during the month of March 2000 under the project entitled "Disposal of Solid Waste from Hospital by Incineration" by M/S PCSIR.

This was the first indigenous incinerator which was installed and fabricated by PCSIR

it cost half the price of an imported one. The capacity of this incinerator having is 25 Kg/ hour. [1]

TREATMENT FACILITIES cont…The incinerator is operated, charged, discharged

and maintained by M/S Pakistan public works department through E/M Division.

Sanitary superintendent and two sanitary inspectors with the assistance of sanitation staff ensure the proper disposal of hospital waste. [1]

TREATMENT FACILITIES cont… Incinerator is of pathological type suitable for

infectious hospital waste burning. It consists of two chambers, the primary one (main firing chamber) and the secondary one (the high temperature burning chamber). The waste is loaded through charging door manually in front of main burner in the primary chamber where temperature is maintained around 800oC. The temperature is increased slowly giving enough time to the waste for complete burning.

TREATMENT FACILITIES cont…The hot exhaust gases go upward into the

secondary chamber, and passes through holes in the refractory linings at the top of the primary chamber. The gases are also burnt in the secondary chamber where a secondary burner further increases the temperature up to 900oC.

From secondary chamber the hot, clean and nonhazardous flue gases are exhausted through a stack/chimney.

TREATMENT FACILITIES cont…The hot gases from secondary chamber are

recycled in primary chamber through a closed circuit minimizing the fuel (natural gas) consumption.

Necessary equipment for collection and shifting of garbage from wards to designated collection place are available including trolleys, dustbins, shopping bags, etc. Furthermore, a garbage truck and road sweeper along with a tractor are also available for transportation of non infectious waste from JPMC to municipal landfill sites and cleaning of road site open areas within JPMC premises. [1]

TREATMENT FACILITIES cont…

CONCLUSIONSThe data, information and statistics on the health

care waste sources, generation, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal is lacking.

No studies have been undertaken by the municipality, SEPA and any government agency.

The sanitation staff consist of uneducated Hindus and Christian and who are not properly trained to handle the health care waste. No protective gears and clothing are provided to them by the health care institutions.

CONCLUSIONS cont…The tools and equipment utilized by the sanitation

staff includes brooms, brushes and four wheel trolleys inside the premises while one wheel trolley and buckets are used for conveying waste from inside to outside of the health care facilities. The tools and equipment were found to be insufficient, inadequate and unhygienic in majority of the cases.

CONCLUSIONS cont…The surveys and informal interviews with the

sanitation staff confirmed that recyclable materials from the health care waste stream are not completely retrieved. Organic waste is not separated and utilized. Other utilizable items include glucose bags, urine bags, drips, plastic pipes, cutters, glassware, metals, syringes, placentas, paper and plastics. Due to spoiling of waste considerable quantities remained to be uncollected/ picked.

CONCLUSIONS cont…No Health Care Waste Management plan,

methodology, rules and regulations exists with any medical facility. No previous and ongoing programme on waste minimization was witnessed. The awareness and training on waste management issues even among the in-house medical staff of JPMC does not exist.

RECOMMENDATIONSOrganizing awareness and training programme for

the staff of health care facilities. The training should be at three tier level including the medical practitioner/doctor/paramedical staff, sanitation staff and users of medical facilities.

The literature, notices, brochures and appropriate awareness material through available communication modes needs to be prepared and publicized in local languages.

RECOMMENDATIONS cont…The sanitation staff needs to be provided with

appropriate protection gears and Clothing. Hand gloves are the most essential items required by the staff.

 The infectious health care waste is to be completely

segregated from the domestic and commercial waste. Use of colour coded bags can be adopted for clinical waste at the hospitals and health care establishments.

RECOMMENDATIONS cont…The transportation of health care waste to disposal

and treatment sites needs to be done as per hygienic standards and in a safe way. The sanitation staff should not touch the waste and it should not come in contact with the exposed parts of the body.

Management Alternatives for JPMC waste.

REFERENCES[1] JPMC, Statics Departement & informal

interviews with the medical staff.

[2] Ahmed, R. (2008) Hospital Waste Management in Karachi, Pakistan; Gouda: WASTE – Urban Waste Expertise Programme, pp-15-16.

Question and answers?